INFLUENCE OF FRENCH GARDEN CULTURE ON URBAN GREENING IN VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
E.V. Golosova ◽  
◽  
H.M. Chu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Urban Gardening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
French Protectorate ◽  
Political Economic

The article analyzes the role of the French protectorate in the development of the greening system of major cities in Vietnam. The article presents political, economic and religious facts that influenced domestic policy in the field of urban planning and landscape architecture in the period from 1858 to 1954. The French protectorate period was an important milestone in the history of Vietnamese architecture. The French made significant changes to the construction art of Vietnam with its traditional wooden architecture. They built homes using new technologies such as mansard roofs, terraces, and balconies, and also used new materials for Vietnam - cement, steel, concrete, ceramic tiles, and slate. It is shown that in the initial period of French rule in Vietnam, only European traditions were used in architecture and Park construction, and after the 1st world war, with the acquisition of a certain negative experience, they began to take into account the traditions of local construction art and the climatic conditions of the region. A significant contribution of French specialists was made in the first attempts to select types of woody plants for urban gardening that meet the requirements of safety and street hygiene. French influence in the garden culture of Vietnam shifted the vector of development of this area of activity towards Europeanization. This is especially evident in the structure of urban squares and the ways in which plants were formed according to the laws of European topiary art, which required regular planning.

scholarly journals Responding to Global Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Michael Fabinyi ◽  
Kate Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the wider processes of political-economic change that drive key characteristics of fishing livelihoods. Globalisation has dramatically expanded the scale and accelerated the pace of fisheries capture and trade, generating new opportunities and challenges for livelihoods and marine environments. Here we document some of the major characteristics of the history of fishing across the Asia-Pacific, before focusing on case studies of the Philippines and PNG. We highlight three related features of globalisation that have influenced fishing livelihoods and that continue to shape them today: migration, engagement with markets and new technologies, and interactions with other forms of economic activity, including those outside the fisheries sector.

scholarly journals Paradoxo e implicações na criação da nova Agência Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural: um passo para trás? / Paradox and Implications for the Creation of the New National Agency for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension: a Step Back

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira Menezes Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
National Agency ◽  
New Production ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Economic

ABSTRACTThe bill to create the National Agency for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ANATER) was approved on August 7, 2013, unanimously in the Agriculture Committee, Livestock, Supply and Rural Development of the House of Representatives. In order to extend the reach to new technologies by farmers across the country. This paper aims to summarize and critique through historical bias of the extension the creation of new ANATER through evaluation of their objectives, way of operating, administrative and future prospects for its operations. The creation of the new agency refers to the history of agricultural extension in the country. The extension goes far beyond the implementation of new production techniques and increased income and profit for the families of the field, it reaches levels structure political, economic, social and philosophical, and therefore liable to suffer various interferences and modifications, They can be either the local socio-cultural level and at the national levels. The creation of a national agency directly interferes in these variables, and should be evaluated local and individual characteristics of each region so that we can optimize and adapt correctly the extension and its sharesRESUMOO projeto de lei para a criação da Agência Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ANATER) foi aprovado no dia 7 de agosto de 2013, por unanimidade na Comissão de Agricultura, Pecuária, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento Rural da Câmara dos Deputados. Com o objetivo de ampliar o alcance a novas tecnologias pelos produtores rurais de todo o país. Este trabalho visa sintetizar e criticar através de viés histórico da extensão rural a criação da nova ANATER por meio de avaliação dos seus objetivos, forma de atuação, organização administrativa e perspectivas futuras à sua atuação. A criação da nova agência remete ao histórico da extensão rural no país. A extensão rural vai muito além da implementação de novas técnicas de produção e aumento de renda e lucro para as famílias do campo, ela atinge níveis de estrutura política, econômica, social e filosóficas, sendo, portanto passível de sofrer variadas interferências e modificações, que podem ser tanto a nível sócio-cultural local como em níveis nacional. A criação de uma agência nacional interfere diretamente nessas variáveis, e deve ser avaliada as características locais e individuais de cada região para que se possa otimizar e adaptar de maneira correta a extensão rural e suas ações.

