scholarly journals An investigation into adhesives to consolidate distemper paintings on canvas

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Cristina Castro Simarro
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Historical Reconstructions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates traditional and modern adhesives used to consolidate distemper paintings on canvas, with special reference to sixteenth century Hispano-tüchlein paintings, also called sargas. Such artworks are not only difficult to handle due to their large size, but they are also inherently fragile and/or are highly hygroscopic. This sensitivity is caused in part by the nature of the painting technique as well as the lack of varnish, which might account for why conservation methods related to these works have not been addressed in the past. This investigation was conducted on historical reconstructions samples to assess and develop treatment strategies for distemper paintings, in particular issues linked to powdery/friable matte paint layers. The impact of several adhesives on the painted surface of historical reconstructions was evaluated before and after the samples were subjected to humidity cycling tests using a range of analytical techniques. Such information can be used to aid conservators who face consolidation issues related to underbound paintings or artworks with similar surfaces. The results reveal that there is no one perfect adhesive for matte paint nor one that can be removed completely, once applied. Aquazol® 200 and Funori performed the best, but still introduced changes in colour and gloss, even if minimal.

Enlightening Symbols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Number System ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Mathematical Notation ◽  
Rhetorical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Different Cultures

While all of us regularly use basic mathematical symbols such as those for plus, minus, and equals, few of us know that many of these symbols weren't available before the sixteenth century. What did mathematicians rely on for their work before then? And how did mathematical notations evolve into what we know today? This book explains the fascinating history behind the development of our mathematical notation system. It shows how symbols were used initially, how one symbol replaced another over time, and how written math was conveyed before and after symbols became widely adopted. Traversing mathematical history and the foundations of numerals in different cultures, the book looks at how historians have disagreed over the origins of the number system for the past two centuries. It follows the transfigurations of algebra from a rhetorical style to a symbolic one, demonstrating that most algebra before the sixteenth century was written in prose or in verse employing the written names of numerals. It also investigates the subconscious and psychological effects that mathematical symbols have had on mathematical thought, moods, meaning, communication, and comprehension. It considers how these symbols influence us (through similarity, association, identity, resemblance, and repeated imagery), how they lead to new ideas by subconscious associations, how they make connections between experience and the unknown, and how they contribute to the communication of basic mathematics. From words to abbreviations to symbols, this book shows how math evolved to the familiar forms we use today.

scholarly journals Care Dependency in Non-Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk W. Vaes ◽  
Felipe V.C. Machado ◽  
Roy Meys ◽  
Jeannet M. Delbressine ◽  
Yvonne M.J. Goertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Level Of Care ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Care Dependency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background: A large sample of “mild” COVID-19 patients still experience multiple symptoms months after being infected. These persistent symptoms are associated with many clinically relevant outcomes, including poor health status and impaired functional status. To date, no information is available about care dependency. Therefore, we aimed to explore the level of care dependency and the need for assistance with personal care in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: Members of two Facebook groups for COVID-19 patients with persistent complaints in The Netherlands and Belgium, and from a panel of people who registered at a website of the Lung Foundation Netherlands, were assessed for demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, health status, and symptoms. In addition, patients were asked about their dependence on others for personal care before and after the infection. The level of care dependency was assessed with the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) in members of the Belgian Facebook group (n = 210). Results: The data of 1837 non-hospitalized patients (86% women; median (IQR) age: 47 (38–54)) were analyzed. Only a small proportion of patients needed help with personal care before COVID-19, but the care need increased significantly after the infection (on average 79 ± 17 days after the onset of symptoms; 7.7% versus 52.4%, respectively; p < 0.05). The patients had a median (IQR) CDS score of 72 (67–75) points, and 31% of the patients were considered as care-dependent (CDS score ≤ 68 points). Conclusions: COVID-19 has an important impact on care dependency in non-hospitalized patients. About three months after the onset of symptoms, a considerable proportion of non-hospitalized patients were to some degree dependent on others for personal care. This indicates that the impact of COVID-19 on patients’ daily lives is tremendous, and more attention is needed to identify optimal treatment strategies to restore patients’ independency.

