scholarly journals Visual narrative comprehension: Universal or not?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Narrative Comprehension ◽  
Visual Narrative ◽  
Graphic System ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sequential Images

AbstractVisual narratives of sequential images – as found in comics, picture stories, and storyboards – are often thought to provide a fairly universal and transparent message that requires minimal learning to decode. This perceived transparency has led to frequent use of sequential images as experimental stimuli in the cognitive and psychological sciences to explore a wide range of topics. In addition, it underlines efforts to use visual narratives in science and health communication and as educational materials in both classroom settings and across developmental, clinical, and non-literate populations. Yet, combined with recent studies from the linguistic and cognitive sciences, decades of research suggest that visual narratives involve greater complexity and decoding than widely assumed. This review synthesizes observations from cross-cultural and developmental research on the comprehension and creation of visual narrative sequences, as well as findings from clinical psychology (e.g., autism, developmental language disorder, aphasia). Altogether, this work suggests that understanding the visual languages found in comics and visual narratives requires a fluency that is contingent on exposure and practice with a graphic system.

scholarly journals Being explicit about the implicit: inference generating techniques in visual narrative

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL COHN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Visual Narrative ◽  
Combinatorial Structures ◽  
Inference Generation ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Sequential Images ◽  
Verbal Discourse ◽  
Broad Level ◽  
Thought Bubbles

abstractInference has long been acknowledged as a key aspect of comprehending narratives of all kinds, be they verbal discourse or visual narratives like comics and films. While both theoretical and empirical evidence points towards such inference generation in sequential images, most of these approaches remain at a fairly broad level. Few approaches have detailed the specific cues and constructions used to signal such inferences in the first place. This paper thereby outlines several specific entrenched constructions that motivate a reader to generate inference. These techniques include connections motivated by the morphology of visual affixes like speech balloons and thought bubbles, the omission of certain narrative categories, and the substitution of narrative categories for certain classes of panels. These mechanisms all invoke specific combinatorial structures (morphology, narrative) that mismatch with the elicited semantics, and can be generalized by a set of shared descriptive features. By detailing specific constructions, this paper aims to push the study of inference in visual narratives to be explicit about when and why meaning is ‘filled in’ by a reader, while drawing connections to inference generation in other modalities.

scholarly journals Cross-Codal Integration of Bridging Event Information in Narrative Understanding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Huff ◽  
Dina Rosenfelder ◽  
Maria Oberbeck ◽  
Martin Merkt ◽  
Frank Papenmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Narrative Comprehension ◽  
Visual Narrative ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
Event Information ◽  
Text Condition ◽  
Narrative Understanding

Visual narratives communicate event sequences by using different code systems such as pictures and texts. Thus, comprehenders must integrate information from different codalities. This study addressed such cross-codal integration processes by investigating how the codality of bridging event information (i.e. pictures, text) affects the understanding of visual narrative events. In Experiment 1, bridging event information was either present (as picture or text) or absent (i.e. not shown). The viewing times for the subsequent picture depicting the end state of the action were comparable within the absent and the text conditions. Further, the viewing times for the end state picture were significantly longer in the text condition as compared to the pictorial condition. In Experiment 2, we tested whether replacing bridging event information with a blank panel increases viewing times in a way similar to the text condition. Bridging event information was either present (as picture) or absent (not shown vs. blank panel). The results replicated Experiment 1. Additionally, the viewing times for the end state pictures were longest in the blank condition. In Experiment 3, we investigated the costs related to integrating information from different codalities by directly comparing the text and picture conditions with the blank condition. The results showed that the distortion caused by the blank panel is larger than the distortion caused by cross-codal integration processes. Summarizing, we conclude that cross-codal information processing during narrative comprehension is possible but associated with additional mental effort. We discuss the results with regard to theories of narrative understanding.

scholarly journals Using deliberation to address controversial issues: Developing Holocaust education curriculum for Latvian schools

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Misco
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Holocaust Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Curriculum Deliberation

This paper explores how a cross-cultural project responded to the need for new Holocaust educational materials for the Republic of Latvia through the method of curriculum deliberation. Analysis of interview, observational, and document data drawn from seven curriculum writers and numerous project members suggest that curriculum deliberation helped awaken a controversial and silenced history while attending to a wide range of needs and concerns for a variety of stakeholders. The findings highlight structural features that empowered the curriculum writers as they engaged in protracted rumination, reflected upon competing norms, and considered the nuances of the curriculum problem in relation to implementation. Understanding the process, challenges, and promises of cross-cultural curriculum deliberation holds significance for educators, curricularists, and educational researchers wishing to advance teaching and learning within silenced histories and controversial issues.

