scholarly journals Learning French Liaison with Gradient Symbolic Representations: Errors, Predictions, Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Michelle Tessier ◽  
Karen Jesney
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
French Words

Smolensky & Goldrick (2016) first made the case for Gradient Symbolic Representations (GSRs) as the inputs to phonological grammar using the phenomena of French liaison. Under this view, many common French words are stored underlyingly with partially-activated word-final consonants, and others with gradient blends of partially-activated word-initial consonants. In this paper, we follow up some of that view's predictions and consequences, focusing on the acquisition of French liaison using GSRs. We compare our simulations of error-driven GSR learning with observed errors made by French-learning children, and find the results to be encouragingly similar. We also compare predictions about the end state of GSR learning with a pilot study reporting adult French speakers' use of liaison in nonce words, where we find a rather less good explanatory fit. The paper emphasizes the role of word and collocation frequency in the development of phonological patterns by a GSR learner, and outlines many future avenues for research. 

Short-Term Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide Therapy in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: a Pilot Study to Possible Future Implications of Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Onesti ◽  
Vittorio Frasca ◽  
Marco Ceccanti ◽  
Giorgio Tartaglia ◽  
Maria Cristina Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide ◽  
Open Pilot

Background: The cannabinoid system may be involved in the humoral mechanisms at the neuromuscular junction. Ultramicronized-palmitoylethanolamide (μm-PEA) has recently been shown to reduce the desensitization of Acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked currents in denervated patients modifying the stability of ACh receptor (AChR) function. <p> Objective: To analyze the possible beneficial effects of μm-PEA in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) on muscular fatigue and neurophysiological changes. <p> Method: The duration of this open pilot study, which included an intra-individual control, was three weeks. Each patient was assigned to a 1-week treatment period with μm-PEA 600 mg twice a day. A neurophysiological examination based on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) of the masseteric and the axillary nerves was performed, and the quantitative MG (QMG) score was calculated in 22 MG patients every week in a three-week follow-up period. AChR antibody titer was investigated to analyze a possible immunomodulatory effect of PEA in MG patients. <p> Results: PEA had a significant effect on the QMG score (p=0.03418) and on RNS of the masseteric nerve (p=0.01763), thus indicating that PEA reduces the level of disability and decremental muscle response. Antibody titers did not change significantly after treatment. <p> Conclusion: According to our observations, μm-PEA as an add-on therapy could improve muscular response to fatigue in MG. The possible modulation of AChR currents as a means of eliciting a direct effect from PEA on the conformation of ACh receptors should be investigated. The co-role of cytokines also warrants an analysis. Given the rapidity and reversibility of the response, we suppose that PEA acts directly on AChR, though further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals A phase I pilot study of preoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Long-term toxicity and oncologic outcomes.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
Noelia Sanmamed ◽  
Rachel Glicksman ◽  
John Thoms ◽  
Alexandre Zlotta ◽  
Antonio Finelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Gu Toxicity ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

