Fluidized bed pyrolysis of oily sludge for fuel oil recovery.

ABSTRACT A fundamental problem exists with waste disposal in marine-based oil spill clean up, as up to ten times more waste can be generated than the actual oil spilled. Lessons learnt are rarely recognised until the clean up operation has finished and oiled waste has accumulated. In 1999 the oil tanker Erika broke in two and sank off the coast of Brittany, France. Spilling 20,000 tonnes of Heavy Fuel Oil but creating 250,000 tonnes of oiled waste. The Author, during the Prestige spill has observed first hand how the handling and disposal of oily waste can have major implications for oil clean up operations. It can hinder the entire operation by causing bottlenecks and delays in further recovery of oil, unless suitable arrangements can be made. The promotion of a holistic approach to waste management is fundamental to effective oil recovery operations and should be incorporated into oil spill contingency plans. The paper will highlight the importance of developing a proactive waste management strategy, emphasising good practice and the key issues involved. The paper is supported by existing reports, the author's practical experience and a published document, co-authored, on current waste disposal options for IPIECA's technical document series.

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Enhanced Separation of Oil and Solids in Oily Sludge by Froth Flotation at Normal Temperature

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9122163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2163

Author(s):

Wenying Li ◽

Hongyang Lin ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Zhenxiao Shang ◽

Qiuhong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Content ◽

Froth Flotation ◽

Hazardous Materials ◽

Impeller Speed ◽

Oily Sludge ◽

Shear Effect ◽

Flotation Reagent ◽

Shengli Oilfield ◽

Pulp Viscosity

Oily sludge (OS) contains a large number of hazardous materials, and froth flotation can achieve oil recovery and non-hazardous disposal of OS simultaneously. The influence of flotation parameters on OS treatment and the flotation mechanism were studied. OS samples were taken from Shengli Oilfield in May 2017 (OSS) and May 2020 (OST), respectively. Results showed that Na2SiO3 was the suitable flotation reagent treating OSS and OST, which could reduce the viscosity between oil and solids. Increasing flotation time, impeller speed and the ratio of liquid to OS could enhance the pulp shear effect, facilitate the formation of bubble and reduce pulp viscosity, respectively. Under the optimized parameters, the oil content of OST residue could be reduced to 1.2%, and that of OSS could be reduced to 0.6% because of OSS with low heavy oil components and wide solid particle size distribution. Orthogonal experimental results showed that the impeller speed was the most significant factor of all parameters for OSS and OST, and it could produce shear force to decrease the intensity of C-H bonds and destabilize the OS. The oil content of residue could be reduced effectively in the temperature range of 24–45 °C under the action of high impeller speed.

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Oil Recovery From Fuel Oil Storage Tank Sludge Using Biosurfactants

Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation ◽

10.4172/2155-6199.1000125 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 02 (04) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tânia M. S. Lima ◽

Andréia F. Fonseca ◽

Bruna A. Leão ◽

Ann H. Mounteer Mounteer

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Storage Tank ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Oil Storage ◽

Oil Storage Tank

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THE FLUIDIZATION TECHNIQUE APPLIED TO DIRECT DISTILLATION OF OIL FROM BITUMINOUS SAND

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr49f-011 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 27f (3) ◽

pp. 104-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. E. Gishler

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Slow Rate ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Gas Formation ◽

Flash Distillation ◽

Direct Distillation

The fluidized solids technique has been applied successfully to the flash distillation of oil from Alberta bituminous sand on a laboratory scale. At 500 °C. a 76% oil recovery was obtained. The remaining 24% produced approximately equal weights of coke and gaseous compounds. At temperatures below 460 °C. trouble was experienced in maintaining a fluidized bed because of the slow rate of distillation. As temperatures were increased above 500 °C. the yield of oil decreased, with a corresponding increase in gas formation.

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Biosurfactants as demulsifying agents for oil recovery from oily sludge – performance evaluation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.207 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 2875-2881 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Evans M. N. Chirwa ◽

Tshepo Mampholo ◽

Oluwademilade Fayemiwo

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Solid Particles ◽

Second Step ◽

Oily Sludge ◽

Waste Sludge ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Oil Water ◽

Living Organisms

The oil producing and petroleum refining industries dispose of a significant amount of oily sludge annually. The sludge typically contains a mixture of oil, water and solid particles in the form of complex slurry. The oil in the waste sludge is inextractible due to the complex composition and complex interactions in the sludge matrix. The sludge is disposed of on land or into surface water bodies thereby creating toxic conditions or depleting oxygen required by aquatic animals. In this study, a fumed silica mixture with hydrocarbons was used to facilitate stable emulsion (‘Pickering’ emulsion) of the oily sludge. The second step of controlled demulsification and separation of oil and sludge into layers was achieved using either a commercial surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) or a cost-effective biosurfactant from living organisms. The demulsification and separation of the oil layer using the commercial surfactant SDS was achieved within 4 hours after stopping mixing, which was much faster than the 10 days required to destabilise the emulsion using crude biosurfactants produced by a consortium of petrochemical tolerant bacteria. The recovery rate with bacteria could be improved by using a more purified biosurfactant without the cells.