SEJARAH KONFLIK KEBANGKITAN ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU: Sebuah Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Proses Kemunculannya

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ihsan Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correct Understanding

This article in principle wants to examine the history of the emergence of the conflict of Islamic revival in Minangkabau starting from the Paderi Movement to the Youth in Minangkabau. Especially in the initial period, namely the Padri movement, there was a tragedy of violence (radicalism) that accompanied it. This study becomes important, because after all the reformation of Islam began to be realized by reforming human life in the world. Both in terms of thought with the effort to restore the correct understanding of religion as it should, from the side of the practice of religion, namely by reforming deviant practices and adapted to the instructions of the religious texts (al-Qur'an and sunnah), and also from the side of strengthening power religion. In this case the research will be directed to the efforts of renewal by the Padri to the Youth towards the Islamic community in Minangkabau. To discuss this problem used historical research methods. Through this method, it is tested and analyzed critically the records and relics of the past. In analyzing the data in this research basically used approach or interactive analysis model by Miles and Huberman. In this analysis model, the three components of the analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification, the activity is carried out in an interactive form with the process of collecting data as a process that continues, repeats, and continues to form acycle.

ACHIEVEMENT OF SINGAPORE'S INDEPENDENCE AND DIFFICULTIES ON THE INITIAL PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Ilyas Shakirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given

In the article considered events between 1945-1965 years in Singapore. On the ground of historical sources author of the given article learned the history of gaining independence by Singapore, as well, difficulties country carried out over 20 years

Mind Cure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakoh Shannon Hickey
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Americans ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Political Economic

Mindfulness is widely claimed to improve health and performance, and historians typically say that efforts to promote meditation and yoga therapeutically began in the 1970s. In fact, they began much earlier, and that early history offers important lessons for the present and future. This book traces the history of mind-body medicine from eighteenth-century Mesmerism to the current Mindfulness boom and reveals how religion, race, and gender have shaped events. Many of the first Americans to advocate meditation for healing were women leaders of the Mind Cure movement, which emerged in the late nineteenth century. They believed that by transforming their consciousness, they could also transform oppressive circumstances in which they lived, and some were activists for social reform. Trained by Buddhist and Hindu missionaries, these women promoted meditation through personal networks, religious communities, and publications. Some influenced important African American religious movements, as well. For women and black men, Mind Cure meant not just happiness but liberation in concrete political, economic, and legal terms. The Mind Cure movement exerted enormous pressure on mainstream American religion and medicine, and in response, white, male doctors and clergy with elite academic credentials appropriated some of its methods and channeled them into scientific psychology and medicine. As mental therapeutics became medicalized, individualized, and then commodified, the religious roots of meditation, like the social justice agendas of early Mind Curers, fell away. After tracing how we got from Mind Cure to Mindfulness, this book reveals what got lost in the process.

The Dilemma between Aligned Expectations and Diversity in Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Ergen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Synthetic Fuel ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Technology Policies ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Innovation Processes

This chapter brings together arguments from economics, sociology, and political economy to show that innovation processes are characterized by a dilemma between the advantages of aligned expectations—including greater coordination and investment—and those of diversity, including superior openness to new technological possibilities. To illustrate the argument, the chapter discusses a historical case involving one of the largest coordinated peace-time attempts to hasten technological innovation in the history of capitalism, namely the US energy technology policies of the 1970s and 1980s. Close examination of the commercialization of photovoltaics and synthetic fuel initiatives illustrates both sides of the dilemma between shared versus diverse expectations in innovation: coordination but possible premature lock-in on the one hand, and openness but possible stagnation on the other. The chapter shows that even the exploration and interpretation of new technologies may be as much a product of focused investment as of trial-and-error search.

AI Narratives

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imaginative Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This book is the first to examine the history of imaginative thinking about intelligent machines. As real artificial intelligence (AI) begins to touch on all aspects of our lives, this long narrative history shapes how the technology is developed, deployed, and regulated. It is therefore a crucial social and ethical issue. Part I of this book provides a historical overview from ancient Greece to the start of modernity. These chapters explore the revealing prehistory of key concerns of contemporary AI discourse, from the nature of mind and creativity to issues of power and rights, from the tension between fascination and ambivalence to investigations into artificial voices and technophobia. Part II focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in which a greater density of narratives emerged alongside rapid developments in AI technology. These chapters reveal not only how AI narratives have consistently been entangled with the emergence of real robotics and AI, but also how they offer a rich source of insight into how we might live with these revolutionary machines. Through their close textual engagements, these chapters explore the relationship between imaginative narratives and contemporary debates about AI’s social, ethical, and philosophical consequences, including questions of dehumanization, automation, anthropomorphization, cybernetics, cyberpunk, immortality, slavery, and governance. The contributions, from leading humanities and social science scholars, show that narratives about AI offer a crucial epistemic site for exploring contemporary debates about these powerful new technologies.