The French in Egypt in 1798—1801: Failed Dialogue of Civilizations

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexandre Tchoudinov
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
French Army ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Napoleon Bonaparte ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Failure

The article is devoted to the problem of cross-cultural interaction between the French and the Arabs during the Egyptian expedition of Napoleon Bonaparte 1798—1801. Using a comparative analysis of a wide range of French sources and Arab chronicles, the author comes to the conclusion that Bonaparte's attempt at an inter-civilizational dialogue with the Muslim population of Egypt ended in complete failure. Based on the stereotypical ideas about the Orient, common in the French literature of the Enlightenment, Napoleon tried to play in Egypt the same role that, according to the French philosophers, the Prophet Muhammad allegedly played in his time, namely, to take advantage of the “credulity” and “superstition” of the local population to subordinate it to his power. However, the Egyptians were very skeptical concerning Bonaparte's claims about the French army's commitment to Islam and his attempts to present himself as the Mahdi, the prophet of the last times. The daily practices of the occupiers, which openly contradicted the culture of Islam, completely alienated the Muslims from the French, which resulted not only in their mutual misunderstanding, but also in real hatred for each other.

scholarly journals Employing neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in cross-cultural accounting research

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Mark Linsley ◽  
Alexander Linsley ◽  
Matthias Beck ◽  
Simon Mollan
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory, developed by the Durkheimian institutional theory, as developed by anthropologist Mary Douglas, as a suitable theory base for undertaking cross-cultural accounting research. The social theory provides a structure for examining within-country and cross-country actions and behaviours of different groups and communities. It avoids associating nations and cultures, instead contending any nation will comprise four different solidarities engaging in constant dialogues. Further, it is a dynamic theory able to take account of cultural change. Design/methodology/approach The paper establishes a case for using neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in cross-cultural accounting research by specifying the key components of the theory and addressing common criticisms. To illustrate how the theory might be utilised in the domain of accounting and finance research, a comparative interpretation of the different experiences of financialization in Germany and the UK is provided drawing on Douglas’s grid-group schema. Findings Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory is deemed sufficiently capable of interpreting the behaviours of different social groups and is not open to the same criticisms as Hofstede’s work. Differences in Douglasian cultural dialogues in the post-1945 history of Germany and the UK provide an explanation of the variations in the comparative experiences of financialization. Originality/value Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory has been used in a wide range of contexts; however, it has been little used in the context of accounting research. The adoption of the theory in future accounting research can redress a Hofstedian-bias in accounting research.

scholarly journals Important Business Considerations For Successful Entry Into The China Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Sooun Lee ◽  
Joshua Schwarz ◽  
James Coyle ◽  
Thomas Boulton ◽  
Naoki Kameda
Keyword(s):  
International Management ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Together

This case requires students to practice international management skills as they consider a wide range of important business questions for a medium-size US company looking to enter the Chinese market. Over the course of four separable modules, students determine the best entry strategy for the company, how to finance the project, how to select the best project manager and how to develop an initial marketing plan. Faculty can choose to assign some or all modules. In addition, the authors, who have implemented this case multiple times with American, Chinese, South Korean and Japanese students working together, discuss the cross-cultural lessons they have learned and recommend ways to improve cross-cultural communication. Specific case questions and case resources are provided.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO PERCEIVED DIFFERENCE IN CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Woolford-Hunt ◽  
Marlene Murray ◽  
Tevni Guerra ◽  
Kristina Beenken-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Education Psychology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Do So ◽  
Cultural Interactions

We live in a world where awareness of ethnic and cultural diversity is an ever increasing reality. Business and education turn to the social sciences to inform them about how to manage and optimize cross-cultural interactions. Although much research has been done on the impact of cross-cultural interactions on a wide range of variables, one less researched area is the endocrine response to cross-cultural interactions. In this study we set out to investigate the endocrine response to cross cultural interactions and the impact of these interactions on perceived differences. To do so we measured the pre and post levels of the stress hormone cortisol of individuals communicating in dyads for 15 minutes. Results showed a significant impact of ethnic interaction on perceived differences and cortisol levels. Practical implications of these findings could have application in the areas of education, psychology, business and human relations in general. Implications for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals 172 The Mississippi Beef Quality Assurance Program: Certification Demographics from 2015 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Alexandra M Pittman ◽  
Brandi Karisch ◽  
Carla Huston
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Bumper Sticker ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Program ◽  
Beef Quality Assurance

Abstract The Mississippi Beef Quality Assurance Program (BQA) has been in place since the early 1990s. In 2015, program materials and format were updated to reflect changing needs of clientele. The current program is a combination of in-person presentation with demonstration of tools such as castration equipment, needles, syringes, etc. to supplement the educational materials. Each registered participant receives a manual, tri-fold supplement, cooler, bumper sticker, and certificate upon completion of the certification. After viewing the presentation, participants complete a 14-question exam to test their knowledge of materials important to the BQA program. Upon passing the exam, participants receive certification, which is valid for 3 yr. Certification events are encouraged to include multiple counties, and reach a wide range of producers. In 2015 to 2017, events were specifically scheduled by state coordinators to ensure cattle producers in all areas of the state had the opportunity to attend a nearby program. Events were also held on an as requested basis. At the end of each certification, participants completed an anonymous survey reporting information on demographics and program effectiveness. From 2015 to 2019, there were 1,734 total certifications through 57 BQA programs provided. At these events, 26 states were represented. From Mississippi, 64 of 82 counties were represented. When describing total number of cattle, the majority of producers reported owning 1 to 50 head (46%) while only 3% reported owning over 1000 head. Producers also listed the total number of acres in pasture, where the majority reporting 1 to 100 acres (32%) and 6% reporting over 1000 acres. When asked to rank economic impacts, most (26%) reported an estimated more than $25 per head benefit due to increased production and marketing. In summary, producers had small number of cattle and acres of pasture but reported large economic benefits to the certification.

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