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A Method for Reduction in the Start-Up Time of a Bubbling Bed Boiler Combustor

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4002135 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vijay Jain ◽

Prabir Basu ◽

Dominic Groulx

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Internal Heat ◽

Peak Temperature ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Start Up ◽

Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽

Bed Materials ◽

The Mean ◽

Rate Of Heating ◽

Good Agreement

A study on the heating of inert bed solids in a bubbling fluidized bed by means of an over-bed start-up oil burner is presented in this paper. Experiments carried out in a 160 mm diameter bed shows that the bed heats up nonlinearly with time. The rate of heating and the peak temperature reached by the bed solids depend on the bed depth, the mean particle size, and the superficial velocity through the bed. It was further noted that premixing a certain amount of biomass with the inert bed solids accelerates the rate of heating, as well as increase the peak temperature attained. The internal heat generation in the biomass is found to start at temperatures as low as 200°C. Thus, premixing some biomass with inert bed materials could reduce the combustion start-up time of a fluidized bed boiler, reducing at the same time the start-up cost by saving on consumption of expensive fuel oil in the burner. Experimental data in the present laboratory-scale unit shows good agreement with those obtained earlier in an industrial fluidized bed tested with waste-coal.

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EFFECT OF VARIABLES ON PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE WASHING AGENTS UNDER A NEWLY DEVELOPED TESTING PROTOCOL

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-843 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 (1) ◽

pp. 843-846

Author(s):

Christopher C. Luedeker ◽

Karen M. Koran ◽

Albert D. Venosa

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Application Rate ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Substrate Type ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Testing Protocol ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

And Control ◽

Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT Surface washing agents (SWAs) can be used following an oil spill event to enhance the removal of stranded oil from shorelines and other surfaces. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a testing protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of SWAs in the laboratory. Using this protocol, the effects of substrate type, substrate hydration, and SWA-to-oil ratio (SOR) on the ability of SWAs to remove crude oil were evaluated. Experiments were conducted using Prudhoe Bay Crude (PBC) oil applied to three substrates under wet and dry conditions. Oil recovery efficiencies were similar for substrates made up of sand and the smaller of two gravels, while a decrease in efficiency was observed for the larger, more heterogeneous gravel. For the controls without SWA, after we compared dry and wet substrates, we decided dry substrates would be preferable for purposes of the protocol because variability was much lower and differences between treated and control samples were greater. To determine the effect of SOR, four SWAs were evaluated at three SORs and two dilutions for their efficiency in removing PBC from dry sand. Oil recovery efficiency as a function of SOR was lower at the low SOR ratios (1:1 <2:1 <10:1). Application of equivalent volumes of 50% and 100% SWA solutions to PBC revealed that efficiency increased with applied mass of SWA. However, when equal masses of SWA were applied at 10:1 SOR, similar efficiencies were achieved regardless of dilution. This suggests that, except at the highest application rate, total applied mass is a more critical variable than dilution for these SWAs. IFO180 Fuel Oil was also evaluated under these conditions. Preliminary data suggest lower SWA efficiencies were observed with this heavier weight oil.

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Oily Sludge Recovery using Microwave Pyrolysis Technique

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/370104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

Khamael M. Abualnaja ◽

Hala M. Abo-Dief ◽

Ola A. Abu Ali ◽

Abdullah Al-Anazi ◽

Ashraf T. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Heating Rate ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Oily Sludge ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Microwave Pyrolysis ◽

Pyrolysis Oils ◽

Temperature Heating ◽

Pyrolysis Gases

The oily sludge treatments catch widespread attention. But, management of sludge is difficult and costly undertaking. The oil recovery pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and carbon wt.% is discussed. The recovered aliphatic, aromatic, elemental components and gases were obtained with respect to the nitrogen flow rate. The present work showed that as the heating rate increases, both the %pyrolysis oil and gases increases up to 600 OC, while the %pyrolysis char decreases. Beyond 600 OC, the pyrolysis gases% increases, the pyrolysis oil% decreases while the %pyrolysis char continuous decreases. Gas chromatography, and calorific value used to examine the hydrocarbon compositions of the virgin, sludge, and pyrolysis oils.

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Pengurangan Pelepasan Emisi dari Pembakar Lapisan Terbendalir Menggunakan Tempurung Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Api

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v59.1261 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 07-11

Author(s):

Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar ◽

Rosyida Permatasari ◽

Mohd Nazar Yakin Mohd Sobree

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Fuel Feed ◽

Bed Height ◽

Excess Air ◽

Axial Temperature ◽

Fluidized Bed Combustor ◽

Air Staging

Emissions released from fluidized bed combustor (FBC) are highly dependent on several operating parameters, for example, temperature, staged air, excess air, fuel feed rate, and fuel properties. This paper presents results of experiments conducted using air staging technique on a laboratory scale fluidized bed rig, using palm shells as fuel oil and silica sand as an inert medium. Silica sand was used to ensure a sustainable fuel ignition and stable combustion occurs in the FBC. Emission of CO and NOx emissions, and temperatures along the height of the bed and flue were measured. The experimental results show that the axial temperature profile along the height was proportionally reduced with bed height of FBC. CO and NOx emissions obtained exhibit lower values for the air staged combustion. Pelepasan emisi dari pembakar lapisan terbendalir (FBC) adalah sangat bergantung kepada beberapa parameter kendalian sebagai contoh: suhu, udara berperingkat, udara berlebihan, kadar suapan bahan api, dan sifat bahan api. Kertas kerja ini mempersembahkan keputusan eksperimen yang dilaksanakan menggunakan teknik pemeringkatan udara ke atas rig lapisan terbendalir skala makmal, menggunakan tempurung kelapa sawit sebagai bahan api dan pasir silika sebagai bahan perantara lengai. Pasir silica telah digunakan untuk memastikan pencucuhan bahan api mampan dan pembakaran stabil berlaku di dalam FBC. Pelepasan gas emisi CO dan NOx serta suhu sepanjang ketinggian pembakar dan juga dalam serombong diukur. Keputusan ujikaji menunjukkan bahawa profil suhu paksi berkurangan secara berkadaran sepanjang ketinggian FBC. Pelepasan CO dan NOx yang diperolehi mempamerkan nilai yang lebih rendah untuk keadaan pembakaran dengan pemeringkatan udara.

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