scholarly journals Statistic Equation to Estimate the Amount of CO2 Emission Produced From High Traffic Density Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Rania Rushdy Moussa ◽  
Mahmoud M. M. Mansour ◽  
Naglaa Mohamed Yossif
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Traffic Density

Energy consumption, especially the energy used for electricity supply has doubled in the past three decades, causing a drastic increase in the carbon emissions produced. Between 1990 and 2005 globally, the amount of CO2 emissions increased 25%. It is estimated that vehicles produce approximately 30% of the global NOx and 14% of global CO2 emissions. Egypt is the fourteenth biggest wellspring of CO2 emissions among all GEF program nations. It was proven that 66% of CO2 emissions comes from fossil fuel as a primary energy consuming source, playing a key role in the overall carbon intensity. The problem of this research is that the roads in developing countries produce a high level of carbon emissions, and the level is increasing due to the heavy usage of fossil fuels in the transportation sector. This research presents statistical analysis equation to analyse the amount of CO2 emissions produced from roads without using heavy and expensive equipment’s. Moreover, the equation can be used as a tool to estimate the amount of CO2 emissions produced from roads during the design phase in order to improve the design and reduce carbon emissions in roads. According to the statistics the main factors affecting the amount of CO2 produced in roads are the electricity generations, types of vehicles and vehicles speed. The research used experimental method to validate the equation by measuring CO2 emissions in high traffic density road using measuring device and compared the measuring results with the statistic equation results. The presented equation should help in reducing the amount of CO2 produced in roads, in return it will help in reducing the growth of global problems such as climate change and ozone depletion.

scholarly journals Sustainable energy path

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Yamamoto ◽  
Kenji Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Photo Voltaic ◽  
Global Energy Supply

The uses of fossil fuels cause not only the resources exhaustion but also the environmental problems such as global warming. The purposes of this study are to evaluate paths to ward sustainable energy systems and roles of each renewable. In order to realize the purposes, the authors developed the global land use and energy model that figured the global energy supply systems in the future considering the cost minimization. Using the model the authors conducted a simulation in C30R scenario, which is a kind of strict CO2 emission limit scenarios and reduced CO2 emissions by 30% compared with Kyoto protocol forever scenario, and obtained the following results. In C30R scenario bio energy will supply 33% of all the primary energy consumption. How ever, wind and photo voltaic will supply 1.8% and 1.4% of all the primary energy consumption, respectively, because of the limits of power grid stability. The results imply that the strict limits of CO2 emissions are not sufficient to achieve the complete renewable energy systems. In order to use wind and photo voltaic as major energy resources we need not only to reduce the plant costs but also to develop unconventional renewable technologies. .

scholarly journals Consumption-Based Accounting and the Trade-Carbon Emissions Nexus in Asia: A Heterogeneous, Common Factor Panel Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantley Liddle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Global Carbon

This paper considers a recently developed consumption-based carbon emissions database from which emissions calculations are made based on the domestic use of fossil fuels plus the embodied emissions from imports minus exports, to test directly for the importance of trade in national emissions. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) alone is responsible for over half the global outflows of carbon via trade. The econometric estimations—which focused on a panel of 20 Asian countries—determined that: (i) trade flows were significant for consumption-based emissions but not for territory-based emissions; and (ii) exports and imports offset each other in that exports lower consumption-based emissions, whereas imports increase them. Hence, all countries should have both an interest and a responsibility to help lower the carbon intensity of energy in countries that are particularly important for global carbon transfers—the PRC and India.

scholarly journals A Hypothetical Extraction Method Decomposition of Intersectoral and Interprovincial CO2 Emission Linkages of China’s Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13917
Author(s):  
Adedayo Johnson Ogungbile ◽  
Geoffrey Q. P. Shen ◽  
Jin Xue ◽  
Tobi Michael Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Input Output

Understanding the complex CO2 emissions in inter-sectoral and interregional interactions of the construction industry is significant to attaining sustainability in China. Many previous studies focused on aggregating the construction sector’s CO2 emissions on a national level, with the provincial characteristics and interactions often overlooked. Using extended environmental input–output tables, we adopted a hypothetical extraction method combined with extended-environmental multi-regional input–output tables for 2012, 2015, and 2017 data to decompose the CO2 emissions linkages in 30 provincial construction sectors. The provincial carbon emissions data from a complete system boundary informed the recategorization of China’s construction sector as a high-carbon-intensity industry. The interprovincial interactions results show relatively small backward CO2 emissions linkages compared to forward CO2 emissions linkages depicting the industry’s significant role in China’s economic growth and an essential target in CO2 emissions reduction plans. The provinces exhibited different impacts on the directional push–pull, with less developed provinces having one-way directional effects. The more developed provincial sectors behaved more like demand-driven industries creating an overall imbalance in CO2 emissions interaction between the sectors in interregional emission trades. We identified construction sectors in Gansu, Xingjian, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia as the most critical, with more significant CO2 emissions interactions than other provinces. Improving the technical level in less developed provincial construction sectors, considering provincial characteristics in policy formulation, and a swift shift to renewable energy as a primary energy source would aid in reducing the emissions intensities in the construction sector, especially in the less developed provinces, and achieving China’s quest to reach a CO2 emissions peak by 2030.

