Study the Effect of Many Medications in Ophthalmomyiasis Treatment and the Possibility of Using these Medications Instead of Mechanical Removal

The aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes L. is environmentally hazardous and requires effective methods for its utilization. The harmfulness of these plants is determined by their excessive growth in water bodies and degradation of local aquatic ecosystems. Mechanical removal of these plants is widespread but requires fairly resource-intensive technology. However, these aquatic plants are polymer-containing substrates and have a great potential for conversion into bioenergy. The aim of the work was to determine the main patterns of Pistia stratiotes L. degradation via granular microbial preparation (GMP) to obtain biomethane gas while simultaneously detoxifying toxic copper compounds. The composition of the gas phase was determined via gas chromatography. The pH and redox potential parameters were determined potentiometrically, and Cu(II) concentration photocolorimetrically. Applying the preparation, high efficiency of biomethane fermentation of aquatic plants and Cu(II) detoxification were achieved. Biomethane yield reached 68.0 ± 11.1 L/kg VS of Pistia stratiotes L. biomass. The plants’ weight was decreased by 9 times. The Cu(II) was completely removed after 3 and 10 days of fermentation from initial concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. The result confirms the possibility of using the GMP to obtain biomethane from environmentally hazardous substrates and detoxify copper-contaminated fluids.

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Global Warming Potential of a New Waterjet-Based Recycling Process for Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽

10.3390/batteries7020029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Leonard Kurz ◽

Mojtaba Faryadras ◽

Ines Klugius ◽

Frederik Reichert ◽

Andreas Scheibe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Primary Data ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the need for vehicle battery raw materials is increasing. The traction battery (TB) of an electric vehicle, usually a lithium-ion battery (LIB), represents the largest share of a BEV’s CO2 footprint. To reduce this carbon footprint sustainably and to keep the raw materials within a closed loop economy, suitable and efficient recycling processes are essential. In this life cycle assessment (LCA), the ecological performance of a waterjet-based direct recycling process with minimal use of resources and energy is evaluated; only the recycling process is considered, waste treatment and credits for by-products are not part of the analysis. Primary data from a performing recycling company were mainly used for the modelling. The study concludes that the recycling of 1 kg of TB is associated with a global warming potential (GWP) of 158 g CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Mechanical removal using a water jet was identified as the main driver of the recycling process, followed by an air purification system. Compared to conventional hydro- or pyrometallurgical processes, this waterjet-based recycling process could be attributed an 8 to 26 times lower GWP. With 10% and 20% reuse of recyclate in new cells, the GWP of TBs could be reduced by 4% and 8%, respectively. It has been shown that this recycling approach can be classified as environmentally friendly.

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An In-Process Intervention to Mitigate the Effect of Built-Up Edges in Micromilling

Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/1.4037574 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert G. Altman ◽

James F. Nowak ◽

Johnson Samuel

Keyword(s):

Machining Process ◽

Burr Formation ◽

Tool Runout ◽

Part Geometry ◽

Intervention Technique ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Working Volume ◽

G Code ◽

Critical Process Parameters ◽

Critical Process

This paper is focused on developing an in-process intervention technique that mitigates the effect of built-up edges (BUEs) during micromilling of aluminum. The technique relies on the intermittent removal of the BUEs formed during the machining process. This is achieved using a three-stage intervention that consists first of the mechanical removal of mesoscale BUEs, followed by an abrasive slurry treatment to remove the microscale BUEs. Finally, the tool is cleaned using a nonwoven fibrous mat to remove the slurry debris. An on-machine implementation of this intervention technique is demonstrated, followed by a study of its influence on key micromachining outcomes such as tool wear, cutting forces, part geometry, and burr formation. In general, all relevant machining measures are found to improve significantly with the intervention. The key attributes of this intervention that makes it viable for micromachining processes include the following: (i) an experimental setup that can be implemented within the working volume of the microscale machine tool; (ii) no removal of the tool from the spindle, which ensures that the intervention does not change critical process parameters such as tool runout and offset values; and (iii) implementation in the form of canned G-code subroutines dispersed within the regular micromachining operation.

