scholarly journals BUILDING OF AN AVERAGE WOMAN IMAGE IN MEMOIRS ON MAKHNOVSHCHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Olga A. Simonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Average Woman ◽  
Oral Stories

The study addresses the memoirs of Natalia Sukhogorskaya “The memory of the Makhnovshchina” (1927) to restore the life of an ordinary woman under the power of Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine. In the Nestor Makhno’s capital Huliaipole, autobiographical heroine immerses herself in the atmosphere filled with legends about Makhno. Thus the author generates two narrative tendencies: autobiographical and folkloric ones. The rumors nurture the autobiographical heroine’s fears. From this perspective, author shows the identities of the heroine. The first of them — the motherhood — is not jeopardized under Makhno since he is friendly to children. The second is the refugee. Affiliation to the female sex also protects Sukhogorskaya under the rebels` sway. School as her job gives her an inviolable status. Her more vulnerable position is related to her identity as intelligentsia representative, seeing that the rebels didn’t like this social stratum. The perspectives of author and autobiographical heroine are often intersecting, yet the paper proves able to clarify the author’s functions who acts as a writer giving characteristics of internal movements of his personages. The author also appears as a historian who generalizes in hindsight and as a folklorist who records and reproduces oral stories, legends and rumors of the Civil war times. Fear for the life and the desire to survive become main motivators for the residents during the war, so that against this backdrop the author`s political views remain unclear.

Hobbes’s Political-Philosophical Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-36
Author(s):  
A.P. Martinich
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Human Life ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Philosophical Project

The appropriate theory to guide interpretations of Hobbes’s philosophy is both intentionalist and historical. Intentionalism is the search for what he intended to communicate. What he meant to communicate was conditioned by his historical circumstances. Conceiving of his political philosophy as a science on the model of geometry, Hobbes identified its two methods and its goal. The first method consists of beginning with definitional causes and deducing their effects; the second consists of beginning with effects and hypothesizing possible causes. The goal of philosophy is to improve the quality of human life. As for his subversion, he wanted to subvert the mistaken religio-political views that led to the English Civil War, the belief in limited sovereignty, the practice of superstitions, and the pretension that religion should be independent of the sovereign.

Volunteers for Anarchy: The International Group of the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200942094992
Author(s):  
Morris Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
International Group ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hostile Attitude

This article explores the twin phenomena of anti-fascism and transnational war volunteering through a case study of the International Group of the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War. This anarchist-led unit comprised approximately 368 volunteers with a variety of political views from at least 25 different countries. The article examines the relationship between these foreign volunteers and their Spanish hosts (both anarchist and non-anarchist), through, firstly, the militarization of the militias in the winter of 1936, and, secondly, the group’s role in the May Days of 1937 and its aftermath. These episodes show the often hostile attitude of Spaniards to foreigners within Spain and challenge the characterization of the conflict as distinctively internationalist. The lives of these volunteers also highlight the continuity of anti-fascism between the interwar and wartime period, with Spain acting as an ‘anti-fascist melting pot’ where volunteers of different backgrounds and political leanings came together in a common cause. This commitment, however, was not unconditional, and was frequently challenged due to circumstances within Spain. Through studying these transnational fighters, we have a more comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of twentieth century anti-fascism.

scholarly journals Samara landowner and liberal Georgy Nikolaevich Kostromitinov

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Petrovna Barinova ◽  
Pyotr Serafimovich Kabytov ◽  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Kabytova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Political Figure

Based on the analysis of archival documents, periodicals, memoirs the paper reconstructs the biography of an outstanding political figure - a member of the constitutional democratic party, one of the organizers of the provincial branch of the cadet party in the Samara province, deputy of the 1st State Duma G.N. Kostromitinov. The authors have defined stages of his life and work as well as the main directions of his economic activity. The authors also emphasize the importance of G.N. Kostromitinovs participation in the work of Zemstvo institutions. It contributed to the development of his political views and had a significant impact on development of the Samara nobleman as a prominent regional public figure. During the revolutionary events of 1905, he became one of the leaders of the Samara cadets, which led to the election of G.N. Kostromitinov to the 1st State Duma. The authors have recreated the process of the constitutional democratic party branch establishment in the Samara province, G.N. Kostromitinovs place and role in the leadership and activities of the Samara branch of the party of the cadets. The authors have also established his relationships with the provincial leaders A.A. Chemodurov and A.N. Naumov. The paper presents biographical data about G.N. Kostromitinovs son - M.G. Kostromitinov before and after the Great Russian revolution and Civil war, it also considers his tragic death during Stalins repressions. The results can serve as a basis for further reconstruction of the socio-political portrait of the Russian nobility.

