scholarly journals Outcomes of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and Switching to Hemodialysis: A Competing Risks Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jernej Pajek ◽  
Alastair J. Hutchison ◽  
Shiv Bhutani ◽  
Paul E.C. Brenchley ◽  
Helen Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Adjusted Analysis ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technique Failure

BackgroundWe performed a review of a large incident peritoneal dialysis cohort to establish the impact of current practice and that of switching to hemodialysis.MethodsPatients starting peritoneal dialysis between 2004 and 2010 were included and clinical data at start of dialysis recorded. Competing risk analysis and Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying covariate (technique failure) were used.ResultsOf 286 patients (median age 57 years) followed for a median of 24.2 months, 76 were transplanted and 102 died. Outcome probabilities at 3 and 5 years respectively were 0.69 and 0.53 for patient survival (or transplantation) and 0.33 and 0.42 for technique failure. Peritonitis caused technique failure in 42%, but ultrafiltration failure accounted only for 6.3%. Davies comorbidity grade, creatinine and obesity (but not residual renal function or age) predicted technique failure. Due to peritonitis deaths, technique failure was an independent predictor of death hazard. When successful switch to hemodialysis (surviving more than 60 days after technique failure) and its timing were analyzed, no adverse impact on survival in adjusted analysis was found. However, hemodialysis via central venous line was associated with an elevated death hazard as compared to staying on peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis through a fistula (adjusted analysis hazard ratio 1.97 (1.02 – 3.80)).ConclusionsOnce the patients survive the first 60 days after technique failure, the switch to hemodialysis does not adversely affect patient outcomes. The nature of vascular access has a significant impact on outcome after peritoneal dialysis failure.

Patient and Technique Survival and Factors Affecting Mortality on Peritoneal Dialysis in Turkey: 12 Years’ Experience in a Single Center

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Hayri Sipahioglu ◽  
Aysun Aybal ◽  
Aydin Ünal ◽  
Bulent Tokgoz ◽  
Oktay Oymak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Technique Failure

Background We investigated patient and technique survival and factors affecting mortality in Turkish peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective study. 423 PD patients were included. The demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected from the medical records. Clinical outcomes were mortality and technique failure. Results Mean age at the start of PD was 46.0 ± 14.3 years and mean PD duration was 37.1 ± 28.3 (median: 30, range: 4 – 137) months. Diabetes mellitus was the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (35.2%), followed by hypertension (14.7%). There were 89 (21.0%) deaths. 25 (5.9%) patients received a kidney transplant, 74 (17.4%) patients were transferred to hemodialysis. Estimation of technique survival by Kaplan–Meier was 96.1%, 83.2%, 67.6%, 45.8%, and 33.6% at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years. Technique failure was associated with peritonitis rate [relative risk (RR): 3.22, p < 0.001] and peritoneal Kt/V urea (RR: 0.38, p = 0.001) in the Cox proportional hazards model analysis. Estimation of patient survival by Kaplan–Meier was 96.9%, 83.8%, 68.8%, 50.2%, and 40.7% at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years, respectively. In the Cox proportional hazards model analysis, age (RR: 1.01, p = 0.05), transfer to PD from hemodialysis (RR: 1.84, p = 0.03), comorbid cardiovascular disease (RR: 1.90, p = 0.004), serum creatinine level (RR: 0.75, p < 0.001), total Kt/V urea (RR: 0.34, p < 0.001), peritonitis rate (RR: 1.87, p < 0.001), and dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio (RR: 6.49, p = 0.04) predicted mortality. Conclusions Even though we cannot conclude with certainty that survival rates in Turkish patients are better than those in the United States and Europe, our results seem to suggest this and warrant further studies adjusted for more extensive demographic features and comorbidities. The factors affecting mortality in Turkish PD patients are similar to other populations.

