COVID-19 Health Warnings among Low Socio-Economic People: A Cross-sectional Study in Bangladesh

BackgroundSharing and gifting cigarettes are common in China. These social practices promote cigarette consumption, and consequently may reduce quit rates in China. This study investigated sharing and gifting cigarettes, and the relationship of observing pictorial health warnings to attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes in China.MethodsWe conducted an online nationwide cross-sectional study of 9818 adults in China. Experiences of sharing and gifting cigarettes, and attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes before and after viewing text and pictorial health warnings on the packages were assessed, and compared between smokers and non-smokers.ResultsMost current smokers reported experiences of sharing (97%) and gifting (around 90%) cigarettes. Less than half of non-smokers reported sharing cigarettes and receiving gifted cigarettes, but over half (61.4%) gave cigarettes as a gift to others. More than half of non-smokers but less than 10% of smokers disagreed with sharing and gifting cigarettes. After observing both text and pictorial health warnings on the packages, disagreement with sharing and gifting cigarettes increased by more than 10 percentage points among both smokers and non-smokers.ConclusionHaving pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages may reduce sharing and gifting cigarettes in China.

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A cross-sectional study on awareness and perceptions regarding taxation and health warnings and factors influencing decreased consumption of sugar sweetened beverages among medical students of Bhopal, India with respect to future implementation of such policies

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 2431

Author(s):

Soumya K. Mandal ◽

G. Revadi ◽

Darshan Parida ◽

Sembagamuthu Sembiah ◽

Anindo Majumdar

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Warnings ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Warning ◽

Sweetened Beverages

Background: Consumption of excessive sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to non-communicable diseases. It is imperative to understand the perceptions regarding taxation and health warnings amongst the medical students, since they are important stakeholders and as there is some evidence that the government may introduce these soon. Objective was to document the awareness and perceptions about taxation and health warnings on SSBs and the predictors of decreasing consumption of SSBs with regards to their future implementation.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all the undergraduate medical students of a premier teaching hospital of central India during October and November 2019. A web-based self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection using Kobo toolbox. Data were analysed using the SPSS software version 24 (IBM SPSS).Results: About three fourths of the study participants were not aware of any taxes on SSBs and had never seen any health warning on SSB packaging. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that those aged ≥ 20 were not in favour of decreasing SSB consumption if health warning is present. Participants who were females, whose fathers were professionals, had consumed SSB in the previous seven days, were aware of taxes and those with inadequate sleep were not in favour of decreasing SSB consumption if taxes are increased.Conclusions: There is a need to include health education regarding the harmful effects of consumption of SSBs and to make aware of the benefits of the taxes and warning labels beginning from school days and continued during medical schools.

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Effects of Graphic Health Warning on Tobacco Packs: A Cross-Sectional Study among Low Socioeconomic Group in Bangladesh

The Journal of Smoking Cessation ◽

10.1155/2021/1354885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Md. Tuhin Mia ◽

Mohammad Mahbub Alam Talukder ◽

Md. Mokshead Ali ◽

Md. Ismael

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Text Messages ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Warnings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Graphic Warning

Background. Tobacco use is a significant health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, where the greatest incidence of tobacco consumption occurs in a number of forms smoking, smokeless, and indigenous. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires tobacco product packaging to include adequate health warnings (text and visual). The study’s objective is to investigate the effects of graphic health warnings on tobacco packs among Bangladeshi low socioeconomic groups. Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The study was conducted with 400 participants (low socioeconomic people) by using the systematic sampling technique through a semistructured questionnaire in Demra and Tongi industrial areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh during September 2019-November 2020. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential analysis (i.e., chi-square tests) were performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0) to explore the relationship between the graphic warning and the use of tobacco. Results. This study illustrates that 89% of respondents smoke only cigarette or bidi, where 95.1% were daily smokers. About 72.2% reported pictorial warning message was more understandable while 90.8% reported the existing text warnings explicitly visualize the health harms. It has been found that there was a significant association between the respondent’s opinion on the text warning that encouraged the respondent to quit tobacco use and the text messages “smoking causes throat and lung cancer” ( p < 0.001 ) and “smoking causes respiratory problems” ( p < 0.001 ). Around 96.7% knew about the graphic health warnings on the cigarette packets where 99.2% reported graphic warning explicitly visualizes the health harms. In graphical warnings, text messages have a great influence on quitting smoking where “smoking causes throat and lung cancer” ( p < 0.001 ) and “smoking causes stroke” ( p < 0.001 ). Nearly 79.2% of respondents thought the color of the graphic warning should be “Red” and a significant association between the color and the education level of the respondents explored here ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. GHWs are more understandable on tobacco packets, and it has significant impacts on being aware of health consequences from tobacco consumption.