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Rapid Production of PDMS Microdevices for Electrodriven Separations and Microfluidics by 3D-Printed Scaffold Removal

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations8050067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Alena Šustková ◽

Klára Konderlová ◽

Ester Drastíková ◽

Stefan Sützl ◽

Lenka Hárendarčíková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Dyes ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Magnetic Microparticles ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Glass Slides ◽

Rapid Production ◽

3D Printed

In our work, we produced PDMS-based microfluidic devices by mechanical removal of 3D-printed scaffolds inserted in PDMS. Two setups leading to the fabrication of monolithic PDMS-based microdevices and bonded (or stamped) PDMS-based microdevices were designed. In the monolithic devices, the 3D-printed scaffolds were fully inserted in the PDMS and then carefully removed. The bonded devices were produced by forming imprints of the 3D-printed scaffolds in PDMS, followed by bonding the PDMS parts to glass slides. All these microfluidic devices were then successfully employed in three proof-of-concept applications: capture of magnetic microparticles, formation of droplets, and isotachophoresis separation of model organic dyes.

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A simple method for creating micro structured surfaces through mechanical removal process

The Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch ◽

10.1299/jsmekyushu.2021.74.f34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021.74 (0) ◽

pp. F34

Author(s):

Hajime YAMAGUCHI ◽

AL HYYI HADI ◽

Koshi SAKATA ◽

Keiji KASAMURA ◽

Yuta NAKASHIMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simple Method ◽

Structured Surfaces ◽

Removal Process ◽

Mechanical Removal

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Tonic regulation of vascular tone by nitric oxide and chloride ions in rat isolated small coronary arteries

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.6.h2604 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (6) ◽

pp. H2604-H2611 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jonathan E. Graves ◽

Iain A. Greenwood ◽

William A. Large

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Vascular Tone ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Bathing Solution ◽

Contractile Mechanism ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Voltage Dependent ◽

Physiological Saline Solution

We have investigated the involvement of Cl− in regulating vascular tone in rat isolated coronary arteries mounted on a small vessel myograph. Mechanical removal of the endothelium or inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10−4 M) led to contraction of rat coronary arteries, and these contractions were sensitive to nicardipine (10−6 M). This suggests that release of NO tonically inhibits a contractile mechanism that involves voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. In arteries contracted withl-NAME, switching the bathing solution to physiological saline solution with a reduced Cl− concentration potentiated the contraction. DIDS (5 × 10−6–3 × 10−4 M) caused relaxation of l-NAME-induced tension (IC50 = 55 ± 10 μM), providing evidence for a role of Cl−. SITS (10−5–5 × 10−4 M) did not affectl-NAME-induced tension, suggesting that DIDS is not acting by inhibition of anion exchange. Mechanical removal of the endothelium led to contraction of arteries, which was sensitive to DIDS (IC50 = 50 ± 8 μM) and was not affected by SITS. This study suggests that, in rat coronary arteries, NO tonically suppresses a contractile mechanism that involves a Cl−conductance.

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Remodeling of the Corneal Epithelial Scaffold for Treatment of Persistent Epithelial Defects in Diabetic Keratopathy

Case Reports in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1159/000490479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 333-340

Author(s):

Manami Ohta ◽

Yukiko Morita ◽

Naoyuki Yamada ◽

Teruo Nishida ◽

Naoyuki Morishige

Keyword(s):

Wound Closure ◽

Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Repeat Surgery ◽

Corneal Epithelial ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Incomplete Healing ◽

