scholarly journals Estimation of technological value and chemical composition of selected common wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Anna Fraś ◽  
Magdalena Wiśniewska ◽  
Damian Gołębiewski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
Fraction I

The aim of the study was to estimate the technological value and chemical composition of new common wheat cultivars. The experimental material consisted of grain and flour obtained from 5 cultivars of common wheat, registered in 2017-2019, donated by Plant Breeding Strzelce - IHAR Group Ltd., Co., and harvested in years 2017-2018. The physical characteristics of the grain were determined: milling yield, falling number, gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation index as well as farinograph analysis and laboratory baking were performed. Furthermore, the content of grain nutrients and dietary fiber was determined. Significant differences between cultivars in terms of technological parameters and chemical composition have been demonstrated. The protein content in the grain was in the range of 13.3-15.2%, and the amount of gluten in the range of 28.6-36.8%. The cultivars were characterized by low alpha-amylase activity with an average falling number value 331s. The average water absorption of flour was 62.1%, and the volume of obtained bread was in the range 318-381cm3. The bread of best quality was obtained from the Wilejka cultivar, that was also the richest source of protein. The average dietary fiber content from two years of research was 10.8%, including 7.7% of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), of which 5.8% of the insoluble fraction (I-NSP) and 1.9% of the soluble fraction (S-NSP). The richest source of dietary fiber was the spring wheat Alibi. The tested cultivars were characterized by high technological value and very good chemical composition and can be recommended for use in the food industry.

scholarly journals Characterization and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber concentrates as potential prebiotic ingredients for use in fish nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fernanda Rodrigues Goulart ◽  
Marina Osmari Dalcin ◽  
Naglezi de Menzes Lovatto ◽  
Ana Betine Beutinger Bender ◽  
Leila Picolli da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Industrial Sources

Dietary fibers are formed by non-starch polysaccharides as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, gums, mucilages, β-glucans, among others. These constituents have prebiotic properties and are therefore not digested in the gut, reaching intact in the colon and altering the microflora of the colon. In developing, beneficial microflora produces physiological effects capable of improving the life of the host. Thus, the knowledge of the biological and functional properties of dietary fibers has led to the development of methods of obtaining these compounds for possible use in animal nutrition. Then, this study aimed to obtain dietary fiber concentrates (DFC) from different agro-industrial sources and evaluate their respective chemical composition and physicochemical properties. The DFC - mucilage, pectin, and βglucan + mannan (βG+M) were obtained from linseed, citrus pulp, and brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), respectively, through different physicochemical processes. The chemical composition revealed that the predominant component in all DFC were dietary fiber and the insoluble fraction. The DFC that obtained most extraction yield was βG+M (19.81% ± 8.54), followed by pectin (14.54% ± 2.72), and mucilage (7.18% ± 1.54). The mucilage and pectin composition have greater monosaccharide diversity since the βG+M consisted primarily of mannose (74.5%) and glucose (24.3%). The pectin showed numerically lower hydration capacity than the other DFC. For the oil binding ability, all DFC had similar values. In this study, the DFC presented nutritional and technological characteristics that indicate potential application of the agro-industrial sources as a prebiotic for fish supplementation.

scholarly journals Cadmium uptake, translocation, and redistribution affect Cd accumulation in grain of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Cheng ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Sha Wang ◽  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Jian Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background To study the cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat grain, we evaluated the grain Cd concentrations of 46 common wheat cultivars grown at two sites in Sichuan, China and selected five different grain Cd accumulators (a high-Cd accumulator ZM18, four low-Cd accumulators YM51, YM53, SM969 and CM104) to explore the physiological processes of Cd accumulation in the grain of wheat grown under varying degrees of Cd stress. Results Our results showed that the Cd concentration in grain differed among genotypes. Under low-Cd stress, the grain Cd concentration was correlated with the Cd translocation factor (TF) of roots to grain and all the Cd redistribution factors (RFs). Compared with the ZM18, the cultivars YM53 and SM969 accumulated less Cd in the grain due to low Cd redistribution from lower stems and older leaves to grain. The low-Cd accumulators YM51 and CM104 were due to low Cd transport from roots to grain, and low Cd redistribution from glumes, flag leaves, lower stems, and older leaves to grain. Under high-Cd stress, the ZM18, YM53, and SM969 accumulated significantly more Cd in the grain, root and other tissues than did YM51 and CM104. Correlation analyses showed that the grain Cd concentration of wheat under high Cd stress was positively correlated with the Cd concentration in each tissue and the TFs of roots to grains, rachis, internode 1 and flag leaves. Conclusions Cd translocation directly from roots to grain and Cd redistribution from shoots to grain determines the Cd accumulation in grain of wheat cultivars under low-Cd stress. Cd uptake by root and then synchronously transported to new shoots determined the differences of Cd accumulation in the grain of wheat cultivars under high Cd stress.

scholarly journals Adaptation reactions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and emmer (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) seedlings under osmotic stress and treatment with metal nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
M. Musienko ◽  
Ya. Gadzalo ◽  
M. Kovalenko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ye. Konotop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

