scholarly journals Лингвострановедческие пара­метры профессионально-отраслевой динамики современного специалиста / Linguistic and Cultural Parameters of the Profe­ssional and Industry Dynamics of a Modern Specialist

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lipai
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Industry Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Multicultural Personality ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Communication Space ◽  
Different Sources

The relevance of the sociological problems of linguistic studies intensified in the second half of the 20th century, which was caused by social reasons, including the opportunity to use the process of mass learning of foreign languages to spread the strengthening of the policies of individual states. The author has specified the concept of “culture-oriented linguistics” for sociological consideration, since it is understood differently in different sources, and prospects of experimental studying. Within the framework of this study, an emphasis is placed on studying the influence of linguistic and cultural characteristics of communication space, including multilingualism, for the modern specialists. The priority is not just the knowledge of the language, but the development and formation of a multicultural personality. The topic of multiculturalism occupies a special place in the process of acquiring educational competencies.

Historian of the Russian State Library. In Memory of L.M. Koval (1933—2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Margarita Y. Dvorkina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Library History ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
October 17 ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the memory of Lyudmila Mikhailovna Koval (October 17, 1933 – February 15, 2020), historian, Head of the History sector of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Museum of Library history. The author presents brief biographical information about L.M. Koval, the author of more than 350 scientific and popular scientific works in Russian and in 9 foreign languages. She published 29 books in Publishing houses “Nauka”, “Kniga”, “Letniy Sad”, ”Pashkov Dom”, most of the works are dedicated to the Library. Special place in the work of L.M. Koval is given to the Great Patriotic War theme. The article considers the works devoted to the activities of Library staff during the War period. L.M. Koval paid much attention to the study of activities of the Library’s Directors. She prepared books and articles about the Directors of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and Library from the end of the 19th century and almost to the end of the 20th century: N.V. Isakov, D.S. Levshin, V.A. Dashkov, M.A. Venevitinov, I.V. Tsvetaev, V.D. Golitsyn, A.K. Vinogradov, V.I. Nevsky, N.M. Sikorsky. The author notes contribution of L.M. Koval to the study of the Library’s history. Specialists in the history of librarianship widely use bibliography of L.M. Koval in their research. The list of sources contains the main works of L.M. Koval, and the Appendix includes reviews of publications by L.M. Koval and the works about her.

THE HERALD OF SPRING. IMAGE OF ARMENIAN HERO IN THE POEM OF AHMAD SHAMLU "VARTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
Lilit Safrastyan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Love Poetry ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Creative Life

THE HERALD OF SPRING. IMAGE OF ARMENIAN HERO IN THE POEM OF AHMAD SHAMLU "VARTAN" Ahmad Shamlou is one of the most prominent representatives of the Iranian literature of the 20th century, who stood at the roots of the anti-dictatorship struggle, carrying out creative and social activities. Shamlu's unbreakable revolutionary spirit, love for the homeland and a human being have found their vivid expression in his works. In the very first period of his career, Shamlu was persecuted and imprisoned many times as a dissident. Many of his works, including translations, literary works, were censored and burned in printing houses. Armenians have a special place in Shamlu's personal and creative life. The main heroine of Shamlu's inspiration was his wife Aida Sargsyan, to whom he dedicated the most beautiful poems of modern Iranian love poetry. Armenian revolutionary hero Vartan Salakhanyan's character was also immortalized by the poet in the famous poem "Vardan" or "Nazli's death". In this poem Ahmad Shamlu depicts the heroic feats of the Armenian hero in metaphorical language, calling him "The Herald of Spring".

