scholarly journals The pupil-size artefact (PSA) across time, viewing direction, and different eye trackers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignace T. C. Hooge ◽  
Diederick C. Niehorster ◽  
Roy S. Hessels ◽  
Dixon Cleveland ◽  
Marcus Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Vision Research ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Dependent Component ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe pupil size artefact (PSA) is the gaze deviation reported by an eye tracker during pupil size changes if the eye does not rotate. In the present study, we ask three questions: 1) how stable is the PSA over time, 2) does the PSA depend on properties of the eye tracker set up, and 3) does the PSA depend on the participants’ viewing direction? We found that the PSA is very stable over time for periods as long as 1 year, but may differ between participants. When comparing the magnitude of the PSA between eye trackers, we found the magnitude of the obtained PSA to be related to the direction of the eye-tracker-camera axis, suggesting that the angle between the participants’ viewing direction and the camera axis affects the PSA. We then investigated the PSA as a function of the participants’ viewing direction. The PSA was non-zero for viewing direction 0∘ and depended on the viewing direction. These findings corroborate the suggestion by Choe et al. (Vision Research 118(6755):48–59, 2016), that the PSA can be described by an idiosyncratic and a viewing direction-dependent component. Based on a simulation, we cannot claim that the viewing direction-dependent component of the PSA is caused by the optics of the cornea.

scholarly journals The impact of translation modality on user experience: an eye-tracking study of the Microsoft Word user interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guerberof Arenas ◽  
Joss Moorkens ◽  
Sharon O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

AbstractThis paper presents results of the effect of different translation modalities on users when working with the Microsoft Word user interface. An experimental study was set up with 84 Japanese, German, Spanish, and English native speakers working with Microsoft Word in three modalities: the published translated version, a machine translated (MT) version (with unedited MT strings incorporated into the MS Word interface) and the published English version. An eye-tracker measured the cognitive load and usability according to the ISO/TR 16982 guidelines: i.e., effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction followed by retrospective think-aloud protocol. The results show that the users’ effectiveness (number of tasks completed) does not significantly differ due to the translation modality. However, their efficiency (time for task completion) and self-reported satisfaction are significantly higher when working with the released product as opposed to the unedited MT version, especially when participants are less experienced. The eye-tracking results show that users experience a higher cognitive load when working with MT and with the human-translated versions as opposed to the English original. The results suggest that language and translation modality play a significant role in the usability of software products whether users complete the given tasks or not and even if they are unaware that MT was used to translate the interface.

Grafinscripties

Lampas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-65
Author(s):  
Onno van Nijf
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article offers a brief introduction to the most frequent type of inscription: funerary inscriptions or epitaphs. The article offers a chronological overview from the Archaic period to late Antiquity, with an emphasis on Athens. It opens with a brief discussion of the archaeological and ritual contexts in which funerary inscriptions were set up, followed by a discussion of archaic epigrams and the social strategies that lay behind them. This is followed by a discussion of public and private graves that shows how epigraphic habits changed over time. The article continues with a discussion of funerary epigraphic habits outside Athens and closes with a few examples of Christian epitaphs.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENGURANGI CHANGE OVER TIME PADA PROSES PENJAHITAN DI SEWING LINE A20 PT. DF

Texere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Martina ◽  
Nur Rofiqoh Utami ◽  
Pratiwi Wulansari
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Over Time

Pada industri pakaian jadi pelayanan dan kepuasan buyer menjadi hal penting dalam menghadapi persaingan agar dapat terus tumbuh dan berkembang. Order produksi setiap tahun terdiri dari berbagai macam style yang akan berganti setelah selesai diproduksi. Perusahaan akan melakukan penetapan waktu yang harus dicapai dalam menyelesaikan satu order, sehingga dapat berpengaruh pada efisiensi waktu proses dikarenakan seringnya aktivitas change over. Change over merupakan pergantian aktivitas produksi disuatu lini produksi dari satu produk ke produk lainnya. Metoda yang akan digunakan untuk mengurangi change over time (COT) pada lini produksi yaitu menggunakan Quick Change Over (QCO). Tujuan mengurangi COT untuk mengefisiensikan waktu proses produksi walaupun tidak untuk menambah kapasitas produksi. Waktu yang dibutuhkan selama set up mesin dalam QCO menjadi faktor yang paling lama sehingga beberapa proses set up harus disederhanakan sesuai dengan prinsip lean manufacturing. Upaya mengurangi COT pada proses penjahitan yaitu dengan penerapan pemeliharaan mesin yang terjadwal, menempatkan operator sesuai dengan skill matrix dan mempersiapkan aksesoris ketika diperlukan bagian produksi. Hasil setelah penerapan metoda QCO untuk style yang repeat order menunjukan bahwa COT line A20 mengalami penurunan, walaupun belum memenuhi standar target yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Penurunan COT ini akan berdampak pada peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi di line A20.

Spray-on Ceramic Insulation up to 450°C and Encapsulating existing corrosion without sandblast

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Heat Load ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
System Research ◽  
Coated Film ◽  
Resin Solution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ceramic Compounds ◽  
Hot Surface ◽  
Over Time

Ceramic compounds have been around for many years, but the research to find which compounds, what size, crystalline structure and density would perform to block “heat load” is the keys the selecting the correct compounds to use. “Blocking heat load from radiation or resisting the absorption and loading of heat when used over a hot surface” is determined by the aspects stated above. None of this could be determined from the ceramic catalogs of listed compounds stating referenced characteristics. To determine how a compound would react in a paint/coating form could only be realized by trial and error when the compound is mixed in a resin solution with other compounds to see the result. This process has taken 23 years and over 3600 compounds to find 12 compounds that will continue to work when wet and mixed with other materials. As to the corrosion encapsulation without the need for sandblasting, this was studied after finding that most all corrosion protection specifications require sandblast, primers and top coats which over time did not perform as theory had projected. Part of the reason is due to the time frame after the blast is performed before the paints are applied. By the time the paints are applied a flash rust or bloom has set up and the surface is now out of specification and the result is a failure of the system. Research was applied on how a corrosion coating could be made to first penetrate deep into the pores of metal or rust, then swell and encapsulate the pores and/or surface rust before it sets up to 6780 psi surface tensile strength. In this way, the surface rust is used as the profile needed to anchor the coating and add to the strength of the coated film.

