Method of acoustic emission at evaluation of the state of welds and their service properties. Part 2. practical application

The issues of determining the estimated cost of capital construction projects with the involvement of Federal budget funds at the stage of development of project documentation, during verification of the accuracy of determining the estimated cost and the initial (maximum) contract price are considered. On the basis of the assessment of amendments to urban planning legislation for the purpose of implementing a state contract by the contractor ( based on the results of competitive procedures or without competitive procedures by decision of state authorities), the procedure for forming the estimate as part of a state (municipal) contract, the price of which is firm, is presented. For the purpose of mutual settlements between the customer and the contractor for the work performed, the formation of primary accounting documentation, as well as for checking the work performed by regulatory authorities, an example of drawing up an estimate of the state (municipal) contract on the basis of grouping costs according to structural elements and complexes of work is given. The result of the research conducted was the development of regulations and the formation of criteria for their practical application by state bodies, institutions, organizations and other participants in the investment-construction process, as well as recipients of budget funds, who perform the functions of the state (municipal) customer, developer and technical customer.

Download Full-text

INFORMATION AND KINETIC APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF STRESS STATE OF VESSELS OPERATING UNDER PRESSURE IN HYDROGEN ENVIRONMENTS

Kontrol Diagnostika ◽

10.14489/td.2021.06.pp.030-045 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-45

Author(s):

V. V. Nosov ◽

A. R. Yamilova

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Emission ◽

Pressure Vessels ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

The State ◽

Material Structure ◽

Diagnostic Efficiency ◽

Active Volume ◽

And Control ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Altitude Level

Separation of the influence of various factors on the strength of the material and control parameters is the basis for increasing the diagnostic efficiency. The article describes methods for assessing the state of pressure vessels, features of their damage under conditions of hydrogen absorption, presents data from acoustic emission and ultrasonic testing, compares them, sets out an approach to non-destructive assessment of the strength state of technical objects, based on a multilevel model of time dependences of acoustic emission parameters (AE), the kinetic concept of strength, micromechanics of fracture of discrete media, their relationship with the resource, parameters of fatigue curves and characteristics of the material structure, the problems of the influence of strength and metrological heterogeneity on the information content of control, the sequence of assessing the indicators of the strength state and resource of vessels, the model of strength and metrological heterogeneity of the AE are presented control, explaining the maximum activity of AE during tests in the first periods of operation, a methodology for assessing the strength state of pressure vessels is presented. Demonstration of the effectiveness of the technique is shown as an example of AE testing of an absorber for purifying hydrogen sulfide with a monoethanolamine solution by predicting the resource of its components and comparing the prediction results with the coordinate-altitude level of the adsorber belt, which correlates with the average internal hydrostatic stresses. Approbation of the approach has shown its versatility on the example of effective application for objects with defects of both fatigue and chemical origin under conditions of hydrogenation. Using the example of assessing the state of the most damaged lower belt, it is shown that an increase in the AE activity during hydrogenation of the material occurs mainly due to the growth of the acoustically active volume of the controlled zone, which is not unambiguously associated with the resource, and therefore the activity and energy intensity of the AE should not be considered sufficient a sign of the danger of a defect formed under the influence of hydrogen-containing media.

Download Full-text

Unconditional Basic Income as an Instrument of State Social Policy

Modern Economics ◽

10.31521/modecon.v23(2020)-33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 211-214

Author(s):

Vlad Stokolos ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

The State ◽

Security System ◽

Basic Income ◽

Practical Application ◽

State Budget ◽

State Institutions ◽

Political Ideas ◽

The Social ◽

Policy Problems

Annotation. Introduction. The article considers the concept of unconditional basic income in the study of social policy as a state instrument of universal social justice. Considerable attention paid to the prospects for the introduction of unconditional basic income and the implementation of its basic principles into Ukrainian legislation. Various approaches of legal regulations and etymology of social policy in the context of the state security system are considered. Significant emphasis placed on the study of the theoretical challenge of unconditional basic income, namely the study of the functioning of such a mechanism in modern communicative realities. This research is a product of analytics and was created without taking into account the author’s political ideas. Given the recommended amount of research, the issues of unconditional basic income was considered not to be completed. Purpose. One of the main tasks of the article is to study the mechanism of functioning of unconditional basic income and the possibility of its application in practice. It is also worth giving your own view of the social policy problems. The tasks of the article are to analyze the modern social security system and to suggest options for its improvement. Results. The theory of unconditional basic income currently has no practical application. Despite a significant number of theoretical experiments, no country in the world uses the instrument of unconditional basic income at the legislative level. Therefore, it is too early to talk about the implementation of this theory of social policy in practice in Ukraine. Conclusions. Theory of unconditional basic income has a strong intellectual tradition, but the practical application of this instrument of social policy not implemented. Our studies show that such a system promotes the development of human capital and increases the geographical mobility of people. Unconditional basic income creates material support that promotes human development in other spheres of life. However, it was noted that conducting such a social policy requires significant expenditures from the state budget. This creates material barriers for some countries to use unconditional basic income as a tool of social policy. Keywords: unconditional basic income; social policy; state institutions; legal system.