The Seventeenth Century Doctrine of Plastic Nature

1950 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
English History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

Few eras are more interesting and profitable to study than those in which the basic ideas of mankind change under the impact of new discoveries and ideas. Our own appears to be such a period; of previous ages perhaps only the ebullient Renaissance can equal it. At its English beginnings in the sixteenth century men reached avidly for new experiences; in the course of time they tried to codify them into theories which would do justice to the observed facts and at the same time harmonize as far as possible with the dicta transmitted from the past. These early efforts resulted in the foundation of the modern methods of science, not to mention permanent and still unchallenged achievements like Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood or Boyle's theory of gases. Such is the seventeenth century: the first great age of scientific generalization in English history.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ALTERNATIVES FOR SAVING AND INVESTING IN THE POSTPANDEMIC PERIOD. CASE STUDY: ROMANIA

2021 ◽  
Vol S.I. (2) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Alexandru Mihai Alexandru Mihai ◽  
◽  
Ruxandra DINULESCU ◽  
Florin PUCHEANU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Approach ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops investigations in the field of saving and investing techniques related to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the Romanian trading market. The study focuses particularly on the alternatives for accumulation of money capital which can lead to a positive long-term return. The research aims to investigate the available current services and opportunities in the Romanian investment market and their returns after the pandemic. Towards this objective, the study presents the past returns for several products and the users potential risks. Furthermore, an investigation is conducted based on the latest statistics whereas different variants of portfolios are presented. Unlike most of the previous studies, this analysis has a double approach: evaluating viable alternatives depending on several characteristics and simultaneously developing a long-term potential strategy that could be used to ensure the financial future of an individual in the period of the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic. This contribution provides an initial analysis of the saving and investing market of Romania before and after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Surfactant — Where Are We in 2003?

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Surfactant Administration ◽  
The Impact

Surfactant research has progressed over the past several years to the extent that exogenous surfactant administration in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is now being evaluated. Unfortunately, clinical responses have been variable, and we now need to take a look at how surfactant is altered in this disease so that more effective treatment strategies can be developed. This review briefly discusses the biophysical and host defense properties of surfactant, the impact of mechanical ventilation (MV) on the endogenous surfactant system and the most recent clinical data involving exogenous surfactant administration in patients with ARDS. Discussions regarding future directions of surfactant research both in ARDS and diseases other than acute lung injury are included.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 Have Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junda Wang ◽  
Xupin Zhang ◽  
Jiebo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

While the long-term effects of COVID-19 are yet to be determined, its immediate impact on crowdfunding is nonetheless significant. This study takes a computational approach to more deeply comprehend this change. Using a unique data set of all the campaigns published over the past two years on GoFundMe, we explore the factors that have led to the successful funding of a crowdfunding project. In particular, we study a corpus of crowdfunded projects, analyzing cover images and other variables commonly present on crowdfunding sites. Furthermore, we construct a classifier and a regression model to assess the significance of features based on XGBoost. In addition, we employ counterfactual analysis to investigate the causality between features and the success of crowdfunding. More importantly, sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test are performed to examine the differences in crowdfunding campaigns before and after the COVID-19 outbreak that started in March 2020. First, we note that there is significant racial disparity in crowdfunding success. Second, we find that sad emotion expressed through the campaign's description became significant after the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering all these factors, our findings shed light on the impact of COVID-19 on crowdfunding campaigns.