scholarly journals Andalucía en imágenes: un viaje en el tiempo

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Elena Baynat Monreal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Alexandre Dumas ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACTWe propose a trip along time in three centuries -from the 19th to the 20th century- through the image of Andalusia exported to the travelers in different support media, according to the epoch chosen: etchings in white and black, colour drawings, and paper and digitalised photographs. With this aim in mind we will make a comparative analysis between the illustrations appearing in the French Travel story about Spain by Alexandre Dumas (De Paris à Cadix), from 1847, the pictures and drawings from the book L’Espagne, los provinces du sud, de Séville à Cordoue, written by Octave Aubry and published in 1929, and, finally, the promotional photographs appearing in Andalusia’s official tourism webpage (http://www.andalucia.org/) in 2012. The analysis of the different sources aforementioned, examples from the first half of each century, will lead us to study some coincidences and differences in the image exported to foreign tourists in the different epochs as well as the different selection criteria of the tourist attractions or the prevalence or not of the stereotypes throughout centuries, among other aspects.RESUMENProponemos un viaje en el tiempo de tres siglos desde el siglo XIX hasta el XXI a través de la imagen exportada de Andalucía a los viajeros en diferentes soportes, según la época elegida: grabados en blanco y negro, dibujos en color y fotos en papel o digitalizadas. Para ello realizaremos un análisis comparativo entre las ilustraciones aparecidas en el relato de viajes francés sobre España de Alexandre Dumas (De Paris à Cadix) de 1847; las fotos y los dibujos del libro L’Espagne, los provinces du sud, de Séville à Cordoue escrito por Octave Aubry y publicado en 1929; y, para finalizar, las fotos promo-cionales aparecidas en la página web oficial de turismo de Andalucía (http://www.andalucia.org/) en 2012. El análisis de estas diferentes fuentes citadas, ejemplos de la primera mitad de cada siglo, nos servirá para estudiar algunas coincidencias y diferencias en la imagen exportada a los turistas extranjeros en las diferentes épocas así como los diversos criterios de selección de los atractivos turísticos o el mantenimiento o no de los estereotipos a lo largo de los siglos, entre otros aspectos.

Imitation: Simple, Stretto, Canonical (On the Difficulties of Absolute Differentiation in the Polyphony of Strict Style)

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Т.В. Франтова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Text Line ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Stable Connection ◽  
Polyphonic Music ◽  
Musical Forms

Статья посвящена проблемам изучения теории и практики имитационной техники в полифонии строгого письма. Три типа имитации — простая, стреттная, каноническая — постоянно фигурируют в современной музыкально-теоретической литературе. Трактовки сути простой и канонической имитации в разных источниках совпадают, хотя формулировки в деталях разнятся. При этом значительны расхождения в понимании стретты. По традиции, заложенной учениями XVIII века, в теоретическом музыкознании стретту рассматривают в контексте формы фуги. Одновременно ряд исследователей считает возможным использовать понятие стретты по отношению к имитационному многоголосию Ренессанса. При этом термин употребляется в разных значениях. Материал исследования — начальные имитационные секции четырех-шестиголосных мотетов Палестрины без c. f. Тематическая организация рассматривается с учетом тексто-музыкальной формы мотета, в соответствии с которой функцию темы выполняет тексто-музыкальная строка, построенная на относительно стабильном соединении текстовой строки и развернутого мелодического soggetto. Ее неоднократные повторения позволяют обнаружить сходства и различия канонов и стретт в строгостильном многоголосии. The article is devoted to the problems of studying the theory and practice of imitation technique in polyphonic music of strict writing. Three types of imitation — simple, stretto and canonical — appear as relevant in modern musical theoretical literature. An analysis of the existing concepts showed that the interpretations of the essence of simple and canonical imitation in different sources coincide, although the formulations in details, as a rule, differ. Against this background, significant differences in the understanding of stretto (narrow, tight) imitation are especially noticeable. Many authors, foreign and domestic, starting from the teachings of the 18th century, consider the stretto in the context of the fugue form. At the same time, a number of researchers of the 20th century (domestic and foreign) have formed a different position. They believe that it is possible to expand the musical and historical boundaries of the use of the concept of stretto, its use in relation to the imitative polyphony of the Renaissance. The authors talk about the stretto in at least three different cases: the effect of a compressed temporary introduction of imitation voices (S. Skrebkov, T. Dubravskaya), narrow introduction of voices with their subsequent non-imitation promotion (N. Simakova), the tight entry of the rispost before the end of the theme in the propost, which does not fit into the canon (K. Eppessen, S. Skrebkov). The analysis of the musical material showed that the broadly understood stretto (the conciseness of the timing of the introduction of voices) is very typical of the polyphony of strict writing and manifests itself in many and different methods. The musical material of the study was the one-theme initial imitation sections of the four-six-part Palestrina motets, the compositional foundation of which lacks cantus firmus. The thematic organization was considered taking into account the genre of the motet, which belongs to the class of text-musical forms. In accordance with the nature of the genre, the function of the theme in the imitation section is performed by a text-musical line built on a relatively stable connection of a text line and an expanded melodic soggetto.