60 Background: Pre-operative radiotherapy (PreORT) improves local control in various cancer types, and has become an established oncologic treatment strategy. During 2001-2004, we conducted a phase I pilot study assessing the role of short-course PreORT for men with unfavourable intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa). We present long-term follow-up toxicity and oncologic outcomes. Methods: Eligible patients had histologically proven PCa, cT1-T2N0M0, PSA > 15-35 ng/ml with any Gleason score, or PSA 10-15 ng/ml with Gleason score ≥7. Patients received 25 Gy in five consecutive daily fractions to the prostate, followed by radical prostatectomy (RadP) within 14 days after RT completion. Primary outcomes were intra-operative morbidity, and late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. Acute toxicity was assessed during radiotherapy treatment on daily basis using RTOG grade scoring scale. Patients were assessed post-RadP clinically and with PSA at 1 and 6 months, and every 6 months. Intra- and Post-RadP toxicity was documented prospectively and scored as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. Biochemical failure (BF) was determined based on two consecutive post-RadP PSA > 0.2 ng/ml. Results: Fifteen patients were enrolled; 14 patients completed PreORT followed by RadP, which also included bilateral lymph node dissections in 13 cases. Median follow-up was 12.2 years (range 6.7-16.3 years). Late GU toxicity was common, with 2 patients (14.3%) experiencing G2 toxicity, and 6 patients (42.8%) G3 toxicity. There were no G4-5 late GU toxicity. Late GI toxicity was infrequent, with only 1 patient (7.1%) experiencing transient G2 proctitis. At last follow-up, 8 (57.1%) and 6 (42.8%) patients experienced BF and metastatic disease recurrence, respectively. Conclusions: The use of PreORT in men with high-risk PCa is associated with unexpected high-rates of late GU toxicity. Future studies examining the role of RT pre-RadP must cautiously select RT technique and dose schedule. Importantly, long-term follow-up data is essential to fully determine the therapeutic index of PreORT in the management of localized PCa. Clinical trial information: NCT00252447.

scholarly journals ROLE OF KARPASABEEJA CHURNA IN THE TREATMENT OF STANYAKSHAYA - A PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4310-4316
Author(s):  
Rajni Kanojiya ◽  
Shreyes. S ◽  
Yogitha Bali M.R
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lukewarm Water ◽  
Normal Neonate

Background: Stanyakshaya is the common problem noticed in about 40% patients in our clinical practice. Due to adaptation of Western culture, women get exposed to stress and strain. Lactation is the process as-sociated with psychosomatic condition and lifestyle. Breast milk is the perfect food for a normal neonate. It is the best gift a mother can give her baby. Breast feeding is the ideal form of infant feeding and is cru-cial for lifelong health and wellbeing. Design: This was a single pilot study. 10 patients(lactating mothers, both primi and multi gravida) who ful-filled the eligibility criteria were selected for the study and the assessments were made before the treatment on the 1st day and after the treatment on the 30th day and follow up was done on 20th day after the comple-tion of treatment. Intervention: Karpasabeejachurna (6gms) was administered with lukewarm water as the Anupana after food twice a day for one month and follow up carried out on 20th day after the completion of treatment. Results: Karpasabeejachurna showed statistically significant results in the Stanamlanata, Stana/milk ejec-tion, breast feeding, weight of the baby and breast engorgement with p<0.001. Conclusion: Karpasabeejachoorna showed to be effective in increasing the Stanya and it is a Stan-yajanakadravya.

The potential role of FDG PET-CT in the characterization of the activity of Crohn’s disease, staging follow-up and prognosis estimation: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Károly Palatka ◽  
Sándor Kacska ◽  
Szilvia Lovas ◽  
Ildikó Garai ◽  
József Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Disease Staging ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Prognosis Estimation

Successful Post-Remission Therapy Using LMP1/LMP2a-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) in Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2709-2709
Author(s):  
Sung-Eun Lee ◽  
Hyun-Jung Sohn ◽  
Suk Kyeong Lee ◽  
Hyung Seok Moon ◽  
Jung A Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Nk T Cell