From ‘Sustainability’ to ‘Competitive Industry’

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Competitive Industry ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Although from the moment the Film Council was set up, it was clear that the intention was to found an organisation focused on bringing ‘sustainability’ to the British film industry, the Council gradually retreated from this term in favour of a wider set of priorities and the way in which it articulated its mission also gradually shifted. Drawing on a wealth of original interviews with senior politicians, film executives, independent producers, industry experts and leading filmmakers, this chapter examines the key players, forces and assumptions which drove the Film Council’s agenda, how the weighting of priorities shifted over time and why the Council’s sense of mission changed over its lifetime.

Humans, Heroes and Artists: (Re)Creating the Unexpected Situation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Coessens
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Music Improvisation ◽  
Time Experience ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Urgent Action

Life is difficult, never the same, always challenging acquired patterns of behavior and expectation, urging the human being to improvise. Improvisatory acts in everyday life are the result of unexpected situations, where the encounter between self and environment suddenly disrupts the banal rituals of life. Over time, experience and knowledge enhance ways to cope with unexpectedness, and to 'improvise' better, or even 'less.' In music, improvisation is often a situation of choice. The unexpected situation is created, set up, purposively leading to an improvisatory encounter between body and environment. The musician knows he/she will 'improvise' the next hour. But it can also resemble life, by way of sudden unexpected moments which the musician still did not 'set up.' Experience and expertise enhance the fluidity of improvisational acts in the arts. This paper seeks to explore these tensions between improvisation in everyday life and in arts: between 'urgent action' and 'play,' between determined and created situations. It will be argued that the shift is not radical, and the tensions but a matter of degree. The 'artification' of improvisation originates in everyday life by play, tactics (de Certeau) and experience (Dewey) and reaches an aesthetic and ethic level of kairos (Aristotle) in art, exploring actions of choice and risking failure by (re)creating unexpectedness. The artist, like the human being in life, but now from his/her own free choice, is challenged to leave security and encounter the unexpected. But isn't that also the quest of the hero?

Soldiers in the Epigraphy of Ptolemaic Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-158
Author(s):  
Christelle Fischer-Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Ptolemaic Egypt ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

Soldiers are heavily represented within the corpus of Greek inscriptions from Egypt, sometimes acting individually—especially officers—and sometimes as a group. The most common types of documents are dedications, along with signatures and proskynemata (acts of adoration)—generally simply graffiti. Smaller in number are the funerary inscriptions (mostly from Alexandria), and finally a few honorific decrees and petitions involving soldiers. The aim of this chapter is more generally to explain why there were so many inscriptions concerning soldiers and why their number increased over time, through the analysis of their content, form, and functions. Dedicatory inscriptions offer the clearest evidence for investigating this increase and therefore are the focus of the chapter, though some of the new habits are also reflected in other types of inscriptions. A number of inscriptions set up by members of the military were also preserved in hieroglyphs and Demotic Egyptian on statues and stelai and sometimes concern individuals who are also known from the Greek documentation.

scholarly journals Scheduling Jobs Families with Learning Effect on the Setup

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Fichera ◽  
Antonio Costa ◽  
Fulvio Cappadonna
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Flow Shop ◽  
Group Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Metaheuristic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Over Time

The present paper aims to address the flow-shop sequence-dependent group scheduling problem with learning effect (FSDGSLE). The objective function to be minimized is the total completion time, that is, the makespan. The workers are required to carry out manually the set-up operations on each group to be loaded on the generic machine. The operators skills improve over time due to the learning effects; therefore the set-up time of a group under learning effect decreases depending on the order the group is worked in. In order to effectively cope with the issue at hand, a mathematical model and a hybrid metaheuristic procedure integrating features from genetic algorithms (GA) have been developed. A well-known problem benchmark risen from literature, made by two-, three- and six-machine instances, has been taken as reference for assessing performances of such approach against the two most recent algorithms presented by literature on the FSDGS issue. The obtained results, also supported by a properly developed ANOVA analysis, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed hybrid metaheuristic in tackling the FSDGSLE problem under investigation.

Family Affairs, Part II

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
National Convention ◽  
Black Christians ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Local Buzz ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Musical Activities

In Chicago, the resourceful Jackson established a livelihood on the South Side, initiated a lifelong involvement in political causes, and generated local buzz as a church singer. In the 1930s and 1940s, she also furthered her career through the pioneering Chicago organizers who founded the National Convention of Gospel Choirs and Choruses (NCGCC) and through the National Baptist Convention (NBC), the largest aggregation of black Christians in the United States. Founded by gospel songwriter Thomas A. Dorsey along with Magnolia Lewis Butts and Theodore Frye, the NCGCC set up the infrastructure for the modern gospel movement while growing Dorsey’s fame. Even more significant was Jackson’s exposure to black Baptists nationwide through the musical activities of the NBC, overseen by Lucie Campbell. Though she gained visibility through these two institutions, over time Jackson built a reputation increasingly independent of both.

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