scholarly journals ALGAE AS BIOINDICATORFOR POLLUTION OF TIGRIS RIVER BY INDUSTRIAL WASTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Zahraa Zahraw ◽  
Abdul-Hameed Al-Obaidy ◽  
Eman Shakir ◽  
Shaymaa Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study has been conducted during 2016, the samples were collected from discharge of General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry before and after treatment in Baghdad city. Some parameters were measured such as: Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolve Oxygen and Phosphate, all reading before treatment are very high but the readings degreased rapidly after treatment. In contrast, oxygen concentration before treatment was low and elevated after treatment so much until reaches to the optimal condition for all biological and chemical properties. In this study 37 species of algal were recorded. The dominant group by the large number of species was Bacillarariophyce (24 species) followed by Cyanophycea (6species), Chlorophayce (5 species), Euglenophyceae (1species). This study shows that species recorded in the this studyeventually will stilted in Tigris river as a result of the discharge processing of this facility, therefore, some species can be found in Tigris river basin come from General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry.

Identification of Amber and the Copal under Heat Pressurized Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 2112-2115
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Qin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Endothermic Peak ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Heat ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Amber and copal belong to the natural resin, which are similar and transitional in the physical and chemical properties. The artificial heat-pressurized treatment is contributed to the polymerization of the natural copal, and turns into green, yellow-green and deep orange-yellow copal. It is very difficult to identify amber from the heat- pressurized treatment copal only based on the gemological parameters.The thermal behavior of amber and the copal before and after heat-pressurized treatment were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results show that amber exists an evident endothermic peak around 123~132°C, and copal reveals an obvious endothermic peak at about 174~178°C, and the heat pressurized treatment copal occurs a clear exothermic peak around 150~152°C. The differences between endothermic or exothermic transition and peak position reveal occurring thermal oxidation or the bond breaking or the melting, which are of great significance in the identification.

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between landform classes and electrical conductivity (EC) of water and soil using a fuzzy model in a GIS environment

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-880
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Dinesh Sathyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Fuzzy Method ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil genesis is highly dependent on landforms as they control the erosional processes and the soil physical and chemical properties. The relationship between landform classification and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil and water in the northern part of Meharloo watershed, Fars province, Iran, was investigated using a combination of a geographical information system (GIS) and a fuzzy model. The results of the fuzzy method for water EC showed 36.6 % of the land to be moderately land suitable for agriculture; high, 31.69 %; and very high, 31.65 %. In comparison, the results of the fuzzy method for soil EC showed 24.31 % of the land to be as not suitable for agriculture (low class); moderate, 11.78 %; high, 25.74 %; and very high, 38.16 %. In total, the land suitable for agriculture with low EC is located in the north and northeast of the study area. The relationship between landform and EC shows that EC of water is high for the valley classes, while the EC of soil is high in the upland drainage class. In addition, the lowest EC levels for soil and water are in the plains class.

scholarly journals Produksi Biofuel Dari Limbah Cpo Dengan Katalis Berbasis Titanium Oksida Dan Implementasinya Pada Pembelajaran Kimia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Nurlia Latifah ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
Rina Elvia
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Tio2 Catalyst ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Conversion of CPO waste into biofuel is one of the efforts to find alternative energy to overcome Indonesia's energy crisis. The resulting methyl ester was further processed into biofuel by cracking process with Ni/TiO2 and Co/TiO2 catalysts at temperature > 350oC for 2.5 hours followed by distillation. Educational research was done by doing the learning process by using biofuel module. The optimum biofuel yield was obtained from cracking methyl ester with 5% Ni/TiO2 catalyst and 3% Co/TiO2 catalyst respectively of 66,67 and 61,90%. The physical and chemical properties of cracked biofuels with Ni/TiO2 and Co/ TiO2 catalysts have complied with ASTM standards for biofuel except acid numbers. There is an increase in student learning outcomes before and after using the module. 

scholarly journals Identifying Potential Leakage Zones in an Irrigation Supply Channel by Mapping Soil Properties Using Electromagnetic Induction, Inversion Modelling and a Support Vector Machine

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ehsan Zare ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Tibet Khongnawang ◽  
Mohammad Farzamian ◽  
John Triantafilis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Supply Channel ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The clay alluvial plains of Namoi Valley have been intensively developed for irrigation. A condition of a license is water needs to be stored on the farm. However, the clay plain was developed from prior stream channels characterised by sandy clay loam textures that are permeable. Cheap methods of soil physical and chemical characterisations are required to map the supply channels used to move water on farms. Herein, we collect apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from a DUALEM-421 along a 4-km section of a supply channel. We invert ECa to generate electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) using EM4Soil software and evaluate two-dimensional models of estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ—mS m−1) against physical (i.e., clay and sand—%) and chemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe—dS m−1) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC, cmol(+) kg−1). Using a support vector machine (SVM), we predict these properties from the σ and depth. Leave-one-site-out cross-validation shows strong 1:1 agreement (Lin’s) between the σ and clay (0.85), sand (0.81), ECe (0.86) and CEC (0.83). Our interpretation of predicted properties suggests the approach can identify leakage areas (i.e., prior stream channels). We suggest that, with this calibration, the approach can be used to predict soil physical and chemical properties beneath supply channels across the rest of the valley. Future research should also explore whether similar calibrations can be developed to enable characterisations in other cotton-growing areas of Australia.

