Effect of Silica Particle Size on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Ceramic Composites

Ceramics hold all traditional, scientific and engineering raw materials or fabricated products used in different applications especially that performed at high temperatures through high-tempers. The remarkable progress made recently in the advancement of technology has related a prerequisite for a seriously huge number of parts with controlled porosity. In ceramic manufacturing, acquiring a porous item of such parameters and at the same time demonstrating appropriate mechanical strength isn`t a simple issue. The powder-mixing system was utilized to fabricate kaolin-silica fired composites. The main purpose of the paper was to prepare ceramic bodies rich in pores with the goal that it will have a lightweight structure. Different wt.% of silica having distinctive two-particle sizes are blended with kaolin, and afterwards, they shaped by semi-dry pressing in a hardened steel mould under 3-ton loads and sintered at four various temperatures, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 �C. Evaluating of composite`s physical properties showed that a good level of porosity was obtained, and it was extended; especially in mixtures contain a coarse particle size. These results are enhanced by acceptable evident comes from good apparent solid density and good strength.

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Physical and mechanical properties of ceramics from clays of the west of S. Paulo State, Brazil

Cerâmica ◽

10.1590/s0366-69132004000300015 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (315) ◽

pp. 268-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. R. Teixeira ◽

S. A. de Souza ◽

M. A. L. Nobre

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Linear Shrinkage ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Structural Ceramic ◽

The West ◽

Paulo State ◽

Apparent Color ◽

Dry Pressing

Clays and ceramics of interest to the structural ceramic industry were characterized. Some physical properties of ceramic masses formulated from artificial deposits exploited by the local industry were also analyzed. All materials investigated exhibit high contents of fine components (< 2 mum) and significant plasticity that is compatible with the presence of a great amount of clay minerals. Ceramic probes were prepared by dry pressing and fired at around 855 °C. Flexural strength, linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent color and weight loss were measured. In addition, the industrial applications of these raw materials were reviewed and newest potential uses proposed.

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Baryshok. Enriching colour range of ceramic shapes on clay-based materials of low quality

The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal ◽

10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-3-318-329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 318-329

Author(s):

L. N. Tatski ◽

L. V. Ilina ◽

L. A. Baryshok

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Ceramic Shard ◽

Colour Palette ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Dry Pressing ◽

Wall Materials ◽

Clay Rocks

Introduction. This article discusses the possibility of expanding the colour palette of a ceramic shard. Due to the shortage of high-quality clay raw materials for the manufacture of plastic molded facing bricks, the problem of manufacturing ceramic wall materials by semi-dry pressing from low-quality clay rocks is urgent.Materials and methods. The main raw material was non-caking clay raw material with a low content of clay and a high content of silt particles. Some corrective additives were used to expand the colour palette of ceramic bricks. In the article, the authors used both standard methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties and modern methods for studying the phase composition of materials.Results. The possibility of enriching the colour range of a ceramic shard based on non-sintered clay raw materials has been experimentally confirmed, provided that the mixture contains flux additives. When receiving products with a clarified shard, light-colored flutes should be used.Conclusion. The possibility of enriching the colour range of a ceramic cap by adding white-burning clay, introducing bleaching and chromophore additives and technogenic products has been established. Due to the differences in the chemical composition of clay raw materials from individual deposits, an individual approach to each of them is required.

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Building Ceramics Based on Carbonate-Containing Raw Materials

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.910 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 284 ◽

pp. 910-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Victoria A. Gurieva ◽

Aleksandr V. Doroshin

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Technological Factor ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Racial Composition ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mathematical Planning ◽

Ceramic Shard ◽

Dry Pressing ◽

Clay Materials

The results of the production of wall ceramics based on the composition of low-melting argillaceous raw materials - loam and fuel slag in an amount of 10-30% by the method of semi-dry pressing are presented. Pre-baking and calcining properties of clay materials are investigated, the results of x-ray diffraction analysis and differential thermal analysis of the raw materials are given. The results obtained by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment made it possible to develop a model of ceramic bricks of the racial composition, to construct empirical dependencies in the system «technogenic product-technological factor-property» and to establish the influence of the addition of fuel slag on the basic physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics: strength, density, water absorption , shrinkage. The results of studies of the modifying role of the container glass in the processes of pyrogenic synthesis of clay-slag masses and its effect on the preparation of a ceramic shard of a racial composition with the required properties are shown.

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EFFECT OF SINTERING AND CORDIERITE ADDITIVES ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MULLITE BASED CERAMICS PREPARED FROM IRAQI RAW MATERIALS

Iraqi Geological Journal ◽

10.46717/igj.53.2f.4ms-2020-12-27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2F) ◽

pp. 49-64

Author(s):

Mojahid Najim

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Apparent Porosity ◽

Pressing Method ◽

Soaking Time ◽

Dry Pressing ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

The One

Mullite and cordierite are produced in the laboratory from Iraqi raw materials, have been crushed individually to obtain dense ceramic bodies to a particle size smaller than 45µ. Five mixtures of cordierite and mullite have been prepared in which cordierite has been added to mullite with the percentages of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 %. One hundred and twenty disk samples have been prepared using the semi-dry pressing method, with the pressure of 1000kg/cm2. The samples were dried and fired at different temperatures of 1300, 1350, 1400, and 1450 oC, with a soaking time of 2h. Physical evaluation tests (volume shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, and bulk density) in addition to mechanical evaluation tests (compressive strength) have been performed. Samples fired at 1400 oC showed the best rates for the evaluation tests in general, in which the apparent porosity and water absorption for the samples were very low while the rates of density and compressive strength were high. The characteristics of samples fired at 1450 oC were overall poor while samples containing 60 and 70 % cordierite were melted. The best samples in this investigation were proven to be the ones containing 30% cordierite and 70% mullite while samples made out of 40% cordierite and 60% mullite show good mechanical and physical characteristics. The best ideal sample was the one fired at 1400 oC and contained 30% cordierite and 70% mullite.