Abstract Abstract 2709 Background: Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is highly associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and frequent relapse even after complete response (CR) to intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The role of the EBV in pathogenesis of this disease and EBV proteins expressed in this lymphoma provide targets for the adoptive immunotherapy with antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and raise the possibility of EBV-specific CTL as therapeutic strategies. This prospective pilot study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of EBV-specific CTL as a maintenance therapy in patients with chemo-sensitive EBV positive ENKTCL. Methods: A total of thirteen adult patients with EBV positive ENKTCL were enrolled but two patients died due to disease progression during the generation of EBV-CTLs. Ultimately, eleven patients who were responded to chemotherapy were received EBV-CTLs. For generation of EBV-CTLs in vitro, mature dendritic cells(DC) derived from monocytes were pulsed with RNAs of EBV LMP1 and LMP2a antigens, and then T cells were stimulated with DCs three times for 3 weeks in Catholic GMP cell processing center. EBV-CTLs were cryopreserved for later usage and some remaining cells were analyzed. Patients completed the induction treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or high-dose therapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (HDT/SCT) before the infusion of EBV-CTLs and received 8 doses of 2 ×10E7 CTLs/m2. Results: Nine newly diagnosed and two chemo-sensitive relapsed patients (six male and five female) received maintenance therapy with EBV-CTLs. Median age was 47 years (range, 20–71 years). Ten patients achieved CR and one patient achieved partial response (PR) after induction therapy, and five patients including one patient in PR underwent HDT/SCT. During the maintenance therapy with EBV-CTLs, one patient dropped out of infection after 5 doses of EBV-CTLs therapy and the others completed 8 doses of EBV-CTLs. Among eleven patients, one patient relapsed 17.3 months since induction therapy. In overall, the 3-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) since induction therapy were 85.7±13.2%, 88.9±10.5%, respectively with a median follow-up of 25.2 months. For five patients who had HDT/SCT, DFS from SCT was 80.0±17.9% with a median follow-up of 21.0 months. Conclusion: This pilot study indicated that both LMP1 and LMP2a-specific CTLs can be effectively manufactured by stimulation with DCs in vitro from blood of patients with ENKTCL in current trial. This approach could be applied to patients with ENKTCL with safety and effectiveness. The larger prospective randomized study is needed to define the role of EBV-CTLs therapy to prevent unpredictable relapse in EBV-positive ENKTCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Role of Emotion in PTSD: Two Preliminary Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick J. Power ◽  
Claire Fyvie
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Small Pilot Study ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Trauma Service

Background: Two studies are presented that highlight the role of emotion in PTSD in which we examine what emotions in addition to anxiety may be present. Aims: The first aim was to assess the overall emotion profile across the five basic emotions of anxiety, sadness, anger, disgust, and happiness in clients attending a stress clinic. A small pilot study was also carried out to see how the emotion profiles impacted on outcome for CBT. Method: In Study 1, 75 consecutive attenders at a trauma service who were diagnosed with PTSD were assessed with a number of measures that included the Basic Emotions Scale. Results: The results showed that less than 50% of PTSD cases presented with anxiety as the primary emotion, with the remainder showing primary emotions of sadness, anger, or disgust rather than anxiety. A second pilot study involved the follow-up across exposure-based CBT of 20 of the participants from Study 1. Conclusions: The results suggest that anxiety-based PTSD is more likely to benefit from exposure than is non-anxiety based PTSD. Implications both for the classification and the treatment of PTSD are considered.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

A Pilot Study of Mobile Telephone Message Interventions with Suicide Attempters in China

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Brian L. Mishara ◽  
Xiao Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
To Receive

Background: In China, where follow-up with hospitalized attempters is generally lacking, there is a great need for inexpensive and effective means of maintaining contact and decreasing recidivism. Aims: Our objective was to test whether mobile telephone message contacts after discharge would be feasible and acceptable to suicide attempters in China. Methods: Fifteen participants were recruited from suicide attempters seen in the Emergency Department in Wuhan, China, to participate in a pilot study to receive mobile telephone messages after discharge. All participants have access to a mobile telephone, and there is no charge for the user to receive text messages. Results: Most participants (12) considered the text message contacts an acceptable and useful form of help and would like to continue to receive them for a longer period of time. Conclusions: This suggests that, as a low-cost and quick method of intervention in areas where more intensive follow-up is not practical or available, telephone messages contacts are accessible, feasible, and acceptable to suicide attempters. We hope that this will inspire future research on regular and long-term message interventions to prevent recidivism in suicide attempters.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) outcome at long-term follow-up and the role of elective neurosurgical approach: A report of 22 cases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Menegazzo ◽  
Melissa Rosa Rizzotto ◽  
Martina Bua ◽  
Luisa Pinello ◽  
Elisabetta Tono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up
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