scholarly journals Interferons: Purification and Physicochemical Aspects

1970 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Fantes
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
High Purification ◽  
Interferon Activity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Very High ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Antiviral interferon activity in any one species can be exhibited by a variety of substances that differ in their physical and chemical properties, but the nature of these differences is not understood. Conditions that can lead to the formation of diverse types of interferons have been outlined. Reasons have been adduced why, for certain purposes, purification of interferons is desirable or even necessary, and examples have been presented to show how and to what extent this has been achieved. In spite of some very high purification factors, not a single interferon has been obtained as a pure substance. Therefore, all available knowledge of physical and chemical properties has been obtained by indirect means.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alkalization and Temperature on Ammonia Recovery from Cow Manure and the Chemical Properties of the Effluents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed-Nour ◽  
Mohamed Al-Sewailem ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Total Potassium

Manure is a substantial source of ammonia volatilization into the atmosphere before and after soil application. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of temperature and alkalization treatments on the release of ammonia and ammonia recovery (AR) from cow manure and to characterize the chemical properties of the resultant effluents. In a closed glass reactor, 100 g of fresh cow manure was mixed with 100 mL of deionized water and the mixture was treated with various volume of KOH to increase the manure pH to 7, 9, and 12. Ammonia was distilled from the mixture at temperatures of 75, 85, 95, and 100 °C for a maximum of 5 h. Ammonia was received as diluted boric and sulfuric acids. Results indicated that the highest ammonia recovery was 86.3% and 90.2%, which were achieved at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 100 and 95 °C, respectively. The recovered ammonia in boric acid was higher than in sulfuric acid, except at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 95 and 100 °C. The effluents, after ammonia was removed, showed that the variation in pH ranged between 6.30 and 9.38. The electrical conductivity ranged between 4.5 and 9. (dS m−1) and total potassium ranged between 9.4 and 57.2 mg kg−1.

Extremely high diversity of euglenophytes in a small pond in eastern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Poniewozik ◽  
Josef Juráň
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Very High ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Background and aims – Phytoplankton samples were taken from a periodic, small and very shallow former clay-pit pond in eastern Poland near Lublin city. Diversity of the euglenophyte community was assessed during the period 2002–2004 and in 2014. Methods – Water samples were collected with a 20 µm plankton net and with a slime aspirator (20 ml capacity) from the surface of the bottom. One aliquot of each sample was fixed for SEM observation; the fresh part of the sample was analysed using light microscope. Physical and chemical properties of the water (pH, temperature, conductivity, phosphates and ammonium salt contents) were measured. Diversity indices were calculated (Shannon-Wiener, evenness, Margalef and Simpson) and UPGMA cluster analysis was applied to discern differences among euglenoid assemblages.Key results – In total, 63 euglenophyte taxa were found. The euglenophyte community was dominated by species belonging to the Trachelomonas genus (29 taxa). The most abundant and constant component were widespread and common species such as T. caudata, T. hispida, T. intermedia, T. volvocina and T. volvocinopsis. They usually occurred in very high densities. We also found some rarely reported euglenophytes including Euglena granulata, Trachelomonas lemmermannii, and T. sydneyensis. Conclusions – Euglenophytes were, with a few exceptions, the only group inhabiting the pond. Representatives of other groups such as diatoms or Scenedesmus species were recorded only occasionally. Nearly half of the taxa that were recorded in the first period (2002–2004) were found again after ten years. Of special concern was taxa belonging to the genus Trachelomonas. Trachelomonads, although known to represent taxa preferring waters moderately rich in nutrients, were very numerous in the investigated pond, which was enriched in phosphorus and nitrogen compounds.