Diabetic Keratopathy ◽

Persistent Epithelial Defects

Background: To develop a strategy based on surgical removal of a degenerated corneal epithelial scaffold for treatment of persistent epithelial defects (PEDs) in diabetic keratopathy. Case Presentation: Three diabetic patients with PEDs were initially treated with eyedrops containing the fibronectin-based peptide PHSRN (Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn) or both the substance P-derived peptide FGLM-NH2 and the insulin-like growth factor-1-derived peptide SSSR. A degenerated Bowman’s layer or calcified lesion thought to be responsible for incomplete healing was surgically removed after confirmation of reactivity to the peptide eyedrops. All three patients achieved complete epithelial wound closure after surgery. Two cases treated by phototherapeutic keratectomy or lamellar keratoplasty did not show PED recurrence during 6 or 36 months of follow-up, respectively. One case treated by mechanical removal of a degenerated Bowman’s layer manifested recurrence after 1 month, but resurfacing of the defect was again achieved after repeat surgery. Conclusion: We propose a new strategy for treatment of diabetic PEDs based on surgical remodeling of the corneal epithelial scaffold for patients who respond to peptide eyedrops but fail to achieve wound closure.

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In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Evaluation in Patients with Keratoconus

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm11020393 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

Alvin Wei Jun Teo ◽

Hassan Mansoor ◽

Nigel Sim ◽

Molly Tzu-Yu Lin ◽

Yu-Chi Liu

Keyword(s):

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Nerve Fibre ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Fibre Length ◽

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy ◽

Corneal Sensitivity ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Cellular Changes

Keratoconus is the most common primary corneal ectasia characterized by progressive focal thinning. Patients experience increased irregular astigmatism, decreased visual acuity and corneal sensitivity. Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL), a minimally invasive procedure, is effective in halting disease progression. Historically, keratoconus research was confined to ex vivo settings. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) has been used to examine the corneal microstructure clinically. In this review, we discuss keratoconus cellular changes evaluated by IVCM before and after CXL. Cellular changes before CXL include decreased keratocyte and nerve densities, disorganized subbasal nerves with thickening, increased nerve tortuosity and shortened nerve fibre length. Repopulation of keratocytes occurs up to 1 year post procedure. IVCM also correlates corneal nerve status to functional corneal sensitivity. Immediately after CXL, there is reduced nerve density and keratocyte absence due to mechanical removal of the epithelium and CXL effect. Nerve regeneration begins after 1 month, with nerve fibre densities recovering to pre-operative levels between 6 months to 1 year and remains stable up to 5 years. Nerves remain tortuous and nerve densities are reduced. Corneal sensitivity is reduced immediately postoperatively but recovers with nerve regeneration. Our article provides comprehensive review on the use of IVCM imaging in keratoconus patients.

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Optimization of two-stage cooling conditions for wire rod diameter 5.5–6.5 mm of low-carbon steel grades in order to ensure the required degree of descaling mechanically before its subsequent processing

Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY) ◽

10.21122/1683-6065-2018-3-63-66 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

V. V. Savinkov ◽

I. A. Kovaleva

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Optimal Thickness ◽

Wire Rod ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Cooling Conditions ◽

Steel Grades ◽

The Wire

With the aim of obtaining scale with a high degree possibility of mechanical removal under the conditions of the section rolling shop No. 1, at the mill «150» JSC «Belarusian Metallurgical Works – Management Company of Holding «BMC» developed technological modes of production of wire rods made of low-carbon steel grades.The peculiarities of scale formation were studied, namely, the factors influencing the removability, obtaining the optimal thickness and its phase components on the wire rod diameter 5.5–6.5 mm in the cooling process immediately after rolling, intended for wire production.To obtain the necessary ratio of the phase constituents of the scales on the surface of the wire rod, the following factors was taken into account: the temperature of the layout of the turns on the roller table in the air cooling line; (uniformity along the length of the turn), the cooling conditions of the helix of the turns (prevention of the 4FeO = Fe3O4-Fe decay), where the condition of cooling the wire rod from 600 to 250 °С, not exceeding 100 s, must be observed.The results of metallographic studies of scale on the wire surface are presented. The introduced technological regimes provided the optimal thickness and the FeO / Fe3O4 ratio after the experimental rolling of the metal. Exhausted cooling regimes allowed to reduce the consumption of fiber for all types of wire.

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