scholarly journals A study on the need and impact of emotional intelligence with special reference to managerial effectiveness in the organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.7) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Mrs. Vani Murugesan ◽  
Dr H Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Managerial Effectiveness ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Emotional intelligence (EI) plays avital role in enhancing managerial effectiveness, which is closely related to the professional growth and achievement of an individual in any organization. The study intends to discover the impact of various attributes of EI on the managerial effectiveness in inorganization. Various researches in the past haved hailed Emotional Intelligence as critical to succeed in professional roles. Four factors (i.e.) Self-management, Self-regulation, Internal motivation and empathy had been taken into study to measure the managerial effectiveness of employees [1]. The methodology concerned with this system uses responses based on certain variables, which are closely related to emotional intelligence and managerial effectiveness in an organization. Results show that these four factors have a positive implication on the managerial effectiveness and on the professional performance of an manager in organization

scholarly journals Boat noise interferes with Lusitanian toadfish acoustic communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alves ◽  
Manuel Vieira ◽  
M. Clara P. Amorim ◽  
Paulo J. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Active Space ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anthropogenic Sounds ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic noise is considered a major underwater pollutant as increasing ocean background noise due to human activities is impacting aquatic organisms. One of the most prevalent anthropogenic sounds is boat noise. Although motorboat traffic has increased in the past few decades, its impact on the communication of fish is still poorly known. The highly vocal Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus) is an excellent model to test the impact of this anthropogenic stressor as it relies on acoustic communication to attract mates. Here, we performed two experiments to test the impact of boat noise on the acoustic communication of the Lusitanian toadfish. Using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) technique, we first compared the maximum distance a fish can perceive a boatwhistle (BW), the mate attraction acoustic signal, before and after embedding it in boat noise. Noises from a small motorboat and from a ferryboat reduced the active space from a control value of 6.4–10.4 m to 1.7–2.5 m and 6.3–6.7 m, respectively. In the second experiment we monitored the acoustic behaviour of breeding males exposed to boat noise playbacks and we observed an increase in the inter-onset interval of BWs and a disruption of the usual vocal interactions between singing males. These results demonstrate that boat noise can severely reduce the acoustic active space and affect the chorusing behaviour in this species, which may have consequences in breeding success for individuals and could thus affect fitness.

scholarly journals The Impact of Meaning Expansion at Al-Safadi in The Interpretation of Kashif Al-Asrar Wa Hatik Al-Star

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Azhar Muadh Abdulaleem Alsaadi
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The expansion of meaning in the linguistic connotation in general and the Qur’an in particular is broad and multifaceted, represented by the ability of a single word or phrase to bear the meanings of several in a single expression. The context of the text and its coordination with what is before and after it to find out the intended meaning, and Al-Safadi was aware of his linguistic taste in standing on the phenomenon (expansion of meaning) and turned in his mindset the interpretation of possible meanings according to what the context requires in the Qur’anic expression. In this research, I will discuss some of the expressions that Al-Safadi expands on the meaning of some of the verbs mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in the context of his interpretation of the Qur’anic verses. The research was divided into three demands: The first topic: Expanding the meaning of the past tense. The second topic: Expanding the meaning of the present verb. The third topic: Expanding the meaning of the verb command.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Obesity in the Pathogenesis of Youth-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Its Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. March ◽  
Dorothy J. Becker ◽  
Ingrid M. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Since the 1980s, there has been a dramatic rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in pediatric populations, in large part driven by sedentary lifestyles and changing dietary patterns with more processed foods. In parallel with the rise in pediatric obesity in the general population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Adiposity has been implicated in a variety of mechanisms both potentiating the risk for type 1 diabetes as well as exacerbating long-term complications, particularly cardiovascular disease. Treatment options targeting the unique needs of obese pediatric patients, both before and after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, are limited. In this review, we discuss the history of the epidemiology of the obesity epidemic in the context of pediatric type 1 diabetes, highlight the possible role of obesity in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and review the concept of “double diabetes”. The impact of obesity at and after diagnosis will be discussed, including noted differences in clinical and biochemical markers, lipid abnormalities, and long-term cardiovascular complications. Finally, we will review the existing literature on pharmacologic and nutritional interventions as potential treatment strategies for youth with coexisting type 1 diabetes and obesity.

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