scholarly journals On the Edge of Empire

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
Soumaya Pernilla Ouis
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
North And South ◽  
Oral Stories

In the preface of her On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration,and the Indian Ocean 1880s-1930s, the author explains that a westernercould conduct research in the Hadhramawt region only after the unificationof North and South Yemen in May 1990. Hence, we can concludethat Boxberger’s work is an effort to add to our knowledge of this underresearchedarea. I have seldom read such a wonderfully detailed book,clearly written and polysonic in its application of diverse researchmethodologies, such as archive studies and oral stories collected fromanthropological fieldwork. It gives several important insights into a complexhistory of one of Arabia’s most fascinating regions.One often encounters the notion that Arabia has been isolated fromforeign influence, and thus left alone with its own traditions and lifestyles.This understanding particularly applies to Yemen, as being a mythical landthat has not changed since ancient times. However, this is far from thetruth. Since Yemen could be viewed as what the rest of Arabia would havebeen without oil, one could conclude that petrodollars have actually conservedcertain cultural values and social organizations. Yemen, on theother hand, has experienced communism, civil war, and recently democratization,unlike other parts of the Arabian peninsula.Boxberger’s study covers Hadhramawt’s Qu’ayti and Kathiri sultanatesduring 1880-1930, a period that is crucial for understanding modernYemen. Her study focuses on the British influence, as these sultanatesbecame British protectorates; the emigration of natives to other parts ofthe Indian Ocean region; and the development of modern communication ...

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS OF NAZHMUDDIN GOTSINSKY (1859-1925)

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Imanutdin Kh. Sulaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Spiritual Leader ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The author tries to analyze the socio-political views of one of the authoritative religious and public figures of the North Caucasus and Daghestan in the first quarter of the 20th century - a mufti-imam Nazhmuddin Gotsinsky basing on the published works of different years, memoirs of the participants in the revolution and the Civil War, archival documents. The author analyzes the views of N. Gotsinsky through his key speeches, sermons and proclamations of 1917-1918. Nazhmuddin Gozinsky is a famous politician and spiritual leader, chairman of the Spiritual Council of the Union of United Mountaineers of the North Caucasus and Dagestan. He was one of the leaders of the counter-revolutionary movement in Dagestan in 1917-1921. On the basis of the studied materials the author draws a conclusion that social and political and social views of Nazhmuddin Gotsinsky reflected all contradictions of the revolutionary period and tragedy of the Civil war.

THE AUDACITY OF TRUTH: THE ANTIGONE OF ARIS ALEXANDROU, A PLAY OF ISLAND DETENTION FROM THE GREEK CIVIL WAR

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
GONDA VAN STEEN
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Politics And Culture

Abstract This article offers a thematic reading of the Antigone play that the Greek poet Aris Alexandrou finished writing in 1951, while pushed into isolation on the prison islands for leftist detainees of the Greek Civil War. It also discusses the 2003 stage production of the play by director Victor Arditti and the State Theatre of Northern Greece. Alexandrou's free adaptation of Sophocles' Antigone delivers the complex other side of the radical resistance that inspired postwar Greek politics and culture. The playwright's political views made him suffer exile within the ‘internal exile’ of his detainment on the prison islands, and the same holds true for his young and idealist protagonist Antigone. Thus the play becomes an essential piece of the less well documented debate between the Greek Left and those pushed out from within. Therefore, too, it has been particularly vulnerable to criticism – or to a fate worse than criticism: oblivion.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Russian Officers in the Conditions of the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 Based on Savinkov’s Memoirs

