scholarly journals Anticarcinogenic activity of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves is attributed to the presence of phenolics compounds and the activation of endogenous antioxidant system

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria ◽  
◽  
Noorsyaza Eddrina Kamsani ◽  
Roro Azizah ◽  
Lilis Sulistyorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Melastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) extracts have been reported to exert various pharmacological activities including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. The objective of the present study was to determine the anticarcinogenic activity of its methanol extract (MEMM) against the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced early colon carcinogenesis in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=6) namely normal control, negative control, and treatment (50, 250 or 500 mg/kg of MEMM) groups. Colon tissues were harvested for histopathological analysis and endogenous antioxidant system determination. MEMM was also subjected to HPLC analysis. Findings showed that MEMM significantly (p<0.05) reversed the AOM-induced carcinogenicity by: i) reducing the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon tissues, and; ii) enhancing the endogenous antioxidant activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Moreover, various phenolics has been identified in MEMM. In conclusion, MEMM exerts the in vivo anticarcinogenic activity via the activation of endogenous antioxidant system and synergistic action of phenolics.

Chemotherapeutic effect of Berberis integerrima hydroalcoholic extract on colon cancer development in the 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine rat model

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Mohammadi Malayeri ◽  
Abolfazl Dadkhah ◽  
Faezeh Fatemi ◽  
Salome Dini ◽  
Fatemeh Torabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Reducing Ability

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a Berberis integerrima hydroalcoholic extract as a chemotherapeutic agent in colon carcinogenesis in the rat induced by 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH). Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: a negative control group without DMH treatment; a control group injected DMH (20 mg/kg b.w); two groups receiving B. integerrima extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w), concomitant with injected DMH, as chemotherapeutic groups; a positive control group receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) along with DMH. The effects of the extracts were determined by assessment of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 (GST and CYP450). Additionally, colon tissues were assessed for colonic β-catenin and histopathological analysis. In DMH-treated rats, the extracts partially normalized the levels of FRAP, CYP450, β-catenin, and GST. Likewise, formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon tissue of DMH-treated was reduced by the extracts. Thus, the extracts possess chemotherapeutic activity against colon carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Euterpe edulis pulp products and your effect on liver and kidney of in vivo model of colorectal cancer: Histopathological analysis / Produtos da polpa de Euterpe edulis e seus efeitos no fígado e nos rins em modelo in vivo de câncer colorretal: Análise histopatológica

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 99446-99464
Author(s):  
Flávia Barbosa Pinto ◽  
Cinthia Vidal Monteiro da Silva Couto ◽  
Anderson Barros Archanjo ◽  
Mayara Mota Oliveira ◽  
Joaquim Gasparini Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The objective was to report the injuries on liver and kidney promoted by experimental colorectal carcinogenesis induction in rats and evaluate the effect of supplementation with Euterpe edulis M. pulp products on resolution of this injuries. Colorectal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was induced in young male rats, allocated into: C - induced to carcinogenesis; CJ - induced to carcinogenesis and supplemented with juçara fruit pulp; and CE - induced to carcinogenesis and supplemented with juçara fruit lyophilized extract. Nine animals were a negative control. Supplementation occurred three times a week, totaling 54 days of administration with 1 mg of cyanidin-3-glycoside per kilogram live weight. The hepatic and renal histopathological injuries were assessed at 10 and 23 weeks. In liver, at 10-week biliary hyperplasia was more evident in colorectal cancer induced groups compared to N group (p = 0.0230), as well as megalocytosis (p = 0.0269), and juçara fruit-based product do not promote cytoprotection. At 23-week biliary hyperplasia continued present, and liver necrosis was evident in C group and CJ group. Hepatic degeneration was greater in C group, and megalocytosis was evident in the cancer-induced groups, without cytoprotection by juçara fruit-based product. In kidney, at 23-week, renal congestion was more evident in CJ group, and tubular degeneration in C and CE groups. Important hepatic and renal injuries were observed in rats induced to colorectal cancer and the supplementation with juçara fruit-based product, in the dose used, did not interfere in the prevention and resolution of these injuries, mainly with the chronic use.