Composting winery wastes with clinoptilolite. Suitability for land application.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chronis Kolovos ◽  
Maria Doula ◽  
Stamatios Kavasilis ◽  
Georgios Zagklis ◽  
Gerasimos Tsitselis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Winery Waste ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Soil application of raw winery wastes is a procedure of doubtful appropriateness, mainly because of waste properties, i.e. very acidic pH; high electrical conductivity; and high content of polyphenols. The disposal of winery waste on soils may cause various environmental and health hazards as for example soil overloading with polyphenols and salts, phytotoxicity to plants, odor nuisance etc. Pathogens, which may still be present in the decomposed material could spread plants and soil diseases, while waste piles attract insects, pests, domestic rodents and wildlife which may threaten public and animal health. Despite these facts, many wine producers discharge winery waste to the nearby agricultural or forest ecosystems, without treatment although this type of agricultural waste could be a significant source of organic matter and nutrients.</p><p> </p><p>In general, degradation of winery waste is a slow procedure which becomes even slower under the xerothermic climatic conditions in Greece, which may slow down the microbially mediated decomposition of organic matter and nutrients cycling; degradation of winery waste piles takes more than 5 years to be completed naturally. However, the final products are of doubtful appropriateness for fertilization use, mainly because of low quality organic matter and low nutrients content (lost mainly due to the exposure of piles to uncontrolled environmental conditions for years).</p><p> </p><p>This study aims to highlight the advantages of composting winery wastes by using also other agricultural wastes and additives as feedstock to produce a safe and environment friendly compost, appropriate for application to agricultural ecosystems. For this a 41 hectares vineyard in North Greece of about 400 tn grapes yield annually and generation of approximately 100 tn of waste was selected. Winery waste was collected after harvesting and wine-making period of 2018 and composted with cow manure, wheat straw and clinoptilolite up to 5%.</p><p> </p><p>Composting phase lasted 5 months, and during this period the pile was monitored as regard temperature, moisture and oxygen content. After composting completion, the final product was fully characterized in terms of its physical and chemical properties, considering national legislation organic materials reuse on soils. The outcomes of this study show a great potential for managing such waste types by composting using clinoptilolite in the feedstock materials since the final product has suitable physical and chemical properties for many crops, i.e. slight alkaline pH, low electrical conductivity, low polyphenol content and high content of available nutrient, therefore can be used as soil amendment or organic fertilizer.</p>

scholarly journals Semen characteristics of breeding bulls at the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
ME Hossain ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
OF Miazi
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The experiment was conducted on 97 breeding bulls at the central cattle breeding and dairy farm, Savar, Dhaka to find out the physical and chemical properties of different bull semen. Out of 97 bulls, 9 were Local (L), 9 were Friesian (F), 13 were Sahiwal (SL), 12 were Local×Friesian (L×F), 10 were Sahiwal×Friesian (SL×F), 26 were Local×Friesian×Friesian (LF1×F), 18 were Local×Friesian× Friesian×Friesian (LF2×F) bulls. The semen of different crossbred and local bulls was examined for ejaculate volume, concentration, pH and motility percent of sperm before and after freezing. It was observed that, the maximum average ejaculate was obtained from SL×F and the mean value was 12.9 ml. However, the minimum average ejaculate was obtained from LF×F and the mean value was 7.4 ml. Before freezing, the maximum average sperm concentration was obtained from SL and the mean value was 1858.4 million/ml. The minimum average sperm concentration was obtained from LF1×F and the mean value was 1286.6 million/ml. The maximum average pH was obtained from LF2×F and the mean value was 6.5. The maximum average motility was obtained from SL and the mean value was 68.8%. However, the minimum average motility was obtained from L×F and the mean value was 63.7%. After freezing, sperm concentration, pH and motility reduced substantially irrespective of type of breed. It could therefore be inferred that freezing of semen should be undertaken with special care to maintain optimum semen quality.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11968

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK BOKASIH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KESUBURAN FISIK DAN KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN PEMBUDIDAYAAN TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum MILL.)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Paulus O Lana ◽  
Charly Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Soil Pore Space ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Very High ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study aims to determine the effect of bokashi fertilizer dosage on the physical and chemical properties of soil on tomato plants and the optimum dose of bokashi fertilizer which can provide the best influence on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The research design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor pattern consisting of five treatments namely B0 = 0 tons ha-1 bokashi fertilizer (control), B1 = 5 tons ha-1 bokashi fertilizer, B2 = 10 tons ha-1 bokashi fertilizer, B3 = 15 tons ha-1 bokashi fertilizer, B4 = 20 tons ha-1 bokashi fertilizer. The observation variables in this study were soil volume/bulk density (gr /cm3), total soil pore space (%), N- total soil, available P-soil, available K-soil, soil C-organic, and soil pH. The results showed that the administration of bokashi fertilizer was able to improve the physical properties of soil in tomato plants, namely the weight of the soil volume decreased by 1,120 gr / cm³, water holding capacity increased by 30.24%, and soil pore space increased by 57.74%, so that the soil aggregate became good Giving doses of bokashi fertilizer can improve soil chemical properties in tomato plants, namely C-organic 0.91% very low, N-total soil 0.32% medium, P-available 37.25 ppm very high, and K-available 425.64 ppm very high and soil pH to 6.81 neutral. The supply of 20 tons/ha of bokashi fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical properties optimally in tomato plants.

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