Ways to improve the soil protective efficiency of forest stands

10.12737/6548 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-146
Author(s):  
Пухачева ◽  
Lyudmila Pukhacheva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Flow ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
The Stability

This article discusses ways to improve soil protective efficiency, reclamation use and preservation of protective forest plantations. In addition to the hydrological and soil protection functions, these spaces contribute to a more even distribution of snow on the protected spaces and prevent them blowing away in his beams, improve the microclimate of surrounding fields and, ultimately, increase the productivity of crops. Afforestation system is the basis of territorial and environmental framework, that ensures the stability of agro-ecosystems. The major role in improving forest conditions and, as a consequence, an increase in the growth of trees, played an impoundment ability of trenches. They created additional moisture due to the detention of surface runoff from melted snow and rain water. The sharp decline in water-erosion processes, transfer a surface flow to intersoil, improves the water regime of the territory and has a beneficial effect on the growth of pendent white birch. Thus, the use of reclamation of forest belts in the variant with trenches is the highest (100%), this can be explained by regular flow of meltwater in the forest area, as subsurface flow. The trench with filler intercepts virtually the entire flow, that is absorbed in its melted bottom and filler, and during the active snowmelt in the way of overflow of trenches, flowing is held earth mound on the border of the forest belt. As a consequence, the gullies and ravines are not formed on young woodland belt, that was benefit on the growth and survival of seedlings of pendent white birch.

scholarly journals The new agroforestry paradigm’s formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Rulev ◽  
Anna M. Pugacheva
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

From acceptance of the 1948 Plan of Field-Protective Afforestation to the present (2019), this article considers the new agroforestry paradigms protracted formation. Scientific achievements from the 1940s, introduced into practice, served as the basis for decisions on natures global transformation. Pilot facilities from the beginning of the 20th century (the Bogdinsky agroforestry stronghold, the Stone-steppe oasis) still serve as reference objects for agroforest reclamation of territories, with a scientific approach that allows them to function productively today. The plans main idea is to combat drought and desertification of steppe lands, erosion processes, and to prevent sand and dust storms. Creation of 5709 thousand hectares of protective forests, afforestation of 1106 thousand hectares of ravines, fixing and afforestation of sand on an area of 322 thousand hectares, and implementation of many planned activities during a short period locate this plan among other ambitious international projects. The authors draw attention to the time of creation and the volume of plantings of paramount importance, that is, state protective forest belts and protective forest plantations. Understanding the importance of agroforestry for modern agricultural landscapes led to formation of sustainable and durable agroforestry systems in subarid landscapes based on a combination of agricultural and landscape-ecological ideologies. Allegedly, considering terrain ecotopes, three-dimensional evaluation of the agrolandscape and a non-linear approach make it possible to create multifunctional, highly productive agroforestry systems in critical agriculture zones.

scholarly journals About longevity and viability of artificial created water-protective forest forest conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Владимир Вавин ◽  
Vladimir Vavin ◽  
Владимир Тунякин ◽  
Vladimir Tunyakin ◽  
Наталия Рыбалкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Belt ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Protective Forest

Khrenovskoy section of the "Special Expedition of the Forest Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property for testing and accounting of various ways and methods of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia" is located in the south-east of the Voronezh region. In the scientific literature this territory is called the "Stone Steppe". The expedition worked here from 1892 to 1898. The first planting was carried out by O.I. Kovalev and K.E. Sobenevsky foresters. In one plantation, many trees and shrubs were tested for their suitability for afforestation in the region. Successors of foresters of "Special expedition ..." G.F. Morozov and A.N. Mikhailov finally decided on the main species, having secured this status behind English oak tree, but taking into account the new requirements for creation of forest belts, the search for the best oak companions is still continuing. Currently, in the south-east of the Central Black Earth (Voronezh region) there are more than 126 thousand hectares of protective plantations on agricultural lands located near ravine and narrows. Most of them grow without forest management; many were exposed to fire and need reforestation measures. In the Stone Steppe, experimental restoration felling has been carried out since 1933, when the forest strips were 38 years old. The last experimental regenerative felling was carried out in the 63 years old summer plantation (forest belt No. 72). The possibility of coppice resumption and creation of oak plantations on felling was tested. Cultures are not preserved because of ill-timed clarification. In the coppice stands the breed composition has changed due to the reduction of oak, which is also explained by the untimely cleaning of oak coppice. There is a perspective in the coppice stands of maple-linden plantations and in old-growth mother stands of oak-maple ones, since in all variants maple young growth is viable and is available in sufficient quantity. The article shows that despite the minimum amount of oak in the composition of the parent stand, by 122 it will begin to take the leading place. The dynamics of the species composition of the 122-year-old water-protection forest stand is considered and the analysis of the results of reforestation cuttings is carried out in different age periods of this plantation. It has been established that the parent tree stand, despite its thinness, has a considerable stock of stem wood, English oak has leading position in vitality, and European ash and black ash ; in the most part, are limited in viability, elm that prevailed during planting was the last one in the old-growth plantation.