Age at Exposure to Parental Suicide and the Subsequent Risk of Suicide in Young People

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Ying Lee ◽  
Chung-Yi Li ◽  
Kun-Chia Chang ◽  
Tsung-Hsueh Lu ◽  
Ying-Yeh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age At Exposure

Abstract. Background: We investigated the age at exposure to parental suicide and the risk of subsequent suicide completion in young people. The impact of parental and offspring sex was also examined. Method: Using a cohort study design, we linked Taiwan's Birth Registry (1978–1997) with Taiwan's Death Registry (1985–2009) and identified 40,249 children who had experienced maternal suicide (n = 14,431), paternal suicide (n = 26,887), or the suicide of both parents (n = 281). Each exposed child was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year whose parents were still alive. This yielded a total of 398,081 children for our non-exposed cohort. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the suicide risk of the exposed and non-exposed groups. Results: Compared with the non-exposed group, offspring who were exposed to parental suicide were 3.91 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10–4.92 more likely to die by suicide after adjusting for baseline characteristics. The risk of suicide seemed to be lower in older male offspring (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.57–6.06), but higher in older female offspring (HR = 5.30, 95% CI = 3.05–9.22). Stratified analyses based on parental sex revealed similar patterns as the combined analysis. Limitations: As only register-­based data were used, we were not able to explore the impact of variables not contained in the data set, such as the role of mental illness. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a prominent elevation in the risk of suicide among offspring who lost their parents to suicide. The risk elevation differed according to the sex of the afflicted offspring as well as to their age at exposure.

Between National Polarization and Local Ideology: The Impact of Partisan Competition on State Medicaid Expansion Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Meyer-Gutbrod
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Partisan Competition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision to grant states the authority to reject Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act without penalty threatened the implementation of this polarized health policy. While many Republican-controlled states followed their national allies and rejected Medicaid expansion, others engaged in bipartisan implementation. Why were some Republican states willing to reject the national partisan agenda and cooperate with Democrats in Washington? I focus on the role of electoral competition within states. I conclude that although electoral competition has been shown to encourage partisan polarization within the states, the combination of intergovernmental implementation and Medicaid expansion’s association with public welfare reverses this dynamic. I employ a Cox proportional-hazards model to examine the impact of state partisan ideology and competition on the likelihood of state Medicaid expansion. I find that strong inter-party competition mitigates the impact of more extreme partisan ideologies, encouraging potentially bipartisan negotiation with the federal administration.

scholarly journals Exploring the determinants of real estate liquidity from an alternative perspective: censored quantile regression in real estate research

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Cajias ◽  
Philipp Freudenreich ◽  
Anna Freudenreich
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Censored Quantile Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
German Cities

Abstract In this paper, the liquidity (inverse of time on market) of rental dwellings and its determinants for different liquidity quantiles are examined for the seven largest German cities. The determinants are estimated using censored quantile regressions in order to investigate the impact on very liquid to very illiquid dwellings. As market heterogeneity is not only observed between cities but also within a city, each of the seven cities is considered individually. Micro data for almost 500,000 observations from 2013 to 2017 is used to examine the time on market. Substantial differences in the magnitude and direction of the regression coefficients for the different liquidity quantiles are found. Furthermore, both the magnitude and direction of the impact of an explanatory variable on the liquidity, differ between the cities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first paper, to apply censored quantile regressions to liquidity analysis of the real estate rental market. The model reveals that the proportionality assumption underlying the Cox proportional hazards model cannot be confirmed for all variables across all cities, but for most of them.

Predictors of Survival in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Five-Year Prospective Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morrell M. Avram ◽  
Paul A. Fein ◽  
Luigi Bonomini ◽  
Neal Mittman ◽  
Raphael Loutoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality

Our objective was to examine the influence of various demographic, clinical, and enrollment biochemical variables on the long-term survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. This was a prospective cohort study investigating the relationship between demographics and enrollment biochemical markers and mortality in CAPD patients in a CAPD unit in a large tertiary care teaching hospital. One hundred and sixtynine patients in the CAPD program were enrolled between 1989 and 1994, and were followed up to 60 months. Independent predictors of mortality determined by Cox proportional hazards model included age, diabetes, serum albumin and creatinine. Enrollment level of serum albumin, and creatinine can predict mortality in CAPD patients up to 60 months. Markers of visceral and somatic nutrition at enrollment are important predictors of mortality in CAPD patients up to five years.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Mortality in Chinese Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Gong ◽  
Fuyou Liu ◽  
Youming Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier

ObjectiveThe intent of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and risk factors affecting mortality of the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in a single peritoneal dialysis (PD) center over a period of 10 years.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients on PD from June 2001 to June 2011. The clinical and biochemical data were collected from the medical records. Clinical variables included gender, age at the start of PD, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), presence of diabetes mellitus and blood pressure. Biochemical variables included hemoglobin, urine volume, residual renal function (RRF), serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, comorbidities, and outcomes. Survival curves were made by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses to identify mortality risk factors were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsA total of 421 patients were enrolled, 269 of whom were male (63.9%). The mean age at the start of PD was 57.9 ± 14.8 years. Chronic glomerulonephritis was the most common cause of ESRD (39.4%). Estimation of patient survival by Kaplan-Meier was 92.5%, 80.2%, 74.4%, and 55.7% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Patient survival was associated with age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.641 [1.027 – 2.622], p = 0.038), cardiovascular disease (HR: 1.731 [1.08 – 2.774], p = 0.023), hypertriglyceridemia (HR: 1.782 [1.11 – 2.858], p = 0.017) in the Cox proportional hazards model analysis. Estimation of technique survival by Kaplan-Meier was 86.7%, 68.8%, 55.7%, and 37.4% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. In the Cox proportional hazards model analysis, age (HR: 1.672 [1.176 – 2.377], p = 0.004) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR: 1.511 [1.050 – 2.174], p = 0.026) predicted technique failure.ConclusionThe PD patients in our center exhibited comparable or even superior patient survival and technical survival rates, compared with reports from other centers in China and other countries.

Clinical outcomes of pancreas cancer patients with peritoneal spread: Results from the chord consortium.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19268-e19268
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Pauls ◽  
Abdulaziz AlJassim AlShareef ◽  
Winson Y. Cheung ◽  
Rachel Anne Goodwin ◽  
Brandon M. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Chemotherapy

e19268 Background: Prior studies have demonstrated that clonal cells that give rise to pancreatic peritoneal metastases (PM) are geographically and genetically distinct from clonal cells, giving rise to lung and liver metastases. The objective of this study was to assess if there is a distinct difference in prognosis and therapeutic response among patients with pancreatic cancer with (PM compared to the lung/liver. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design, medical records from adult patients diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas at five Canadian academic cancer centers (2014 - 2019) were reviewed. Prognostic variables including age, Charlson comorbidity index, ECOG, cigarette smoking, nodal status, sites of metastases, and first line chemotherapy were collected. Cox proportional hazards model (MVA) was used to examine the association between peritoneal involvement and survival, adjusted for measured confounders. Analyses were completed using SAS, where alpha of 0.05 was defined as the level of significance. Results: A total of 1161 patients were included. Metastatic sites included peritoneum (n = 170, 14.6%), lung (n = 145, 12.5%) and liver (n = 563, 48.5%). Patients with PM received first-line FOLFIRINOX (FFX, n = 31), Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel (G/N, n = 20), Gemcitabine (G, n = 18), and no treatment (n = 97). In univariate analyses, worse ECOG PS was associated with PM (p = 0.002). The majority of patients died (89%), with a median overall survival (OS) of 3 vs 7 months for patients with PM and those without PM (p < 0.001), respectively. The median OS in patient whom receive first-line chemotherapy was 7 months in FFX group (95% CI 1.66-12.33), 6 months in G/N (95% CI 4.54-7.45) and 2 months in G group (95% CI 1.42-2.57). Patients had significantly better OS when treated with FFX or G/N compared to G alone (p = 0.002). Time to treatment failure was significantly shorter among patient treated with G alone compare to patients treated with FFX and G/N (P < 0.005). Conclusions: In the setting of combination chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer, patients with PM continue to have a poor prognosis. This may be due to the impact of PM on PS and the inability to administer palliative chemotherapy. For eligible patients, FFX or G/N results in a higher OS than G monotherapy.