Toxicogenomic Analysis of Cardiotoxicity in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. GEI.S851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Hirakawa ◽  
Bart A. Jessen ◽  
Oscar Illanes ◽  
Ann de Peyster ◽  
Thomas McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Control Compound

Evidence of cardiotoxicity in the preclinical testing of drugs will often lead to compound attrition. The standard method for identifying cardiotoxic compounds involves histopathological analysis of tissue sections, a resource intensive process. In an effort to reduce attrition and capture safety endpoints early within the drug discovery paradigm, a more rapid assessment of target organ effects is desired. Here we describe the results of a preliminary study in which a group of common genes were affected by in vivo exposure to compounds known to cause dose-dependant cardiotoxicity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of digoxin (20 mg/kg), doxorubicin (30 mg/kg), isoproterenol (70 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) or carbon tetrachloride (800 mg/kg) and euthanized either 6 or 24 hours post-dose. Digoxin, doxorubicin, isoproterenol, and lipopolysaccharide were chosen for this study based on their diverse mechanisms of cardiotoxicity. Carbon tetrachloride, a known liver toxicant, was chosen as a non-cardiotoxic negative control. Genes commonly affected by all four cardiotoxic compounds were grouped together as a list of potential biomarkers. Gene expression changes were subsequently quantified using quantitative PCR. These genes were compared to those affected by novel experimental compounds previously shown to cause cardiotoxicity in rats. These compounds also affected over half of the genes on the biomarker list, whereas the non-cardiotoxic control compound did not affect any genes on the biomarkers list. These data indicate that measuring changes in gene expression could aid in the prioritization of compounds before they are tested in more resource intensive studies.

scholarly journals In vivo Anticancer Activity on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium guajava Bark Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Md Jakir Hossain ◽  
Shashwata Biswas ◽  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Sohidul Islam ◽  
Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Eac Cells

This study was performed to evaluate the in vivo anticancer activity against ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava bark extracts. By soxhlet apparatus, the P. guajava bark extracts were obtained using four solvents (n-hexane, petroleum benzene, chloroform, and methanol) according to their increasing solubility. In case of in vivo anticancer activity of the sample extracts, mice were seeded with approximately 1x105 ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. After seven days of consecutive treatment, the negative and positive control groups (n=8 each group) showed an average EAC cell count of 2.4x108 and 1.8x108 respectively, and the experimental groups showed the cell count of 2.2x 108, 2.1x108, 1.9x108, and 1.41x108 when mice received h-hexane, petroleum benzene, chloroform, and methanol extract respectively. Experimental group that received methanol extract showed percent increase of life span (% ILS) of 33.3 when compared with the negative control. However, treatment in a cyclic manner of the mice showed % ILS of 52.15 for experimental group when compared negative control. In antimicrobial activity experiment, an intermediate zone of sensitivity of the crude methanol extract was found against Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Staphylococcus aureus when compared with amoxicillin. All these results indicated the anticancer activity and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of P. guajava barks on different experimental models. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 79-81

scholarly journals Abnormal Savda Munziq, an Herbal Preparation of Traditional Uighur Medicine, May Prevent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-Induced Rat Colon Carcinogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdiryim Yusup ◽  
Halmurat Upur ◽  
Anwar Umar ◽  
Benedicte Berke ◽  
Dilxat Yimit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Abnormal Savda ◽  
Abnormal Savda Munziq

The study tried to assess the chemoprotective effect of abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Male F344 rats were randomized into eight groups: Group 1 was served as control, no DMH injection was given and treated daily with normal saline. Rats in Groups 2–8 were given a single intraperitoneal injection of DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) at the beginning of the study. Group 2 was served as negative control, administered with normal saline until the end of the experiment after the single DMH injection. Groups 3–5 were served as pretreatment group, administered with ASMq ethanol extract at 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, until the 45th day, continued by normal saline administration for another 45 days. Groups 6–8 were served as the treatment group, administered with normal saline for the first 45 days from the day of DMH injection, ASMq ethanol extract at three different doses to be administered until the end of the second 45th day. All rats were sacrificed at 91st day and the colons were analyzed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and crypt multiplicity. Results showed that ASMq ethanol extract reduced the number of ACF, AC and crypt multiplicity significantly (P< .05). It suggested that ASMq ethanol extract had chemoprotective effects on DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis, by suppressing the development of preneoplastic lesions, and probably exerted protection against the initiation and promotion steps of colon carcinogenesis.

In vivo Antioxidant and Hepato-Protective Properties of Stem Bark Methanol Extract of Vitex doniana

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Simon C. Mailafiya ◽  
Sherifat O. Kolawole ◽  
Abdulazeez K. Adeniyi ◽  
Bala A. Muhammed ◽  
Abdulfatai Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Vitex Doniana

Abstract The harmful effects that accompany the use of orthodox antioxidant medicine have necessitated the hunt for inherent antioxidants from plants extracts. In the present study, the in vivo antioxidant and hepato-protective activities of Vitex doniana against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats were investigated. The hepato-protective activities of the methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark were compared with Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Twenty-five (25) male albino adult rats were grouped into five (5) each. Group 1 and 2 was used as the normal and negative control respectively. Group 3-5 were treated with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark and 100 mg/kg Silymarin respectively. Results indicated that elevated levels of serum ALT, AST and ALB, and reduced serum SOD, GST and CAT in CCl4-hepatotoxic rats was an evidence of impairment in liver function. Administration of methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and standard control drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg) have no significant (P>0.05) effect on CCl4- induced elevations of the ALT and AST levels while the reduction in albumin concentration, total proteins, SOD, GST and CAT due to CCl4 was reversed. In conclusion, Vitex doniana exhibited significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in CCL4 induced liver damage in rat, and thus could be used and incorporated in the development of new and effective antioxidant drugs.

