scholarly journals Ketahanan Bisnis Perkeretaapian di Masa Pandemi COVID - 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Dwi Ardianta Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Closed Space ◽  
Closed Contact

Pembatasan operasional kereta api di masa pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada penurunan volume dan pendapatan angkutan penumpang KA di Indonesia sekitar 53%, sementara angkutan barang mengalami penurunan sekitar 5% dibandingkan tahun 2019. Kebijakan yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi dampak pandemi mencakup Optimasi Operasi yang berbasis efisiensi operasi, serta Adaptasi Pandemi yang berbasis minimalisasi kondisi 3C (Closed Space, Crowded Place, Closed Contact Setting). Dampak penerapan kebijakan tersebut perlu disimulasikan pengaruhnya terhadap biaya operasi (BO) dan pendapatan operasi (PO). Hasil perbandingan nilai PO dan BO (POBO), menjadi indikator seberapa kuat bisnis perkeretaapian mampu bertahan di masa pandemi. Nilai POBO di atas 1,0 menunjukkan bisnis masih mampu mencapai Break Event Point (BEP) yang berarti operator mampu mencapai pendapatan setara dengan biaya (tetap dan variabel). Titik kritis operasi perkeretaapian terjadi pada shutdown point yang menunjukkan pendapatan tidak mampu menutupi biaya tetap (fixed cost). Pada nilai shutdown point, bisnis perkeretaapian dikhawatirkan akan berhenti. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan nilai POBO kedua kebijakan adalah 1,08 (kebijakan optimasi) dan 1,09 (kebijakan adaptasi pandemi). Profil ini menunjukkan ketahanan bisnis perkeretaapian berada pada ambang batas nilai Break Event Point (BEP), jauh di bawah nilai POBO pada tahun-tahun sebelum. Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa dampak pandemi sangat signifikan terhadap cash flow perusahaan. Titik kritis shutdown point terjadi pada volume barang dan penumpang hingga sebesar 40% dibandingkan tahun 2019. Volume tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan kondisi saat ini yaitu volume penumpang sebesar 50,5% - 55,5%; serta volume barang sebesar 81,5% dibandingkan volume tahun 2019. Besaran ini menunjukkan bahwa bisnis perkeretaapian masih memiliki daya tahan sebelum mengalami titik kritis shutdown point.

Evaluating Gas Turbines for Process Applications: Economic Guides for the Decision Maker

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Koubek ◽  
J. M. Kovacik
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Supply Systems

The purpose of this paper is to discuss several economic factors commonly used in the evaluation of equipment for the industrial user. The effect of major operating and fixed cost variables is illustrated. Also included are several curves which permit rapid evaluation of net payout, end of period cumulative net cash flow, and discounted rate of return after Federal income taxes once the gross payout period has been established. The application of these economic factors and investment criteria are illustrated by use of an example comparing two energy supply systems for a process requiring both power and heat.

scholarly journals Analisis Penerimaan Pengguna Kereta Api terhadap Penerapan Protokol Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Taufiq Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Stated Preference ◽  
Closed Space ◽  
Closed Contact

Pandemi COVID–19 menyebabkan perlunya penerapan protokol kesehatan pada pengoperasian kereta api. Protokol kesehatan tersebut berbasis pada minimalisasi kondisi 3C (Closed Space, Crowded Place, Closed Contact Setting). Penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam operasional KA memerlukan penerimaan pengguna agar dapat berjalan secara efisien. Untuk mengetahui kemauan pengguna kereta api terhadap penerapan protokol kesehatan, dilakukan survei online dengan metode stated preference. Parameter yang diuji meliputi tarif, kelengkapan dokumen kesehatan, protokol di stasiun, protokol di kereta, serta protokol pribadi. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan tingginya penerimaan penumpang terhadap penerapan protokol Covid pada perkeretaapian, yang diperlihatkan dengan kemauan menggunakan kereta yang lebih tinggi pada penerapan protokol kesehatan secara ketat dibandingkan penerapan secara longgar. Kondisi ini terjadi pada kereta api antar kota maupun kereta Jabodetabek.  Kata kunci: pandemi, covid 19, stated preference, persepsi, kereta api

Dividend Payout Ratio: Persoalan Free Cashflow, Debt To Equity Ratio, Kepemilikan Institutional, Investment Opportunity, Dan Kesejahteraan Karyawan

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nurlis Azhar ◽  
Helmi Chaidir
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Employee Welfare ◽  
Equity Ratio

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Free Cash Flow Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Institutional Ownership, Employee Welfare and Price Earning Ratio (PER) to Divident Payout Ratio (Parliament) partially on manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2011-2015. In addition, to test the feasibility of regression model, the influence of Free Cash Flow Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Institutional Ownership, Employee Welfare and Price Earning Ratio (PER) to Divident Payout Ratio (DPR) simultaneously at manufacturing company listed on Bursa Indonesia Securities period 2011-2015. The population in this study are 146 manufacturing companies that have been and still listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2011-2013. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and obtained sample of 42 companies. Data analysis technique used is by using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that Free Cash Flow Ratio, no significant effect on Divident Payout Ratio (DPR). Debt Equity Ratio (DER) has a negative and significant influence on Divident Payout Ratio (DPR), Institutional Ownership has a significant positive effect on Divident Payout Ratio (DPR), Employee Welfare and Price Earning Ratio (PER) has a positive and significant influence on the Divident Payout Ratio ). Simultaneously Free Cash Flow Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Institutional Ownership, Employee Welfare and Price Earning Ratio (PER) give effect to Divident Payout Ratio. The prediction ability of the five variables to the Divident Payout Ratio (DPR) is 21.3% as indicated by the adjusted R square of 0.271 while the remaining 79.7% is influenced by other factors not included in the research model.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TRAVEL COMPANIES CASH FLOW

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Tarasova ◽  
Iryna Kovalevska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cash Flow

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Pengaruh Jumlah Dewan Komisaris, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Intensitas Modal, Cash Flow, Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Konservatisme (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2012-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Siti Suharni ◽  
Arini Wildaniyati ◽  
Dea Andreana
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Financial Reports

This study is aimed at examining the effects of the Number of Board of Commissioners, Leverage, Profitability, Capital Intensity, Cash Flow, and Company Size toward Conservatism in the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The population used in this study is the yearly financial statements on firm of manufacturing listed at BEI period 2012-2017, using purposive sampling method. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from yerly financial reports published and downloaded through the official BEI website. Data analyzed with Descriptive statistics, test of classic assumption and exmination of hypothesis with multiple linier regression method. The result of hypothesis research shows variable Profitability and Cash Flow have a significant effect on the ability of Conservatism, while the Number of Board of Commissioners, Leverage, Capital Intensity, and Company Size has no effect on the ability of Conservatism.

Hungarian small business tax and possibilities to minimize distortions from capital income taxation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (s1) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Benedek Nobilis ◽  
András Svraka
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Elegant Method ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
Working Out

Governments throughout the EU and OECD countries rely on revenues raised on capital income. Albeit several arguments can be made for keeping these taxes, in their widespread form they hinder capital accumulation and significantly lower potential growth due to their savings and investment distorting nature. At the same time, the actual economic impact of tax types is largely influenced by their structure. An elegant method, which is also simple in its concept, for eliminating the economic distortions of profit taxes is cash-flow taxation which moves income taxes closer to the more growth-friendly value-added taxes. The small business tax, which was introduced in Hungary in 2013, was designed along these principles. In this paper we review the theoretical literature on cash-flow taxation and discuss the main regulatory elements of the small business tax, as well as the solutions elaborated for working out the challenges related to its implementation.

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