Analisis Penerimaan Pengguna Kereta Api terhadap Penerapan Protokol Covid-19

Pandemi COVID–19 menyebabkan perlunya penerapan protokol kesehatan pada pengoperasian kereta api. Protokol kesehatan tersebut berbasis pada minimalisasi kondisi 3C (Closed Space, Crowded Place, Closed Contact Setting). Penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam operasional KA memerlukan penerimaan pengguna agar dapat berjalan secara efisien. Untuk mengetahui kemauan pengguna kereta api terhadap penerapan protokol kesehatan, dilakukan survei online dengan metode stated preference. Parameter yang diuji meliputi tarif, kelengkapan dokumen kesehatan, protokol di stasiun, protokol di kereta, serta protokol pribadi. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan tingginya penerimaan penumpang terhadap penerapan protokol Covid pada perkeretaapian, yang diperlihatkan dengan kemauan menggunakan kereta yang lebih tinggi pada penerapan protokol kesehatan secara ketat dibandingkan penerapan secara longgar. Kondisi ini terjadi pada kereta api antar kota maupun kereta Jabodetabek. Kata kunci: pandemi, covid 19, stated preference, persepsi, kereta api

Ketahanan Bisnis Perkeretaapian di Masa Pandemi COVID - 19

Pembatasan operasional kereta api di masa pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada penurunan volume dan pendapatan angkutan penumpang KA di Indonesia sekitar 53%, sementara angkutan barang mengalami penurunan sekitar 5% dibandingkan tahun 2019. Kebijakan yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi dampak pandemi mencakup Optimasi Operasi yang berbasis efisiensi operasi, serta Adaptasi Pandemi yang berbasis minimalisasi kondisi 3C (Closed Space, Crowded Place, Closed Contact Setting). Dampak penerapan kebijakan tersebut perlu disimulasikan pengaruhnya terhadap biaya operasi (BO) dan pendapatan operasi (PO). Hasil perbandingan nilai PO dan BO (POBO), menjadi indikator seberapa kuat bisnis perkeretaapian mampu bertahan di masa pandemi. Nilai POBO di atas 1,0 menunjukkan bisnis masih mampu mencapai Break Event Point (BEP) yang berarti operator mampu mencapai pendapatan setara dengan biaya (tetap dan variabel). Titik kritis operasi perkeretaapian terjadi pada shutdown point yang menunjukkan pendapatan tidak mampu menutupi biaya tetap (fixed cost). Pada nilai shutdown point, bisnis perkeretaapian dikhawatirkan akan berhenti. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan nilai POBO kedua kebijakan adalah 1,08 (kebijakan optimasi) dan 1,09 (kebijakan adaptasi pandemi). Profil ini menunjukkan ketahanan bisnis perkeretaapian berada pada ambang batas nilai Break Event Point (BEP), jauh di bawah nilai POBO pada tahun-tahun sebelum. Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa dampak pandemi sangat signifikan terhadap cash flow perusahaan. Titik kritis shutdown point terjadi pada volume barang dan penumpang hingga sebesar 40% dibandingkan tahun 2019. Volume tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan kondisi saat ini yaitu volume penumpang sebesar 50,5% - 55,5%; serta volume barang sebesar 81,5% dibandingkan volume tahun 2019. Besaran ini menunjukkan bahwa bisnis perkeretaapian masih memiliki daya tahan sebelum mengalami titik kritis shutdown point.

Reeb orbits that force topological entropy

We develop a forcing theory of topological entropy for Reeb flows in dimension three. A transverse link L in a closed contact $3$ -manifold $(Y,\xi )$ is said to force topological entropy if $(Y,\xi )$ admits a Reeb flow with vanishing topological entropy, and every Reeb flow on $(Y,\xi )$ realizing L as a set of periodic Reeb orbits has positive topological entropy. Our main results establish topological conditions on a transverse link L, which imply that L forces topological entropy. These conditions are formulated in terms of two Floer theoretical invariants: the cylindrical contact homology on the complement of transverse links introduced by Momin [A. Momin. J. Mod. Dyn.5 (2011), 409–472], and the strip Legendrian contact homology on the complement of transverse links, introduced by Alves [M. R. R. Alves. PhD Thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 2014] and further developed here. We then use these results to show that on every closed contact $3$ -manifold that admits a Reeb flow with vanishing topological entropy, there exist transverse knots that force topological entropy.