scholarly journals Methanol extract of Dicranopteris linearis L. leaves impedes acetaminophen-induced liver intoxication partly by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria ◽  
Farah Hidayah Kamisan ◽  
Maizatul Hasyima Omar ◽  
Nur Diyana Mahmood ◽  
Fezah Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Dicranopteris Linearis ◽  
Liver Intoxication

scholarly journals Overexpression of Protein Kinase C βII Induces Colonic Hyperproliferation and Increased Sensitivity to Colon Carcinogenesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole R. Murray ◽  
Laurie A. Davidson ◽  
Robert S. Chapkin ◽  
W. Clay Gustafson ◽  
Diane G. Schattenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Kinase C

Protein kinase C βII (PKC βII) has been implicated in proliferation of the intestinal epithelium. To investigate PKC βII function in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress PKC βII in the intestinal epithelium. Transgenic PKC βII mice exhibit hyperproliferation of the colonic epithelium and an increased susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci, preneoplastic lesions in the colon. Furthermore, transgenic PKC βII mice exhibit elevated colonic β-catenin levels and decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity, indicating that PKC βII stimulates the Wnt/adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/β-catenin proliferative signaling pathway in vivo. These data demonstrate a direct role for PKC βII in colonic epithelial cell proliferation and colon carcinogenesis, possibly through activation of the APC/β-catenin signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Annona crassiflora Mart. fruit pulp effects on biochemical parameters and rat colon carcinogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Paula Venâncio ◽  
Eric Batista Ferreira ◽  
Maísa Ribeiro Pereira Lima Brigagão ◽  
Fernanda Borges de Araújo Paula ◽  
Luis Fernando Barbisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Commercial Diet

A. crassiflora Mart. a Brazilian savannah fruit, is a source of phytochemical compounds that possess a wide array of biological activities, including free radical scavenging. This native fruit proved to potentialize the mutagenic process in previous in vivo investigations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of A. crassiflora Mart. pulp intake on colonic cell proliferation and on the development of Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) in male Wistar rats. The animals were fed with either a commercial diet or a diet supplemented with A. crassiflora Mart. pulp mixed in 1%, 10% or 20% (w/w) for 4 weeks or 20 weeks. The carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (4 doses, 40 mg kg-1 each) was used to induce colonic ACF. After euthanasia, the blood, liver and colon samples were collected for biochemical determinations, oxidative stress or ACF development analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses of the colonic mucosa were performed using antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in normal-appearing colonic crypt and β-catenin in ACF. There was no ACF development in the colon from groups treated with A. crassiflora Mart. pulp. Also, the biochemical and oxidative stress analysis, PCNA labeling and ACF development (number, multiplicity or cellular localization of β-catenin) were unchanged as a result of marolo pulp intake. Thus, the present results suggest that A. crassiflora Mart. pulp intake did not exert any protective effect in the colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH in rats.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of 80% Methanol and Aqueous Bark Extracts of Terminalia brownii Fresen. (Combretaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Biruk ◽  
Biruk Sentayehu ◽  
Yonatan Alebachew ◽  
Wondmagegn Tamiru ◽  
Abebe Ejigu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Promising Source

Background. Despite a substantial scientific progress over the past two decades, malaria continues to be a worldwide burden. Evergrowing resistance towards the currently available antimalarial drugs is a challenge to combat malaria. Medicinal plants are a promising source of new drugs to tackle this problem. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the antiplasmodial activity of Terminalia brownii in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of 80% methanol and aqueous bark extracts of T. brownii against P. berghei in Swiss albino mice. Results. The in vivo acute toxicity test indicated that both extracts of T. brownii did not cause mortality. The 4-day early infection test revealed that the 80% methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited a significant inhibition of parasitemia p<0.001 compared to negative control. The maximum level of chemosuppression (60.2%) was exhibited at 400 mg/kg dose of 80% methanol extract. Moreover, the 80% methanol extract showed a significant p<0.001 attenuation of anemia associated with infection in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract, on the other hand, exhibited a percent inhibition of 51.1% at the highest dose (400 mg/kg/day). Conclusion. The present study indicated that hydromethanolic and aqueous bark extracts of T. brownii possess a promising antimalarial activity, with higher effect exhibited by the hydromethanolic extract.

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