scholarly journals Decoding of forest belts using satellite images

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
A V Koshelev ◽  
N A Tkachenko ◽  
M O Shatrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Belt ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Horizontal Projection ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Current State ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract The paper presents the results of decoding the current condition of protective forest plantations of the Volgograd region and their digital inventory mapping on the basis of remote sensing methods and GIS technologies. We have applied a three-level analysis of the system of forest belts located within an administrative district, a farmstead, and a single forest belt. The laboratory visual interpretation of space images has allowed us to analyze the horizontal projection of the forest belts canopy and crowns, their placement in the canopy, as well as pattern and structure. We have also deciphered the signs of the prevailing patterns of tree species mixing. As a result of the research, we have created digital cartographic models of forest belts, compiled digital standards of elm stands in a given age period, assesse taxation and reclamation features of the current state of plantations. The results obtained can be used to monitor the state of plantings and create a local agroforestry GIS.

scholarly journals Assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the state of forest lands of the Novoaleksandrovsk city district of Stavropol region with the use of geoinformation technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-358
Author(s):  
Boris Polushkovsky ◽  
Anna Belova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Belt ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Current State ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
City District ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

The article analyzes the possibility of evaluating the current state of forest protection plant in the Stavropol Territory based on remote sensing data. With the help of photogrammetric and kartometric methods, space snapshots are analyzed for the model territory of the Stavropol Territory (Novoaleksandrovsky City District). The use of geo-information technologies allowed us using a cartographic method to estimate the current state of forest belt and determine their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In the process of digitizing and decrypting, forest belts were divided into categories by destruction. In total, 2524 forest belts with a total area of 10.95 thousand hectares were allocated during the work. As a result, it was possible to assess the qualitative state of the forest belt of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district and reveal that entire and slightly destroyed protective forest belts are greater than in quantitative terms and in the area they occupy. Further, in the process of the study, the quantitative characteristics of the forest belt were established—the area was determined, and the length and width of all protective forest plantations of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district was determined and entered into an attribute table. It has been established that the width of most of the protective forest belt (1281 pcs) in the area of the study is from 20 to 30 meters, and 1001 forest belts have a width of more than 30 m. The most common length of forest belt is less than 500 m. (1034 pcs.) and 500–1000 meters (680 pcs.). Square characteristics of protective forest plantations are much more inhomogeneous—so, completely scaffolding was revealed 247 pcs., With a total area of 1058 hectares. Slightly destroyed forest belt 1623 pcs. and their area are 7395 hectares. Significantly destroyed forest belt 41 pcs., with an area of 1734 hectares and fully destroyed—44 pcs., with an area of 213.8 hectares. The proposed research methodology and evaluation of protective forest plantations can be used for other territories of the Stavropol Territory for a more complete study of the state of the region of the region.

scholarly journals Ecological and Agrochemical Assessment of the Kamennaya Steppe Soils under Forest Cenosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Yuriy I. Cheverdin ◽  
◽  
Vladimir A. Bespalov ◽  
Tatyana V. Titova ◽  
Marina Yu. Sautkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Kamennaya Steppe ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Regions Of Russia

A set of parameters of soils under forest belts was studied. The objects of research were old-growth (65–68 yrs) ravine and shelterbelt forest plantations of the Kamennaya Steppe. The results allow assessing the trends of changes in soil characteristics over a long period of time. Key plots of 100×100 m were laid out using a regular sampling grid. The sampling interval is 15–25 m. A positive effect of forest shelterbelts on the properties of chernozems was found. There is an increase in thickness of the humus horizon from 42.3 cm (arable land on the slope) to 72.6±5.1 cm (under forest). The maximum values are typical for chernozems of watershed areas: 59.6±2.4 cm (arable land) and 85.6±3.9 cm (forest belt). Chernozems leached due to the activation of migration processes of carbonates into the underlying soil horizons have the maximum depth of soil effervescence. Chernozems zooturbated due to mechanical transport and mixing of accumulative-carbonate horizon have the lowest depth of soil effervescence. A general trend to decrease the depth of soil effervescence under the forest cenosis was found. The highest humus content is observed in watershed areas: 7.14±0.24 % (arable land) and 8.56±0.18 % (forest belt). A ravine forest belt reduces the risk of erosion processes. A fairly strong humus profile with a high content of organic matter: 7.03±0.27% (under forest) and 6.10±0.10% (on arable land), was possible to preserve on arable lands in the zone of the belt’s influence. The planting of forest belts causes a change in the nature of vegetation. The influence of acidic products of litter decomposition formed soil horizons with a moderately acidic reaction of the environment in the humus layer. Despite the leading position of calcium, an increased content of magnesium was found in the composition of exchange-absorbed cations. Forest belts have become especially important in recent decades due to changing climatic conditions. In the steppe regions of Russia, such plantations are a powerful soil conservation factor that helps stabilize and increase soil fertility. It is necessary to intensify the planting of artificial forest stands in the steppe regions of Russia. For citation: Cheverdin Yu.I., Bespalov V.A., Sautkina M.Yu., Titova T.V. Ecological and Agrochemical Assessment of the Kamennaya Steppe Soils under Forest Cenosis. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 76–91. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-76-91

THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF SOIL EROSION: MECHANISM, PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION AND PREDICTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Demidov ◽  
Oleg Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Erosion Mechanism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Wide Range

The monograph summarizes the information over the past 20 years on the currently widely used. The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions, studying in the specialty of soil science, as well as specializing in erosion and soil protection. The textbook describes the physical basis and mechanism of erosion processes, based on some sections of hydraulics, hydrology, hydro-and aeromechanics, knowledge of which is necessary to understand the mechanism of water, wind and irrigation soil erosion. The main mathematical models and principles of forecasting the values of soil losses as a result of erosion processes are considered. The textbook will be useful not only for students and postgraduates studying in the specialty of soil science, but also for geographers, ecologists and a wide range of specialists interested in the problems of soil cover conservation and environmental protection.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF CREATING AN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF AGRO-LANDSCAPES IN THE TERRITORY OF ALTAI KRAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
O.N. Baryshnikova ◽  
A.P. Olfert ◽  
A.G. Repko ◽  
Yu.I. Fatueva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Network Tree

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Research of Information Support of Sustainable Agricultural Landscapes Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Creation

Purpose. To characterize the methodological approaches that we develop in the formation of a system of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes and to show the results of their implementation on the example of the territory of some agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region. Methods. Cartographic, geoinformation analysis, calculation, statistical and mathematical. Results. Some results of the work of the collective on the issues of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes. Namely, verification of erosion models, studies of the functionality of shelter belts, the formation of an agroeconet (an extensive network of natural and quasi-natural landscapes) on agricultural land massifs, which ensures the maintenance of stable functioning of meso and macrolevel agrolandscapes, as well as the experience of using magnetic prospecting methods to verify the results of mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Conclusions. A number of methodological approaches to information support of the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes in the natural and socio-economic conditions of Ukraine have been developed. They relate to the functioning of anti-erosion measures of permanent action, the processes of modern transformation of agro-landscapes, the ecological impact of erosion processes on the environment. The connection between the length of forest belts per unit of arable land and soil erosion is shown. A methodical approach has been developed to estimate the amount of soil washed away from arable land and to calculate the measures necessary to eliminate its harmful effects on the environment.

scholarly journals Dark gray podzolized soils of the Chyzhykiv ridge: problems of degradation and protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Haskevych ◽  
Nadiya Lemeha ◽  
Anastasiya Vishchur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Very High

The results of the research of degradation of dark gray podzolized soils (Luvis Greyzemic Phaeozems) of the Chyzhykiv ridge are presented. The causes and consequences of this dangerous natural and anthropogenic phenomenon are analyzed. It has been established that the intensive agricultural use of soils caused the activation of water erosion processes, the development of physical degradation processes, which lead to soil compaction, deterioration of their general physical properties, and loss of humus. Degradation processes lead to a decrease in soil fertility and unprofitability of agriculture, worsen the ecological state of the environment. In the study of degradation processes and their consequences in dark gray podzolized soils, the following methods were used: comparative-geographical, comparative-profile, catena method, analytical, statistical. Soil field explorations were carried out after the growing season. The most dangerous among the degradation processes are erosion degradation, which leads to a decrease in the capacity of the soil profile and deterioration of the soil agrophysical properties. The results of the studies demonstrated that the capacity of the profile of poorly eroded soils decreased on average by 14.5 cm compared to the standard, in medium-eroded – by 28.3 cm, in highly-eroded – by 50.8 cm. Soils underwent erosion from low to very high (crisis) degree. Degradation processes of anthropogenic genesis caused a deterioration of the structural and aggregate state of the soils, which is manifested in a decrease in the content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates and the dominance of the sloping fraction. According to the research results, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates with a size of 10–0.25 mm in the arable soil layer is 18.65–33.86 %, which indicates a high and very high (crisis) level of degradation. Soils also undergo degradation due to re-compaction, which is manifested in an increase in the density of the structure and a decrease in the overall porosity of the soil. Long anthropogenic pressure on soils and erosion degradation processes have led to a decrease in humus content. In particular, in poorly eroded soils the humus content is 2.03 %, in medium-eroded soils – 1.45 %, in highly eroded – 1.06 %, which is 16.9–64.6 % less than the standard. Measures are proposed to minimize the degradation of the dark gray podzolized soils of the Chyzhykiv ridge, which consist in the application of anti-erosion measures and soil-protective methods of soil processing, conservation of heavily degraded lands. The introduction of basic and crisis monitoring of the state of soils in the research area is recommended. Key words: the Chyzhykiv ridge, dark gray podzolized soils, erosion, degradation, soil protection.

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