Fractional-Order Investigation of Diffusion Equations via Analytical Approach

This research article is mainly concerned with the analytical solution of diffusion equations within a Caputo fractional-order derivative. The motivation and novelty behind the present work are the application of a sophisticated and straight forward procedure to solve diffusion equations containing a derivative of a fractional-order. The solutions of some illustrative examples are calculated to confirm the closed contact between the actual and the approximate solutions of the targeted problems. Through analysis it is shown that the proposed solution has a higher rate of convergence and provides a closed-form solution. The small number of calculations is the main advantage of the proposed method. Due to a comfortable and straight forward implementation, the suggested method can be utilized to nonlinear fractional-order problems in various applied science branches. It can be extended to solve other physical problems of fractional-order in multiple areas of applied sciences.

When will the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia End?

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization(WHO) declared 2019-nCOV to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), due to the significant increase in confirmed new cases in various countries.1 In Indonesia, the first confirmed COVID-19 case was a female who had a closed contact with the 24th confirmed case in Malaysia and the second case was the mother of the first case.2 As time goes by, the number of new cases has increased significantly, reaching 160.165 confirmed cases with 6,944 deaths by August 27, 2020.3 The time when the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia will end is not known, although some studies are attempting to predict this such as in articles, journals, newspapers, and other media.

A Review on Role of Rasayanain prevention and Management (as an adjuvant) of COVID-19

COVID-19 is an infectious disease which is caused by Corona virus. It is a severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The corona virus outbreak was begun in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Common symptoms are including fever, cough and difficulty in breathing. This is a communicable disease and the virus is spread during closed contact between people. this disease is widely spreading in all countries including India and any effective treatment strategy is available on this disease. it is important to take preventive measures and immunity boosters to prevent from this communicable disease. Immunity will protect against various foreign bodies which enter in the body such as viruses and . In Ayurveda, taking is helpful for the person to keep him away from diseases by increasing the immunity. is the tool to create premium . Enhancement of quality of results in strong immune system to fight against diseases and longevity. NaimittikaRasayana helps to fight against various diseases and it can be used as an for specific disease. This study was aimed to review the previous work done on modulating and antiviral effect of drugs on Respiratory system. In this article, it is hypothesized that drugs may be effective in the prevention of COVID-19.

An Analytical Investigation of Fractional-Order Biological Model Using an Innovative Technique

In this paper, a new so-called iterative Laplace transform method is implemented to investigate the solution of certain important population models of noninteger order. The iterative procedure is combined effectively with Laplace transformation to develop the suggested methodology. The Caputo operator is applied to express the noninteger derivative of fractional order. The series form solution is obtained having components of convergent behavior toward the exact solution. For justification and verification of the present method, some illustrative examples are discussed. The closed contact is observed between the obtained and exact solutions. Moreover, the suggested method has a small volume of calculations; therefore, it can be applied to handle the solutions of various problems with fractional-order derivatives.

Compare noun phrases in Stieng language and Vietnamese

This article presents about structural features of the noun phrase in Stieng language in order to define the similarities and differences points between the noun phrase in Stieng language and noun phrase in Vietnamese. Noun phrase has a central component, previous sub-components, and the following sub-components. Also, it has played a role in creating a sentence. Base on situations in communication, the noun phrase may be previous vacant sub-components or following sub-components, but it can not be removed from the central component. The central component is mass nouns like as simple nouns, overall nouns, or abstract nouns. The previous sub-component includes quality words, numerals, or unit nouns. The following sub-component can be a noun, verb, pronoun, phrase, and followed by a demonstrative word. Stieng is a language of South Bahnaric subgroup, an Austroasiatic family, so there are many similarities with other languages such as Koho, Mnong, Ma, and Chrau. They belong to the Austroasiatic family, so they are closed contact with the Vietnamese.

Two closed orbits for non-degenerate Reeb flows

We prove that every non-degenerate Reeb flow on a closed contact manifold M admitting a strong symplectic filling W with vanishing first Chern class carries at least two geometrically distinct closed orbits provided that the positive equivariant symplectic homology of W satisfies a mild condition. Under further assumptions, we establish the existence of two geometrically distinct closed orbits on any contact finite quotient of M. Several examples of such contact manifolds are provided, like displaceable ones, unit cosphere bundles, prequantisation circle bundles, Brieskorn spheres and toric contact manifolds. We also show that this condition on the equivariant symplectic homology is preserved by boundary connected sums of Liouville domains. As a byproduct of one of our applications, we prove a sort of Lusternik–Fet theorem for Reeb flows on the unit cosphere bundle of not rationally aspherical manifolds satisfying suitable additional assumptions.