Jewish Reproduction and Children in the Modern Era

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Uzi Rebhun
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Different Sources

This chapter depicts some major aspects of Jewish reproduction and children in modern times. Integrating data from different sources, I discuss changes in the numbers and share of children out the total Jewish population from 1700 through today. I provide statistics on Jewish birth rate and proportion of children out of the total number of Jews from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century for selected Jewish communities in Europe, the Americas, and North Africa and Palestine. Spatial variations in levels of fertility have resulted in the concentration of a majority of Jewish children in Israel. Still, within Israel, fertility patterns for Jews have evolved in different trajectories according to ethnic extraction and religiosity. Fertility and number of children in the population have many social and economic implications, which I touch upon in my concluding remarks.

scholarly journals The Fate of Mid-20th-Century Sports Loanwords from English in Polish

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Dylewski ◽  
Magdalena Bator
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Lexical Items

Abstract In recent years, we have observed a huge influx of vocabulary borrowed from English into Polish; these are words either of English origin or borrowed through English. At the same time, the number and variety of scholarly investigations trying to illustrate the extent of anglicisms in Polish and systematise the semantic fields which draw from English the most have increased. Most of them deal with the latest borrowings, often representing professional jargon or spoken language. In this paper we will discuss anglicisms which entered Polish over sixty years ago and remained in the sports lexicon until today. The article is a tribute to the late professor Jacek Fisiak, who offered the first in-depth analysis of sports vocabulary borrowed from English into Polish. His Ph.D. monograph (1961) and the subsequent article (1964) have shown a special place of sports terminology among anglicisms in Polish. The lexical items which Fisiak collected in the early sixties of the twentieth century have been tested not only in terms of their fate, but also the degree of grammatical and orthographic assimilation, as well as semantic changes the lexemes have undergone. The study is based on two large corpora of Polish: the Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego and Odkrywka, comprising texts from the 18th century until the present time.

scholarly journals Revelations of science: discussing images of prenatal development by Ernst Haeckel and Lennart Nilsson

Panoptikum ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Matylda Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Ernst Haeckel ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

 The paper discusses images of prenatal development created by Ernst Haeckel and Lennart Nilsson. Despite the obvious differences between a 19th-century biologist and philosopher of nature and a 20th-century photographer, substantial similarities exist in the way their respective narrations situate embryos and fetuses within the cultural realm. The paper traces the processes of creating the representations of stages of embryogenesis and the controversies surrounding them, analyzes the discursive frame within which the images are produced and function, and discusses their media specificity. It also examines the metaphysical ambitions surrounding the process of producing embryo- and fetal identities and the relation of these identities to the important cultural characteristics of their historical epochs.

scholarly journals The Integrative Nature of Interculturalism in Galicia at The Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Sokol ◽  
Olha Tsaryk ◽  
Irina Drozdova ◽  
Leonid Kravchuk ◽  
Taras Kadobnyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Educational Pedagogy ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Cultural Sphere

The article outlines the main aspects of interculturalism in Galicia at the beginning of the 20th century. The interculturalism has been defined as the initial basis of communication, formed by a combination of social and educational environment. In modern society with many political and intercultural problems, the communicative competence and formation of tolerant attitudes towards people play a significant role. Linguistic education is one of the main tasks of educational pedagogy, linguistics, methodology, language rules, principles, and methods of teaching, ways of investigating education. The level of language culture of the personality in the mother tongue and foreign languages is evidence of the development of linguistic competence. The changes in the cultural sphere of society determine the need to investigate linguistic problems, focusing on improving language culture to achieve efficiency. The language problems have gone beyond the framework of philology and have become the general problems of society to regulate language culture in the process of social communication, social processes, the development of society as a whole system. In the political sphere, the culture of language promotes the emergence of mutual interest and respect between people of different nationalities and the stabilization of interethnic and international relations. The described innovative approach in the organization of social communication and interculturalism in Galicia space can be creatively and practically adapted in the conditions of any modern multicultural society.

scholarly journals Kosztolányi Dezső Kína-képe

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Paul Claudel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Poetry

Hungarian poet and writer Dezső Kosztolányi edited and translated the first anthology of Chinese classical poetry in the 20th century, entitled Chinese and Japanese Poems, which was published at the end of 1931. But his interest in Chinese culture can be traced back to much earlier, to the first decade of the 20th century. This article takes into consideration all of Kosztolányi’s prose writings, articles and translations related to China, Chinese poetry and also the sources of his knowledge about China, published in Hungarian and in english, German and French, such as the books of H. A. Giles, arthur Waley, richard Wilhelms, Paul Claudel and others. The paper also analyzes the role of anthologies of Chinese poetry in foreign languages that Kosztolányi consulted for his translations into Hungarian. in his writings, he depicted a somewhat idealistic picture of Chinese culture, and in spite of some occasional errors, he was successful in describing some important characteristics of Chinese life of the past, and his writings and translations have had a great influence in Hungary.

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