Methodik zur Bewertung von Flugverfahren hinsichtlich Fluglärm und weiteren Kriterien/Development of a validation procedure for flight procedures based on a cost-benefit analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
M. Müller ◽  
C. Strümpfel
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Validation Procedure

Geänderte Betriebsverfahren an Flughäfen können für Bewohner von flughafennahen Gebieten verminderten Fluglärm und verbesserte Luftqualität bedeuten, während in anderen Gebieten im Umkreis von Flughäfen gegensätzliche Effekte zu beobachten sind. Folglich ist an Flughäfen, insbesondere jenen in Industrieländern, ein massiver Interessenkonflikt während des Flugbetriebs und in Hinblick auf Änderungen von flugbetrieblichen Verfahren zu beobachten. Während der Luftverkehr kontinuierlich wächst [1], sind positive wirtschaftliche Effekte für Flughäfen unbestritten. Dennoch konzentriert sich der aktuelle öffentliche Streit auf die Lärmbelastung durch abfliegende und ankommende Flugzeuge sowie den Boden- und Rollverkehr.   Modified operating procedures at airports may mean reduced aircraft noise and improved air quality for residents of near-airport areas, while conflicting effects may be observed in other areas around airports. Consequently, airports, especially those in industrialized countries, are experiencing a massive conflict of interest during flight operations and with regard to changes in flight operations procedures. While aviation continues to grow [1], positive economic effects for airports are undisputed. Nevertheless, the current public dispute focuses on the noise pollution from departing and arriving aircraft as well as ground and taxi traffic.

scholarly journals THE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL GAMBLING OFFICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 13(62) (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Ștefan Bulboacă ◽  
Ovidiu Mircea Țierean
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Gambling Industry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

"This paper aims to evaluate the economic effects that the Romanian National Gambling Office has over the gambling industry and to determine whether this public institution brings enough benefits to cover the costs. The aim of the research was to gather information about the Romanian gambling industry, the way that this industry is managed and to make a comparison between its societal costs and benefits. "

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of tetanus prophylaxis by a mathematical model

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carducci ◽  
C.M. Avio ◽  
M. Bendinelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination

SUMMARYA mathematical model has been developed which allows estimation of the epidemiological and economic effects of different tetanus vaccination strategies. The model was used to simulate the epidemiology of tetanus in italy from 1955 to 1982, and then applied to a district of Tuscany by utilizing data obtained from a seroepidemiological survey carried out in the same area. For this district we simulated vaccination programmes designed to reach, within 1 or 10 years, coverages of 60 or 90% of the population aged over 10 years who had not been exposed to the neonatal vaccination programme. The most effective strategy, from both the epidemiological and economic point of view, seems to be 90% coverage reached in 1 year's time. Benefits would be increased by improving the reliability of vaccinal anamnesis.

scholarly journals The Nature of the Original "Firm": A Coasean Cost-Benefit Analysis of Legalizing Prostitution

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Malia Dalesandry
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
Legal Perspective

Though there have been many studies of prostitution from the legal perspective, the feminist perspective, the societal perspective, and the moral, ethical, and religious perspective, the current breadth of literature does not include a cost-benefit analysis from which to examine its economic effects. This paper attempts a comprehensive analysis of legalizing prostitution while noting deficiencies in data and recognizing variations when interpreting existing data. The most salient monetary costs and benefits are discussed and calculated, and many others are included for the sake of a more developed examination. After a sensitivity analysis and a brief discussion of how Coase’s theorem may be utilized to determine economic efficiency, the conclusion and final recommendation is that, because economic benefits vastly outweigh economic costs, all states could benefit economically from legalizing prostitution.

scholarly journals Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis of Prefabricated Public Housing in Beijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaicheng Shen ◽  
Chen Cheng ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Zhihui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Technology Application

In recent years, prefabricated housing has become increasingly popular and widely promoted due to its potential to improve the construction environment, quality and productivity. To develop prefabricated housing and address housing challenges, the Chinese government is encouraging prefabricated public housing. Consequently, evaluating the environmental performance of prefabricated public housing to identify whether it is environmentally friendly and worthy of investment is urgently needed. This paper compares the costs and benefits of prefabricated public projects and traditional projects based on a questionnaire and field investigation. The paper introduces information from the collected questionnaires on the respondents and projects in Beijing; this information includes the prefabrication rate, technology application, barriers, and industrial performance. The paper also reports a cost-benefit analysis of the changing rates of construction costs and environmental benefits (energy consumption, water usage, construction waste, steel and concrete usage, dust and noise pollution) by using the ∆B/∆C ratio to show the efficiency of prefabricated housing. The results indicate that the ratio is 1.81, which exceeds 1; therefore, investment in prefabricated public housing is environmentally acceptable and efficient. This paper also discusses the efficiencies in different categories and structures with and without incentives. The results show that the costs are higher and the environmental benefits are efficient but not significant; thus, promoting prefabricated public housing is necessary.

