Novomoskovsk is the city in the Dnipro Ukraine, for which the period of the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century became very significant. This is the beginning of the city in its modern sense, the beginning of many institutions functioning, the time of inclusion in the new administrative-territorial system within the Russian Empire. The specified period due to many objective circumstances is not sufficiently provided with scientific sources, and therefore requires the use of all possible archival materials. This article describes the information capabilities of the forensic documentation of the above-mentioned chronological boundaries for the study of the history of Novomoskovsk and Novomoskovsk district. Attention should be paid to the descriptions of the lost funds of the Novomoskovsk Lower Zemsky court, the Novomoskovsk and Pavlograd Lower Reprisal, Novomoskovsk District Court, and the Novomoskovsk City Hall, which were stored in the State Archives of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. These materials often mention the names of famous landowners in the county: Rodzianko, Alekseev, Gersevanova, Kochubey, Faleeva, Miloradovich, Losev, Mizko, Magdenka. Brief information about them in the names of the cases makes it possible to follow (at least partially) the history of ownership, sales, inheritance of the place; conflict situations they were involved in or their peasants. As a separate example, the case of the Yekaterinoslav Chamber of Civil Cases of 1810–1811 is presented by the inhabitant of Novomoskovsk Anna Skalon. The noble family of French descent, Skalon, is associated with the region, some of the new evidence presents this trial of the dispute over the legacy of her husband, Fyodor Scalon. Particular attention should be paid to the report on the inspection of the cities of Yekaterinoslav province in 1833 by the order of the governor N. Longinov. This document captures the following facts: in 1833, 7 096 peoples lived in Novomoskovsk (slightly less than in the province of Yekaterinoslav); there were 1 429 wooden houses in the city; 65 merchants. The report also contains information about the hospital, the prison of the city; characterizes the work of various institutions; gives an idea of the level of crime in the county. It was concluded that the documents of the judicial institutions of Yekaterinoslav region should be involved in the study of various problems of regional history.