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Piotr Głuszkowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation

The Polish-Soviet War of 1920 is a key period to understanding the history of Poland as well as Polish-Russian relationships. Despite the amount of research on the topic, there are still many gaps to be filled. One of them is the attitudes and behaviour of Russian officers in war conditions. The main source for this article is Viktor Savinkov’s memoirs written in 1927 and kept in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. Viktor Viktorovich Savinkov (1886–1954) was a Russian publicist, writer, and artist; younger brother of Boris Savinkov, a famous writer and revolutionist. During the Russian Civil War, he was a soldier of the Don Army. In early 1920, he was captured by the Bolsheviks and offered to join the Red Army. The article characterises the way Savinkov was concealing his socio-political views, expressing his attitudes towards new authorities, and how he managed to desert during the Polish-Soviet war. The conditions of the offensive of the Red Army on Warsaw are also described in the memoirs, including the sentiments and behaviour of the soldiers. Savinkov’s memoirs make it possible to study the behaviour of other officers and soldiers of the former Russian army, who had been forced to serve in the Red Army.

scholarly journals Bohdan Pavlu and His Activities in Russia (1915—1919)

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-360
Author(s):  
M. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
J. Vaculik
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Single State ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the study of the political activity of one of the prominent figures of the Czech and Slovak national movement Bohdan Pavlu, who played a significant role in the Civil War in Russia. The material was documents of personal origin and official documents containing information on the activities of sCzech-Slovak organizations in Russia. The author pays attention to the evolution of political views of B. Pavlu, his attitude to the tsarist government. It is shown how external circumstances influenced the support of the course of T. G. Masaryk. Particular attention is paid to the activities of B. Pavlu during the Civil War in Russia. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that for the first time the socio-political views of one of the leaders of the Czech national movement in Russia are comprehensively studied. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of consensus in Russian society on the role of foreign intervention in the events of 1917—1922. It is proved that B. Pavlu’s activities contributed to the consolidation of the Czech and Slovak national movement in Russia. It is emphasized that it was he who formulated the concept of “Czechoslovakia”, which formed the basis for the idea of creating a single state for the two peoples.

scholarly journals Representations of Femininity in Seventeenth Century Conduct Manuals for Gentlemen

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
Stefania Biscetti
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Conduct Manuals ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Representations Of Women ◽  
The Revolution

Abstract This paper investigates conceptual representations of women in 17th century conduct manuals for gentlemen published in England before and after the Civil War. The aim is to see whether the socio-cultural transformations produced by the Revolution are reflected in the metaphorical expressions referring to the female sex in a highly conservative textual genre

Female sex steroid induced gallbladder epithelium changes and gallstone deposits in female hamsters: TEM and SEM aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
S. Karkare ◽  
J. Gilloteaux ◽  
T. R. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Purina Chow

Approximately 1 million people in the United States alone develop gallstones each year. The incidence is higher in women than in men and the ratio being 4 ≥ 1. A correlation has also been suggested between oral contraceptives and cholelithiasis. In addition, postmenopausal or cancer estrogen therapy has been reported to be a factor responsible for gallstone formation. Female sex hormone receptors have been detected not only in the gallbladder musculature, but also in its epithelium. As a follow up to experiments effectuated in the male and the ovariectomized Syrian hamster, this report shows that, a combination of a low cholesterol diet with female sex steroid treatment contributes to the formation of gallstone-like deposits, while modifying the surface epithelium morphology. Syrian hamsters (F1B strain, BioBreeders, Watertown MA) were housed under 12h light: 12 h dark cycle, at 20 °C, fed Purina chow and water ad libitum. Several duration/treatment groups were studied, but this report will focus on data obtained with the group injected weekly with estradiol valerate (E weekly, s.c. 8-10 μg/100 g.b.w., in corn oil) and with i.m. medroxyprogesterone acetate (DepoProvera Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI; 8-10 mg/100 g.b.w.) for a 3-month period. Other parameters (blood and bile) were also studied but not reported here.

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