Cost-benefit analysis of alternatives to mitigate the air quality and health impacts from agricultural residue burning in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyu Lan ◽  
Sebastian Eastham ◽  
Leslie Norford ◽  
Steven Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Analysis Of Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

<p>Poor air quality in India affects the health of millions living in one of the most populated regions in the world. Agricultural residue burning as a common way to remove crop waste and make fields for the next planting season contributes to this problem and, despite attempts to reduce agricultural fires, remains a recurring issue due to a lack of viable alternatives. As India population grows, more food production will be needed, with yet more crop residue to burn. Sustainable and economically feasible interventions are therefore needed to mitigate the impact of agricultural residue burning. To support policy-making, an adjoint modeling approach has been applied to estimate how air quality and health impacts respond to changes in specific time and location of burning, and how effective potential mitigation options might be in reducing them.</p><p>This work extends based upon these initial findings and seeks to provide a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives to agricultural residue burning using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model. With a multi-year assessment that accounts for the impact of inter-annual variability of meteorology, the public cost presented in terms of the monetary valuation of air quality damages resulting from population exposure and health impacts due to emissions of agricultural burning,<span>  </span>and the private returns presented in terms of the individual profit from crop cultivation for farmers in India, are quantified in order to better understand the potential trade-offs between air quality improvement and economic benefit.</p><p>The end results focusing on northwestern India during the post-monsoon rice residue burning season, where the majority of agricultural fires in India come from, show that appropriate measures, including crop diversification, agricultural mechanization and shifting the time of burning, may help avoid air quality damages from agricultural residue burning without risking the income of farmers. Proper incentive mechanisms such as subsidies for investment cost and compensation for human effort may further facilitate the best possible outcomes. These findings help inform better decision-making to mitigate the impacts of agricultural fires and reduce the uncertainties regarding sustainable agricultural practices not just for India but also for regions and countries facing similar issues.</p>

Public Sector Investment Planning for Developing Countries By E. V. K. FitzGerald. London : MacMillan Press Ltd. 1978. xv + 200 pp.Price : £ Stg. 3.50.

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-189
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Project Evaluation ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

While the book under review provides a critical evaluation of cost-benefit analysis, it mainly focuses on the relevance and utility of project evaluation techniques for development planning. It has been argued in the book that no project can be meaningfully evaluated in isolation because its impact not only is confined to the project itself but tends to spill over to other projects as well. Such spill-over effects become all the more critical when the induced economic effects of that project are not marginal. In addition to the interdependence between projects, the author has drawn attention to an oft-neglected but very important aspect of cost-benefit analysis: Shadow prices are not very meaningful in the context of project evaluation exercise in the real world if they are computed without considering the structure of the economy, the pace of development and income distribution.

scholarly journals Climate Change Will Unravel Air Quality Regulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bento ◽  
David Adler ◽  
Noah Miller ◽  
Edson Severnini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Using daily data for the United States over the period 1980-2019, we estimate the impacts of temperature on ambient ozone concentrations, accounting for adaptation to climatic change. We find that even with adaptation, rises in temperature will steeply increase ozone levels by over 9 ppb on days above 25◦C. By mid-century, we calculate that 189 additional counties will be violating the air quality standards, with 33 million more residents exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone. Climate change will thus put the ambient ozone standards at risk as the costs of compliance with existing standards will likely increase. In light of a recent EPA ruling that would effectively remove co-benefits from ozone precursor reductions from the cost-benefit analysis of those standards, they will be in peril.

scholarly journals Application of selected methods for effectiveness evaluation on the example of modernization of ST44 diesel locomotive

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Magdalena Satora ◽  
Maciej Szkoda
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Effectiveness Evaluation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
The Cost

The paper presents the effectiveness evaluation of modernization of the ST44 diesel locomotive based on the analysis of the Life Cycle Cost Analysis and the Cost-Benefit Analysis. The analysis was aimed at identifying measurable economic effects obtained thanks to the modernization of the locomotive in the 25-year period of operation.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Sargazi ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Rajabali Daroudi ◽  
Azin Nahvijou ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccines

Abstract Background: Despite increasing global attention to the national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program, this program is controversial in Iran. Evidence indicate that HPV vaccination is not cost-effective in Iran. Using cost-effectiveness analysis for decision-making about public health interventions such as vaccination is debated, because its potential benefits may not fit this framework. Our objective was to evaluate economic effects of HPV vaccination by cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In this case, we used bivalent and quadrivalent in Iran in 2020. Methods: We performed a CBA from a societal perspective. We used two approaches of the vaccine's economic benefit: willingness to pay by discrete choice experiment; and cost of illness. Costs only included the vaccine cost. Results: The cost of two doses of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines were US $ 29 and US $ 151, respectively (US $1 =IRR 42,000). The benefits of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines were US $ -432, and US $ 380 per person using willingness to pay approach and they were US $ 7,375 and US $ 6,590 thorough cost-of-illness approach. The cost-benefit ratio (CBR) of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines was -15.114 and 2.512 by willingness to pay approach, and it was 258.12 and 43.51, by cost of illness approach. Conclusions: This study confirms the benefit of both the national bivalent and quadrivalent vaccination program and provide reliable evidence for policy-makers when programming HPV vaccination.

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