History of Education Policymaking in India, 1947-2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Indian Education ◽  
The Political ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Education Commission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Judicial Policymaking ◽  
Political Economic

This book chronicles the history of education policymaking in India. The focus of the book is on the period from 1964 when the landmark Kothari Commission was constituted; however, to put the policy developments in this period into perspective major developments since the Indian Education Commission (1882) have been touched upon. The distinctiveness of the book lies in the rare insights which come from the author’s experience of making policy at the state, national and international levels; it is also the first book on the making of Indian education policy which brings to bear on the narrative comparative and historical perspectives it, which pays attention to the process and politics of policymaking and the larger setting –the political and policy environment- in which policies were made at different points of time, which attempts to subject regulation of education to a systematic analyses the way regulation of utilities or business or environment had been, and integrates judicial policymaking with the making and implementation of education policies. In fact for the period subsequent to 1979, there have been articles- may be a book or two- on some aspects of these developments individually; however, there is no comprehensive narrative that covers developments as a whole and places them against the backdrop of national and global political, economic, and educational developments.

Tradition and Innovation in Cataloguing Medieval Manuscripts

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-58
Author(s):  
Orietta Da Rold
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

Abstract In this essay, I offer a brief history of manuscript cataloguing and some observations on the innovations this practice introduced especially in the digital form. This history reveals that as the cataloguing of medieval manuscripts developed over time, so did the research needs it served. What was often considered traditional cataloguing practices had to be mediated to accommodate new scholarly advance, posing interesting questions, for example, on what new technologies can bring to this discussion. In the digital age, in particular, how do digital catalogues interact with their analogue counterparts? What skills and training are required of scholars interacting with this new technology? To this end, I will consider the importance of the digital environment to enable a more flexible approach to cataloguing. I will also discuss new insights into digital projects, especially the experience accrued by the The Production and Use of English Manuscripts 1060 to 1220 Project, and then propose that in the future cataloguing should be adaptable and shareable, and make full use of the different approaches to manuscripts generated by collaboration between scholars and librarians or the work of postgraduate students and early career researchers.

Late-glacial and Post-glacial history of the Chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent

1964 ◽  
Vol 248 (745) ◽  
pp. 135-204 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Valley Floor ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
History Of

This paper describes the morphology of a small piece of the Chalk escarpment near Brook in east Kent, and reconstructs its history since the end of the Last Glaciation. The escarpment contains a number of steep-sided valleys, or coombes, with which are associated deposits of chalk debris, filling their bottoms and extending as fans over the Gault Clay plain beyond. Here the fans overlie radiocarbon-dated marsh deposits of zone II (10 000 to 8800 B.C.) of the Late-glacial Period. The debris fans were formed and the coombes were cut very largely during the succeeding zone III (8800 to 8300 B.C.). The fans are the products of frost-shattering, probably transported by a combination of niveo-fluvial action and the release of spring waters; intercalated seams of loess also occur. The molluscs and plants preserved in the Late-glacial deposits give a fairly detailed picture of local conditions. The later history of one of the coombes, the Devil’s Kneadingtrough, is reconstructed. The springs have effected virtually no erosion and have probably always emerged more or less in their present position. In the floor of the coombe the periglacial chalk rubbles of zone III are covered by Postglacial deposits, mainly hillwashes. They are oxidized and yield no pollen, but contain rich faunas of land Mollusca, which are presented in the form of histograms revealing changing local ecological and climatic conditions. During most of the Post-glacial Period, from the end of zone III until about the beginning of zone VIII, very little accumulation took place on the coombe floor. But below the springs there are marsh deposits which span much of this interval. They yield faunas of considerable zoogeographical interest. The approximate beginning of zone VII a (Atlantic Period) is reflected by a calcareous tufa, which overlies a weathering horizon, and represents an increase in spring flow. Two clearance phases are deduced from the molluscan record. The first may have taken place at least as early as the Beaker Period (Late Neolithic/earliest Bronze Age); the second is probably of Iron Age ‘A’ date. In Iron Age times the subsoil was mobilized and a phase of rapid hillwashing began. As a result the valley floor became buried by humic chalk muds. The prime cause of this process was probably the beginning of intensive arable farming on the slopes above the coombe; a possible subsidiary factor may have been the Sub-Atlantic worsening of climate. The muds yield pottery ranging in date from Iron Age ‘Kentish first A’ ( ca . 500 to ca . 300 B.C.) to Romano-British ware of the first or second centuries A.D. Evidence is put forward for a possible climatic oscillation from dry to wet taking place at about the time of Christ. In the later stages of cultivation, possibly in the Roman Era, the valley floor was ploughed and given its present-day form.

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