scholarly journals Study on Global Industrialization and Industry Emission to Achieve the 2 °C Goal Based on MESSAGE Model and LMDI Approach

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shining Zhang ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Changyi Liu ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Industrial Carbon ◽  
Global Energy Supply

The industrial sector dominates the global energy consumption and carbon emissions in end use sectors, and it faces challenges in emission reductions to reach the Paris Agreement goals. This paper analyzes and quantifies the relationship between industrialization, energy systems, and carbon emissions. Firstly, it forecasts the global and regional industrialization trends under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathway2 (SSP2) scenarios. Then, it projects the global and regional energy consumption that aligns with the industrialization trend, and optimizes the global energy supply system using the Model for Energy Supply Strategy Alternatives and their General Environmental Impact (MESSAGE) model for the industrial sector. Moreover, it develops an expanded Kaya identity to comprehensively investigate the drivers of industrial carbon emissions. In addition, it employs a Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) approach to track the historical contributions of various drivers of carbon emissions, as well as predictions into the future. This paper finds that economic development and population growth are the two largest drivers for historical industrial CO2 emissions, and that carbon intensity and industry energy intensity are the top two drivers for the decrease of future industrial CO2 emissions. Finally, it proposes three modes, i.e., clean supply, electrification, and energy efficiency for industrial emission reduction.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF CROATIAN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TERMINAL IN SUPPLYING REGIONAL NATURAL GAS MARKETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Ivan Smajla ◽  
Romana Crneković ◽  
Daria Karasalihović Sedlar ◽  
Filip Božić
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Gas Supply

This paper analyzes the possible role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the region in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by replacing a certain part of solid fossil fuels. Increasing natural gas consumption, declining North Sea natural gas reserves and increased natural gas production costs in Europe combined have created new opportunities for LNG in Europe. The Energy Strategy of Croatia is focused on intensifying the transit position for natural gas that could establish Croatia as a primary LNG market for countries from the region, which shows that the Energy Strategy supports LNG. Concerning LNG’s introduction into the regional gas market, this paper analyses the possibility of establishing a regional gas hub. The region in this paper includes the following countries: Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Slovenia, and North Macedonia. On the other hand, the observed markets are not organized and sufficiently liquid, which is a crucial precondition for hub establishment. In order to decrease the region’s dependence on pipeline natural gas, it is necessary to construct gas interconnections between Croatia – Serbia, Croatia – Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia – North Macedonia. With the mentioned interconnections, the region could achieve greater security of natural gas supply. This paper discusses the possibility of utilizing the full capacity of a LNG terminal as a source of natural gas supply for the purpose of replacing solid fossil fuels in the region’s primary energy consumption. By replacing solid fossil fuels with natural gas, it is possible to achieve significant savings on CO2 emissions, which contributes towards a green and sustainable future.

scholarly journals Biomethane use for automobiles towards a CO2-neutral energy system