Download Full-text

THE TRANSITION FROM LOGICAL POSITIVISM TO PHENOMENOLOGY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: POLITICAL ASPECTS

Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.22394/2071-2367-2021-16-5-81-95 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 81-95

Author(s):

A.A. KOVALEV ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Public Administration ◽

Social Problems ◽

Civil Service ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

The State ◽

Logical Positivism ◽

Phenomenological Method ◽

Practical Application ◽

The Social

The purpose of this study is to study the research potential of the phenomenological approach in the social sciences, which emerged in the first half of the XX century as a critique of the dominant method of logical positivism at that time. The following scientific approaches and methods were used in the article: the method of analysis, description and comparison, as well as the phenomenological approach. The author has made an attempt to prove the significance of phenomenology in the social sciences by means of comparison as a way not only to describe facts, but also to explain motives and unobservable meanings. According to the results of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that the solution of urgent problems of society through the practical application of the acquired knowledge about society is possible only if the phenomenological method is actively applied in such a scientific and practical discipline as public administration. This will help to overcome the bureaucratization of the civil service, the isolation of the state administrative apparatus from real social problems, as well as to involve the population itself in the process of public administration, establishing feedback.

Download Full-text

Research into Correlation between the Lubrication Mode of Contact Surfaces and Dynamic Parameters of Turbo-Generator Transmissions

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2019/8148697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Marek Kočiško ◽

Petr Baron ◽

Monika Telíšková ◽

Jozef Török ◽

Anna Bašistová

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Emission ◽

High Frequency ◽

High Speed ◽

Oil Quality ◽

The State ◽

Dynamic Parameters ◽

High Frequency Vibration ◽

Turbo Generator ◽

Friction Mode ◽

Contact Surfaces

The paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at assessing the correlation between the measurement of dynamic parameters (vibration, high-frequency vibration, and acoustic emission) and the analysis of friction mode and the state of lubrication of the contact surfaces of two gearboxes in the turbo-generator assembly (high-speed single-body steam turbine—gearbox—generator) with the transmission power of no more than 50 MW. The analysis confirmed the assumption of a significant correlation of the monitored high-frequency vibration signal with the unsatisfactory engagement of the gear teeth. Through vibration analysis, an increased level of the tooth vibration component and vibration multiples with increased acoustic emission were identified in gearbox operation. The gear oil of one of the gearboxes examined showed a loss of additive elements in the real operation of the contact surfaces of the teeth engagement. The trend analysis confirmed the complexity of the monitored transmission operation in terms of the friction mode and the influence of the oil quality on the state of the tooth flank microgeometry.

Download Full-text

Part III Substantive Rights, 9 Compensation

10.1093/law/9780199676798.003.0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

McLachlan Campbell ◽

Shore Laurence ◽

Weiniger Matthew

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Cash Flow ◽

Practical Importance ◽

The State ◽

Practical Application ◽

Discounted Cash Flow ◽

Flow Method ◽

Monetary Compensation ◽

Discounted Cash Flow Method

Chapter 9 examines the obligation upon the State committing the international wrong to make reparation through restitution or monetary compensation. It first considers the international law standards of compensation for expropriation before proceeding to discuss the range of options adopted in practice by arbitral tribunals. It then looks at practical application of the main methods of valuation used to determine the appropriate level of compensation, particularly the ‘discounted cash flow’ method, along with the issue of causation in international law. The chapter concludes with an analysis of five topics that are assuming greater practical importance in the approach of arbitral tribunals to remedies: the award of moral damages in exceptional circumstances; the claimant’s duties of mitigation of loss; the potential for the availability of non-pecuniary remedies; interest; and costs.

Download Full-text

ARCHITECTONICS OF BUDGET MECHANISM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE

WORLD OF FINANCE ◽

10.35774/sf2018.01.045 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 45-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zoryana LOBODINA

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Public Administration ◽

State Regulation ◽

The State ◽

Practical Application ◽

Leading Role ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

Scientific Approach ◽

The Relationship

Introduction. The need to neutralize the threats to Ukraine's national security requires review of the priorities of public administration. Given the leading role of the budget as the imperative dominant of the system of state regulation of socio-economic development, the use of which is linked to the practical application of the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the state, the feasibility of modernizing the said mechanism is beyond doubt. The above circumstances determine the indisputable relevance of the study of the architecture of the budget mechanism and the search for ways to improve its structure, the integration of financial methods, forms, tools and instruments. Purposes. The purpose of the article is to formulate its own scientific approach to the structuring of the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the state, the characteristics of its elements and the relationship between them. Results.The result of the study proved that the optimal combination of elements of the budget mechanism allows the state to effectively influence the socio-economic processes, ensuring the functioning and development of the national economy, affordable and quality public services to the population, solving social problems and others. So in terms of transformation of budgetary relations and orientation of public finance to economic growth and improving public welfare scientific approaches to structuring the budget mechanism require revisionand clarification. Conclusion. Taking into account the directions of budget resources movement, the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the state proposes to distinguish two main subsystems: the mechanism of budget funds formation and the mechanism of using budget funds. In each of the subsystems, financial methods, forms, tools, levers are distinguished and characterized in the context of providing the architectural budget mechanism.

Download Full-text