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Potential of Locally Available Clay as Raw Material for Traditional-Ceramic Manufacturing Industries

Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.3329/jce.v26i1.10179 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 34-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adnan Mousharraf ◽

Md Sazzad Hossain ◽

Md Fakhrul Islam

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

Raw Material ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Minimum Level ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Ceramic Manufacturing

The traditional white-ware manufacturing industries in Bangladesh use clay as the prime raw material which is mostly imported from abroad. The main reasons are the lack of proper clay refining technolo gy in the country and in some part the unsuitable chemical and structural composition of the locally available naturally occurring clays. Moreover, particle size has also been identified as a major challenge in processing of naturally available clay. These two vital aspects affect plasticity and strength of clay during their processing. The composition and particle size of locally available clay were investigated using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to reveal the potential of these clays for industrial purpose upon refining. XRF analysis showed presence of excess SiO2 content in the form of Silicate, Fe2O3 and TiO2; all of which pose a challenge in the refining process. Moreover the amount of Al2O3 in most of the compositions is also not up to the minimum level. Using the data based on statistics on particle sizes of raw materials of various origins, this experiment was aimed to reveal the composition and properties of locally available clay that can be projected for further refining to make suitable as raw material for whiteware industries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v26i1.10179 JCE 2011; 26(1): 34-37

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Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104972 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

C. J. Chan ◽

K. R. Venkatachari ◽

W. M. Kriven ◽

J. F. Young

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Shape Change ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Particle Size Effect ◽

Dicalcium Silicate ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Cell Shape Change ◽

Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

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Leaching Behaviour of Construction and Demolition Wastes and Recycled Aggregates: Statistical Analysis Applied to the Release of Contaminants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6265

Author(s):

Alessandra Diotti ◽

Giovanni Plizzari ◽

Sabrina Sorlini

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Primary Source ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Material Particle ◽

Analysis Methodology ◽

Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽

Leaching Behaviour

Construction and demolition wastes represent a primary source of new alternative materials which, if properly recovered, can be used to replace virgin raw materials partially or totally. The distrust of end-users in the use of recycled aggregates is mainly due to the environmental performance of these materials. In particular, the release of pollutants into the surrounding environment appears to be the aspect of greatest concern. This is because these materials are characterized by a strong heterogeneity which can sometimes lead to contaminant releases above the legal limits for recovery. In this context, an analysis of the leaching behaviour of both CDWs and RAs was conducted by applying a statistical analysis methodology. Subsequently, to evaluate the influence of the particle size and the volumetric reduction of the material on the release of contaminants, several experimental leaching tests were carried out according to the UNI EN 12457-2 and UNI EN 12457-4 standards. The results obtained show that chromium, mercury, and COD are the most critical parameters for both CDWs and RAs. Moreover, the material particle size generally affects the release of contaminants (i.e., finer particles showed higher releases), while the crushing process does not always involve higher releases than the sieving process.

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Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11030232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽

Eduardo Garzón ◽

Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽

George N. Angelopoulos ◽

Dolores Eliche-Quesada

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Mining Wastes ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

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Pyrophyllitic raw materials from the Kul’-Yurt-Tau deposit as a base for ceramic composites

Glass and Ceramics ◽

10.1007/s10717-012-9400-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 68 (11-12) ◽

pp. 405-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. S. Bakunov ◽

A. R. Murzakova ◽

R. U. Shayakhmetov ◽

L. V. Yakupova

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Ceramic Composites

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Alkali-Activated Zeolite 4A Granules—Characterization and Suitability Assessment for the Application of Adsorption

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11040360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Pauls P. Argalis ◽

Laura Vitola ◽

Diana Bajare ◽

Kristine Vegere

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Suitability Assessment ◽

Bet Analysis ◽

Zeolite 4A ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Alkali Activated

A major problem in the field of adsorbents is that binders (kaolin clay, bentonite) introduced to bind zeolites and ensure the needed mechanical strength, are not able to sorb gases like CO2 and N2, and decrease the overall adsorption capacity. To solve this problem, one of the pathways is to introduce a binder able to sorb such gases. Thus, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties of a novel binder based on metakaolin and its composite with zeolite 4A in the granular form were studied. Metakaolin was used as a precursor for alkali-activated binder, which was synthesized using an 8M NaOH activation solution. Raw materials were characterized using granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA); and final products were characterized using density measurements, a compressive strength test, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkali-activated metakaolin was found to be efficient as a binding material when data for morphological properties were analyzed. A relationship was observed—by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), compressive strength decreased. Zeolite granule attrition was higher than expected: 2.42% and 4.55% for ZG-0.8, 3.64% and 5.76% for ZG-1.0, and 2.73% and 4.85% for ZG-1.2, measured at 4 and 5 atmospheres, respectively.

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