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-140
Author(s):  
Fabio Orecchini ◽  
Adriano Santiangeli ◽  
Fabrizio Zuccari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Abstract To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility, two main paths can be considered: the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels, replacing fossil fuels, in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This paper proposes an analysis of different possible scenarios for automobiles towards a CO2-neutral energy system, in the path of the use of biofuels and the production, distribution and use of biomethane. The study, an update of work presented previously, focuses on different scenarios that take into account numerous parameters that affect the overall efficiency of the production-and-use process. A Well-to-Wheel analysis is used to estimate the primary energy savings and reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared both to the use of fossil-based methane and to other fuels and automotive technologies. In particular, the study shows that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption (NRPEC) for biomethane is slightly higher (+9%) than that of biodiesel, but significantly lower than those of all the other power trains analysed: –69% compared to the battery electric vehicle (BEV) and –55% compared to bioethanol. Compared to the use of fossil natural gas, the NRPEC is reduced to just over a third (2.81). With regard to CO2 emissions, biomethane has the lowest values: –69% compared to BEV, –176% compared to bioethanol and –124% with respect to biodiesel. Compared to the use of fossil natural gas, the CO2 emissions are reduced over a third (3.55). Moreover, the paper shows that biomethane can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles in Italy, proposing two different hypotheses: maximum production and minimum production. It is evident, therefore, that biomethane production can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles: this means that the use of biomethane in the car can lead to a reduction in NRPEC equal to 28.9 × 106 GJ/year and a reduction of CO2 emissions equal to 1.9 × 106 t/year.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumeysa Özden ◽  
selahattin orhan Akansu ◽  
Bilge Albayrak Çeper ◽  
Nafiz Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth has recently been the focus of discussion between policy makers and scientists around the world. The relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth has recently been the focus of discussion between policy makers and scientists around the world. In order to meet human needs, energy is needed in the activities to be carried out and the demand for this energy has increased exponentially over the years. Today, energy is produced from two sources: fossil fuels and renewable resources. Turkey renewable energy resources, particularly hydropower, wind energy, solar energy and are a country with significant potential for geothermal energy sources. Compared to fossil fuels, the carbon emissions from renewable energy sources are low. CO2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels vary depending on the type of fossil fuel used. In this study, the energy sector between Turkey's 1990-2016year, agricultural activities and carbon emissions per person from industrial processes and the per capita change in the manufacturing sector with the relationship between GDP energy imports, health care costs have been analysed.

scholarly journals Mitigation and Compensation of CO2 Emissions Due to International Tourism in the Island of Crete, Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Carbon Offsetting ◽  
New Forest ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Range Of Values

The purpose of the current study is to examine the possibilities of mitigating the carbon footprint of the tourism industry in Crete, Greece, to estimate its carbon intensity and additionally the cost of eliminating all tourism-related carbon emissions with compensation credits in the island. Various mitigation options in different sectors of the tourism industry in Crete, including transport to the destination, accommodation, catering and various tourist activities at the destination, have been proposed. Mitigation of carbon emissions in accommodation is easier, due to the presence of appropriate technologies, than in other tourism sectors. Various carbon offsetting schemes including the use of carbon compensation credits and forest restoration have also been investigated. Based on existing research regarding annual CO2 emissions due to the tourism industry in Crete, the area of new forest plantations required for offsetting all tourism-related carbon emissions in Crete has been calculated at 114 031 ha. The carbon intensity of the tourism industry in Crete has been estimated at 0.562 kgCO2/€ which is in the same range of values reported for other EU countries. The annual cost of eliminating all tourism-related CO2 emissions in Crete has been estimated at €20,525,580 which corresponds to 0.51% of the annual gross domestic product in the island attributed to tourism.

The Impact Of Carbon Footprinting In Romania

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-420
Author(s):  
Lucian-Ionel Cioca ◽  
Maria-Viorela Codoi
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Carbon

AbstractCarbon foot printing became an important term for surprisingly many people in the last years. It is very important that people learn what effects may have carbon foot printing on their lifes and how it’s produced. The term “carbon foot printing” is just a name which is the result of global warming potential. Carbon foot printing is considered a very popular buzzword in Romania in the last year. The carbon footprint measures total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly, by a person, organization, event or product. In Romania the carbon emissions are the consequences of burning of fossil fuels and manufacturing of cement, and the value of CO2 emissions in 2008 was 94,660(kt). People can do training or courses to learn more about the meaning of carbon footprints, their impact on the environment and calculation of the carbon footprint by measuring the CO2 equivalent emissions.

Climate Change Mitigation – Law and Policy Development in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-326
Author(s):  
Yuhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Low Carbon Economy

In the run-up to the Paris Climate Conference (2015), China has formally and confidently announced its commitments to achieve carbon peak by around 2030 or sooner, increase its non-fossil fuels to 20 percent of the primary energy mix by 2030, and cut carbon intensity by 60–65 percent by 2030 as compared to the 2005 level. This paper examines China’s policy change and legal development since 1992 that has made its transformation to low-carbon economy an achievable goal. It analyses key mitigation strategies including control of total energy consumption, economic restructuring, demand-side management of energy conservation and energy efficiency, improvement of China’s primary energy mix, and expansion of carbon sinks. It investigates the cap-and-trade local pilot schemes in preparation for the launch of a national carbon market in 2017. The paper concludes with cautious optimism that, given the actions taken by China so far, cop21 should conclude with significant breakthroughs for a more effective post-2020 climate regime.

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