Aim. To study the adaptive reactions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and emmer (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) seedlings using the parameters of oxidative homeostasis under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress and metal (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) mixture nanoparticles treatment. Methods. Biochemical assays: spectrophotometric measurements of the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), the content of proline and products of lipid peroxidation; mathematical statistics. Results. The state of oxidative homeostasis of common wheat (cv. Favorytka, cv. Trypilska) and emmer (cv. Holikovska) seedlings under PEG-induced osmotic stress conditions was investigated and analyzed. The development of lipid peroxidation processes under stress conditions was observed only in the cv. Trypilska seedlings. It was established that proline content in common wheat seedlings of both cultivars under stress had signifi cant (10 : 1) predominance in roots, while in roots and shoots of emmer seedlings proline content increased equally. SOD activity in the leaves of the studied cultivars under stress conditions was not changed. At the same time, an increase of SOD activity by 30 % under osmotic stress was shown in the roots of common wheat of cv. Favorytka, while it decreased by 25 % in the roots of cv. Trypilska. It was established that CAT activity in the roots of both cultivars of common wheat decreased by 25 and 38 %, respectively, whereas in emmer of cv. Holikovska this parameter increased by 35 % under osmotic stress. Presowing treatment using a colloidal solution of a mixture of biogenic metal nanoparticles contributed to the induction of SOD activity in the roots of cv. Favorytka, CAT activity in the leaves of cv. Trypilska, and CAT activity in the roots and leaves of cv. Holikovska compared to non-treated plants. It should be noted that the treatment of plants with metal nanoparticles promoted the restoration of CAT activity in the roots under osmotic stress conditions to the level of the control plants in both wheat varieties. Conclusions. It was established that osmotic stress provoked the development of oxidative processes and inhibition of the activities of antioxidant enzymes, in particular, SOD and CAT, in the seedling roots of common wheat cultivars. It was shown that emmer wheat seedlings of cv. Holikovska can maintain redox homeostasis and avoid oxidative damage under osmotic stress conditions. It was found that the seedlings of common wheat and emmer demonstrated different strategies of osmotic regulation under osmotic stress, which is confi rmed, in particular, at the level of proline accumulation. It was shown that the application of colloidal solutions of metal nanoparticles induced an antioxidant protection system and reduced the oxidative processes, which are inevitable effects of drought. The obtained results indicate that common wheat cultivars are more susceptible to drought compared to emmer wheat of cv. Holikovska.

scholarly journals Population structure of Triticum aestivum L. of the Steppe of Ukraine at the storage protein loci in different periods of breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
N. O. Kozub ◽  
O. I. Sozinov ◽  
V. M. Chaika ◽  
H. Ya. Bidnyk ◽  
N. O. Demianova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

Aim. Frequencies of alleles at storage protein loci and the population structure were studied in groups of winter common wheat cultivars developed in different periods of time in the leading breeding center of the Steppe of Ukraine, the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (PBGI). Methods. Storage protein allele frequencies were analyzed in 167 PBGI cultivars divided into three groups based on the registration time: before 1996, from 1996 till 2010, an after 2010. APAG electrophoresis of gliadins was performed by the procedure of Kozub et al. 2009. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits were analyzed by SDS-electrophoresis according to Laemmli. The population structure was studied using the STRUCTURE software. Results. Changes in the population structure of PBGI cultivars were revealed: in the group of cultivars developed after 2010, the change of the predominant cluster took place in comparison with the cultivars released before 1996. Changes of frequencies of certain alleles at the studied loci in groups of cultivars developed in different periods of time were correlated with changes of the average annual temperature in the periods of development of these cultivars. Conclusions. Temporal changes of frequencies of certain alleles at storage protein loci are most probably caused by global warming. The increase in the contribution of germplasm from regions with higher temperatures may be expected for breeding of common wheat cultivars ins the Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: common wheat, alleles, gliadins, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, global warming.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLIADIN ELECTROPHORETIC BANDS AND QUALITY IN COMMON WHEAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. POGNA ◽  
G. BOGGINI ◽  
M. CORBELLINI ◽  
M. CATTANEO ◽  
A. DAL BELIN PERUFFO
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Twenty common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were classified into two groups based on the presence or absence in their electrophoregrams of two gliadin bands separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two groups were compared for quality and agronomic characteristics evaluated during 6 yr of testing. The group 1 cultivars (band 40 present, 43.5 absent) had weaker gluten properties and lower loaf volume than cultivars in group 2 (band 40 absent, 43.5 present). No significant difference between the groups was found for protein content or grain yield. The present data are discussed in relation to similar results obtained by other authors for durum wheat cultivars.

Quality analysis and prospects for use of lupin seeds of Belarusian selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Rukshan ◽  
Alena Navazhilova ◽  
Dmitry Kudin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Lupin Seeds

The paper investigates technological parameters of the quality of low-alkaloid lupin of five cultivars selected and grown in the Republic of Belarus during the years from 2007 to 2017. Prospects for the use of the obtained seeds have been studied. This study reveals great influence of cultivar and climatic conditions during growth of lupin seeds on correlation of anatomic parts in seeds as well as on their physical properties. Cultivar of lupin seeds Jan is recommended for whole grain flour and graded flour production based on its anatomic composition, uniformity and physical properties. A comparative analysis of chemical composition, quality parameters and technological properties of lupin flour has been done. The chemical composition of lupin flour, of whole grain lupin flour, in particular, has been found to be relatively low in starch, high in protein, food fibers, minerals and organic acids. As a result, whole grain lupin flour has been proved to have higher food value when compared to traditional wheat flour. This paper demonstrates the difference between lupin flour characteristics and those of wheat flour in terms of color, acidity, enzymatic activity and adsorbing properties. This study reveals the possibility of use of lupin flour in bakery products by substituting traditional types of flour with lupin flour at 10-30% levels, as well as by replacing egg products with lupin flour at 25-50% levels. The work highlights the use of lupin flour at the stages of dough kneading, dough preparation, foam and emulsion production mainly by using rapid dough making methods.Practical applicationsRecommendations have been made on the usage of lupin flour in the technological process of bakery products manufacturing, macaroni and flour confectionery products production.

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