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Adolescent and adult perceptions of the effects of larger size graphic health warnings on conventional and plain tobacco packs in India: A community-based cross-sectional study

Tobacco Induced Diseases ◽

10.18332/tid/110677 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (October) ◽

Author(s):

Gaurang Nazar ◽

Monika Arora ◽

Vinay Gupta ◽

Tina Rawal ◽

Amit Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Warnings ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

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OPINI PEMILIK DAN PENJAGA WARUNG SERTA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERINGATAN KESEHATAN BERGAMBAR PADA BUNGKUS ROKOK DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy ◽

10.51602/cmhp.v1i2.25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Gayatri Ayodhya

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Warnings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Product Packaging ◽

Cigarette Advertising ◽

Evaluation Survey ◽

Cigarette Packs

Pictorial health warnings must be included in the packaging of tobacco products. It has been regulated by Health Minister of Republic Indonesia number 28 of 2013 about Inclusion of Pictorial Health Warnings and Health Information on Tobacco Product Packaging since June 24, 2014. The purpose of this study was to look an overview opinions regarding pictorial health warnings to Banyuwangi shop owners, shopkeepers and community. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the policy evaluation survey, ban on outdoor cigarette advertising in Banyuwangi. The respondent was interviewed about the opinion consisted of 114 shop owners and shopkeepers who displayed cigarette advertisements and 131 community randomly selected. The results showed 86.9% of shop owners, 85.7% of shopkeepers and 87.8% of community agreed or strongly agreed with the pictorial health warnings and if the picture was enlarged, as many as 67.7% of shop owners, 61.9% of shopkeepers and 72.5% of community agreed or strongly agreed. 56.9% of shop owners and 28.6% of shopkeepers, and 40.5% community stated the pictorial health warnings didn’t make them not smoke. In addition, as many as 45.2% of shop owners and 42.9% of shopkeepers and 52.7% of community agreed or strongly agreed that cigarette packs were not displayed in stalls. 87,3% respondent agree that pictures of health warnings on cigarette packs but only 69,8% agree if the picture is enlarged. The picture is not enough to prevent people from smoking. Nearly half of the respondent agreed to ban the display of cigarette packs in stalls.

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Current smokers’ perception of cigarette graphic health warnings and smoking habits: a cross sectional study from Nepal

Health Prospect ◽

10.3126/hprospect.v15i1.14462 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 2-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

Parash Mani Bhandari ◽

Sujan Babu Marahatta ◽

Hari Krishan Singh Rana ◽

Pawan Acharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Warnings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Health Warning ◽

Metropolitan City ◽

Quit Smoking

Background: Nepal introduced Tobacco Products (Control and Regulatory) Act in 2011. This act has mandatory provision of enlarged graphical health warning in Nepali language on at least 75% area on the package of all the tobacco products. This study examined the perception of cigarette graphic health warnings and smoking habits among current smokers.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Butwal sub-metropolitan city in Rupandehi district of Nepal. Among 19 wards of the sub-metropolitan city, four wards were selected randomly by computer-generated codes. Enumerators purposively selected 10 shops from each ward, then recruited every third cigarette buyer from each shop to make a total of five. Smoking status was ascertained by asking if they had ever smoked in last thirty days. We approached 200 people, of whom 40 (20.0%) didn’t agree to participate and 10 (5.0%) didn’t smoke currently. Thus, information from 150 current smokers was finally included in the analysis.Results: Nearly 71% of respondents said they would smoke even if the price of cigarette was doubled. Similarly, 55.3% reported that they had intention to quit smoking, followed by 62.0% agreeing on taxation of cigarette and tobacco products is essential. Nearly 81% said it is necessary to keep health warnings in the package of cigarette. About 87% knew that the Government of Nepal has introduced some regulations to control tobacco products. Nearly 80% of respondents had heard of new provision on enlarged graphic health warning on cigarette packages. More than one-fourth (26.7%) had reduced the frequency of smoking since they started using packages with enlarged graphic health warning.Conclusion: Majority had heard of graphic health warning on cigarette packages. Greater than a half of the respondents had intention to quit smoking, and nearly two-third identified taxation as important means to control smoking. A quarter of respondents reported that they forewent smoking after they started using new packages with enlarged graphic health warning. Further research on impact of graphic health warning on smoking levels through repeated cross sectional studies can be the future research priority.

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Patients' understanding of words used to describe lumps: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215105006481 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Neil K Chadha ◽

Costa Repanos

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.1.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evelyn R. Klein ◽

Barbara J. Amster

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Graduate Programs ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Graduate Course ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fluency Disorders ◽

Introductory Course ◽

Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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