Trends in Treatment of Uterine Serous Cancer in the Medicare Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Alejandro Rauh-Hain ◽  
Sarah C. Connor ◽  
Joel T. Clemmer ◽  
Olivia W. Foley ◽  
Rachel M. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Medicare Population ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Uterine Serous Carcinoma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the rates of chemotherapy and radiotherapy delivery in the treatment of uterine serous carcinoma in the Medicare population and to compare clinical outcomes in treated and untreated patients.MethodsThe linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare databases were queried to identify patients with a diagnosis of uterine serous carcinoma between 1992 and 2009. The impact of chemotherapy on survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA total of 2188 patients met study eligibility criteria. Stages I, II, III, and IV diseases accounted for 890 (41%), 174 (8%), 470 (21%), and 654 (30%) of the study population, respectively. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, both, or none, were administered as adjuvant therapy in 635 (29%), 536 (24%), 308 (14%), and 709 (32%) of the study population, respectively. Use of chemotherapy became more frequent over time. Over the study period, and after adjusting for race, time of diagnosis, SEER registry, marital status, stage, age, surgery, lymph node dissection, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity index, there was an association between receipt of radiotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.04–1.67) and not receiving any treatment (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–2.01) and worst survival. Survival was not improved over time.ConclusionAlthough adjuvant chemotherapy and combination treatment with chemotherapy and radiation were associated with improved survival in our model, there was no significant improvement in survival over time.

scholarly journals Impact of the Changes in the Frequency of Social Participation on All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Older Adults: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Keiichi Shimatani ◽  
Mayuko T. Komada ◽  
Jun Sato
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Japanese Older Adults ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have shown that more frequent social participation was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. However, limited studies have explored the changes in the frequency of social participation in older adults. We investigated the impact of the changes in the frequency of social participation on all-cause mortality in Japanese older adults aged 60 years and older. The current study, conducted as a secondary analysis, was a retrospective cohort study using open available data. The participants were 2240 older adults (45.4% male and 54.6% female) sampled nationwide from Japan who responded to the interview survey. Changes in the frequency of social participation were categorized into four groups (none, initiated, decreased, and continued pattern) based on the responses in the baseline and last surveys. The Cox proportional-hazards model showed a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in decreased and continued patterns of social participation. Stratified analysis by sex showed a decreased risk of mortality in the continued pattern only among males. The results of the current study suggest that the initiation of social participation at an earlier phase of life transition, such as retirement, may be beneficial for individuals.

scholarly journals Impact of Prior Cancer History on Outcomes in Thymoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilong Wu ◽  
Mengyang Liu ◽  
Weixue Cui ◽  
Guilin Peng ◽  
Jianxing He
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Thymoma is an uncommon intrathoracic malignant tumor and has a long natural history. It is uncertain whether the survival of thymoma patient is affected by prior cancer history. Finding out the impact of a prior cancer history on thymoma survival has important implications for both decision making and research. Method The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for thymoma patients diagnosed between 1975 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze overall survival across a variety of stages, age, and treatment methods with a prior cancer history or not. Results A total of 3604 patients with thymoma were identified including 507 (14.1%) with a prior cancer history. The 10-year survival rate of patients with a prior cancer history (53.8%) was worse than those without a prior cancer history (40.32%, 95%CI 35.24-45.33, P < 0.0001). However, adjusted analyses showed that the impact of a prior cancer history was heterogenous across age and treatment methods. In subset analyses, prior cancer history was associated with worse survival among patients who were treated with chemoradiotherapy (HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.51-5.20, P = 0.001) and age ≤ 65 years (HR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.73, P = 0.036). Conclusions Prior cancer history provides an inferior overall survival for patients with thymoma. But it does not worsen the survival in some subgroups and these thymoma patients should not be excluded from clinical trials.

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