Extraction and Determination of Physico-chemical Properties of Oil from Watermelon Seeds (Citrullus lanatus L) to Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681
Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Dragos Tutunea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical properties of watermelon seeds and oil and to find out if this oil is suitable and compatible with diesel engines. The results showed that the watermelon seeds had the maximum length (9.08 mm), width (5.71mm), thickness (2.0 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (5.59 mm), geometrical mean diameter (4.69 mm), sphericity (51.6%), surface area (69.07), volume 0.17 cm3 and moisture content 5.4%. The oil was liquid at room temperature, with a density and refractive index of 0.945 and 1.4731 respectively acidity value (1.9 mgNaOH/g), free fatty acid (0.95 mgNaOH), iodine value (120 mgI2/100g), saponification value (180 mgKOH/g), antiradical activity (46%), peroxide value (7.5 mEqO2/Kg), induction period (6.2 h), fatty acid: palmitic acid (13.1%), stearic acid (9.5 %), oleic acid (15.2 %) and linoleic acid (61.3%). Straight non food vegetable oils can offer a solution to fossil fuels by a cleaner burning with minimal adaptation of the engine. A single cylinder air cooled diesel engine Ruggerini RY 50 was used to measure emissions of various blends of watermelon oil (WO) and diesel fuel (WO10D90, WO20D80, WO30D70 and WO75D25). The physic-chemical properties of the oil influence the combustion process and emissions leading to the reduction of NOX and the increase in CO, CO2 and HC.

scholarly journals Engineering Process Of Deodorization To Improve Product Quality Of Red Palm Oil With Rich Of Carotene

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Mursalin Mursalin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Odor Intensity ◽  
Process Duration ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical

Efforts to develop the production technology of high quality red palm-oil (RPO) in order to provide source of food ingredient that naturally rich of nutrients, become urgents regarding the need of such products drastically increased recently. Application of deodorization technology by temperature, time, and deodorizer pressure combinations (engineering of deodorization process) are studied and evaluated to obtain good quality of RPO. Crude palm oil (CPO) used in this research were supplied by PT. Salim Ivomas (Bimoli) Jakarta. The equipments used were degumming and neutralization unit, deodorization unit and other equipment units to analize the oil physico-chemical properties. The research consisted of 5 stages as the following: characterising CPO physico-chemical properties, conducting chemically degumming and deacidification, process enginering of deodorization, characterizing of physico-chemical properties and organoleptic of RPO resulted, and analyzing data for product resulted from process engineering applied. Deodorization with the range of temperature and process duration of 135–145 oC (408–418 K) and 1–4 hours have led to carotene retention decreasing (%) following the equation “Carotene Retention (%) = -764 x ln(absolute temperature) + 4693” and process duration with the equation “Carotene Retention (%) = -7.81 x ln(process duration) + 91.02”; and also resulted odor intensity with the equation “Odor Intensity = 0.08 x (squared absolute temperature) – 66.88 x (absolute temperature) + 13823” and duration process with the equation “Odor Intensity = 0.315 x (squared process duration) – 1.52 x (process duration) + 5.268”. Effective deodorization to produce RPO with the content of free fatty acid and peroxide value that met the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) quality of carotene content above 400 ppm and odor scale below 3.3, were the combination of temperature (T) of 141.34 oC, heat process duration (t) of 2.35 hours and vacuum pressure of (P) of 20 mmHg. The resulted RPO contained free fatty acid and peroxide value of 0.11% dan 0.12 meq/kg oil respectively, total carotene of 444.09 ppm and odor value of 3.21  

scholarly journals Impact of Simulated Biogas Compositions (CH4 and CO2) on Vibration, Sound Pressure and Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7037
Author(s):  
Donatas Kriaučiūnas ◽  
Tadas Žvirblis ◽  
Kristina Kilikevičienė ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Positive Correlation

Biogas has increasingly been used as an alternative to fossil fuels in the world due to a number of factors, including the availability of raw materials, extensive resources, relatively cheap production and sufficient energy efficiency in internal combustion engines. Tightening environmental and renewable energy requirements create excellent prospects for biogas (BG) as a fuel. A study was conducted on a 1.6-L spark ignition (SI) engine (HR16DE), testing simulated biogas with different methane and carbon dioxide contents (100CH4, 80CH4_20CO2, 60CH4_40CO2, and 50CH4_50CO2) as fuel. The rate of heat release (ROHR) was calculated for each fuel. Vibration acceleration time, sound pressure and spectrum characteristics were also analyzed. The results of the study revealed which vibration of the engine correlates with combustion intensity, which is directly related to the main measure of engine energy efficiency—break thermal efficiency (BTE). Increasing vibrations have a negative correlation with carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, but a positive correlation with nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Sound pressure also relates to the combustion process, but, in contrast to vibration, had a negative correlation with BTE and NOx, and a positive correlation with emissions of incomplete combustion products (CO, HC).

Determination of physico chemical properties of biodiesel from Citrullus lanatus seeds oil and diesel blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sani ◽  
M.U. Kaisan ◽  
D.M. Kulla ◽  
A.I. Obi ◽  
A. Jibrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Cocozone Oil as Skin Care Ingredient

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.32) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Enjarlis . ◽  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Yenny Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ozonation Process

Cocozone Oil (CCO) is one of the ozonated oils, obtained by the ozonation process of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), that can be used as a material for skin care products. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the optimum time and ozone dose for CCO synthesis from VCO using ozonation; (2) the changes in physico-chemical properties of the oil; (3) the change in saturated-unsaturated fatty acids content and the existence any new substances in the CCO. The ozonation of VCO was carried out for 25 hours, with monitoring at the intervals of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 25 hours, at a constant temperature (25 °C) with an ozone flow of 0.25 g/hr. From this study it can be concluded that: (1) The optimal time or dose of ozone required for the synthesis of CCO from VCO through the ozonation process was 25 hours or equivalent to 0.0208 gr O3/ml VCO, (2) Physico-chemical characteristics of the CCO produced: resulting acid value (AV) was 2.71 mg/gram i.e. an increase of 630%; the peroxide value (PV) obtained was 238,77 mgrek/kg i.e. increase  of 3,453 %; the Iodine value (IV) was 0 (zero) i.e. a decrease of 100%; and, the viscosity was 13.30 centipoice i.e. it rose 116%; (3) the total content of saturated fatty acid increased by 3.34%  whereas the unsaturated fatty acid decreased by 98.83; and based on the analysis results of 13C and 1H NMR spectra, the resultant CCO contains a new substance, that is aldehydes.  

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741985910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Rubio-Gómez ◽  
Lis Corral-Gómez ◽  
David Rodriguez-Rosa ◽  
Fausto A Sánchez-Cruz ◽  
Simón Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Flame Development ◽  
The Impact

In the last few years, increasing concern about the harmful effects of the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines has been observed. In addition, the limited availability of crude oil has driven the interest in alternative fuels, especially biofuels. In the context of spark ignition engines, bioalcohols are of great interest owing to their similarities and blend capacities with gasoline. Methanol and ethanol have been widely used, mainly due to their knocking resistance. Another alcohol of great interest is butanol, thanks to its potential of being produced as biofuel and its heat value closer to gasoline. In this study, a comparative study of gasoline–alcohol blend combustion, with up to 20% volume, with neat gasoline has been carried out. A single-cylinder, variable compression ratio, Cooperative Fuel Research-type spark ignition engine has been employed. The comparison is made in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and flame development angle. Relevant information related to the impact in the combustion process of the use of the three main alcohols used in blends with gasoline has been obtained.

scholarly journals Advancing predictive models for particulate formation in turbulent flames via massively parallel direct numerical simulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2022) ◽  
pp. 20130324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bisetti ◽  
Antonio Attili ◽  
Heinz Pitsch
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Turbulent Flames ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Combustion Modelling

Combustion of fossil fuels is likely to continue for the near future due to the growing trends in energy consumption worldwide. The increase in efficiency and the reduction of pollutant emissions from combustion devices are pivotal to achieving meaningful levels of carbon abatement as part of the ongoing climate change efforts. Computational fluid dynamics featuring adequate combustion models will play an increasingly important role in the design of more efficient and cleaner industrial burners, internal combustion engines, and combustors for stationary power generation and aircraft propulsion. Today, turbulent combustion modelling is hindered severely by the lack of data that are accurate and sufficiently complete to assess and remedy model deficiencies effectively. In particular, the formation of pollutants is a complex, nonlinear and multi-scale process characterized by the interaction of molecular and turbulent mixing with a multitude of chemical reactions with disparate time scales. The use of direct numerical simulation (DNS) featuring a state of the art description of the underlying chemistry and physical processes has contributed greatly to combustion model development in recent years. In this paper, the analysis of the intricate evolution of soot formation in turbulent flames demonstrates how DNS databases are used to illuminate relevant physico-chemical mechanisms and to identify modelling needs.

scholarly journals Studies on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Siyal Kanta (Argemone mexicana linn) Seed Oil

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gm Ahmed ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MR Zaman ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Silicic Acid Column ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Silicic Acid Column Chromatography ◽  
Physico Chemical

The physico-chemical properties of the extracted oil were studied by the conventional methods. It was observed that Siyal Kanta grown under the soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains about 35% of pale yellow coloured oil. The total lipids were fractionated into three major lipid groups, neutral lipids, glycolipid and phospholipids by silicic acid column chromatography. Among the lipids, the neutral lipids were varied from 92.1-92.3%, glycolipid 5.5-5.8% and phospholipid 1.5-1.7% of the total oil of the lipid applied. The oil was also fractionated into mono-, di- and triglyceride by silicic acid column chromatography. The triglycerides were varied from 90.1-90.3%, diglycerides from 2.3-2.8% and monoglycerides from 1.5-1.8%. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids present in the oil were separated and found to be 14.2-14.5% and 84.2-84.8% respectively depending on the areas in which the plant grows. The fatty acid compositions of the oil were analyzed by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). The major fatty acids found in the oil were oleic acid (23%), linoleic acid (58%), palmetic acid (7%) and ricinoleic acid (10%). Key words: Siyal kanta seed oil; Glyceride; Lipid; Fatty acid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9607 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 561-564

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