Neutrality is Impossible: Nationalism, Unequal Treaties and the National Christian Council of China 1925-1926

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 135-156
Author(s):  
Marina Xiaojing WANG
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Chinese Churches ◽  
Missionary Societies ◽  
Unequal Treaties ◽  
Prompt Response

"This article takes the National Christian Council of China (NCC) as a ease study. By examining the responses from various stakeholder both mainline Chinese Protestants and western mission within the NCC to the campaigns for the abrogation of the unequal treaties during the period of 1925——1926, it aims to reveal the tension and interaction between Christian missions? Chinese churches and the nationalist discourse. This article argues that although both Protestant missions and Chinese churches were in general the beneficiaries of the utoleration clauses“ of the unequal treaties and were aware of the necessity of drawing a clear borderline with the treaties > the two parties viewed the matter from different standpoints. To the majority of the missionary societies associated with the NCC > it was a diplomatic matter to be solved through formal negotiation between the governments. Whereas to most of the mainline Chinese Protestants> it had developed into a fundamental factor causing not only Christianity's unfavourable position in Chinese society, but also China's backwardness and uhumiliation. Considerably influenced by the nationalist discourse? they ardently engaged themselves in the campaigns to abrogate the unequal treaties > individually or as a group. Specific Chinese socio-political context and the nationalist discourse contributed significantly to the divergence of views. The NCC, incorporating both sides?was obliged to make a prompt response to the treaty issue and struggled to find common ground among the cooperating bodies.

The Threat of Charter 08

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chongyi
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Grand Alliance

Charter 08 is a document that seeks to forge a grand alliance of Chinese liberal elements within the system and outside the system. Its signatories and supporters include known dissidents as well as officials, retired officials, and others from within the system. More significantly, Charter 08 symbolizes yet another alliance between political dissidence and the weiquan movement which is more rooted in Chinese society. The two political forces have been sharply divided since 1989. While the former challenges the CCP directly and calls for a fundamental political change, the latter takes concrete actions in protecting the legal rights of citizens within the framework of the existing political system. Charter 08 provides a common ground for the two forces.

Contextualizing Hymns and Songs for the Chinese Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 728-750
Author(s):  
Fang-Lan Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Christian Music ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
Chinese Churches

This essay discusses the development of Chinese Christian hymns and songs from the early twentieth century to modern times. Some hymns and songs composed by early Chinese hymn writers are analyzed, such as the works of Hsi Sheng-mo, Dora Yu, Jia Yu-ming, Wang Zai, Wang Ming Wang-dao, John Sung, Watchman Nee, and John E. Su. In order to effectively bring the gospel and teach biblical truths to the people, they used words and expressions that resonated with and were understood easily by Chinese. In the 1930s, T. C. Chao began to promote the idea of contextualizing Christianity and hymnody to meet the needs of Chinese society. He wrote hymns for Hymns for the People (1931), which were paired with Chinese tunes arranged by missionary Bliss Wiant. Significant hymnals compiled for Chinese churches, as well as hymns and songs composed by contemporary hymn writers and Christian music groups, also are examined.

Motives in Protestant Missions, 1890–1917

1954 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Varg
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Seminary Students ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Missionary Societies

In terms of the number of missionaries, financial contributions, and amount of home front propaganda, the missionary movement reached its peak in the United States in the years from 1890 to 1917. Only during this period did the foreign missions of the Protestant churches enjoy sufficient popular support to warrant use of the term “crusade.”This raises the question as to why Christian missions should have had such a strong appeal to the generation which elected Theodore Roosevelt to the presidency, embarked on a crusade to liberate the Cubans, and later sent its sons to Europe allegedly to defend the moral principles of democracy. Nothing could have been more quixotic than the slogan adopted by the Student Volunteers: “The Evangelization of the World in this Generation.” This motto expressed the vision of the thousands of college and seminary students who joined the Student Volunteers. It was also the goal of the hosts of women's missionary societies and the Laymen's Movement, the organization which marshaled the support of more than 100,000 men in the churches in behalf of foreign missions.

scholarly journals Archaeology, Politics, Entertainment and Dialogue: Polish (Digital) Public Archaeology

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Piślewska
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Public Archaeology ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Economic

The following article addresses notions of communication of archaeology and communication between archaeology and society in Poland—past and present. The examination of these two issues begins with a presentation of their historical background, rooted in a political, economic and sociological context. Through reaching back to the past of the Polish state some trends in presenting archaeology to the public can be easily traced. Particular ways of communicating archaeology to the general public are deeply connected with tradition and the wider social and political context, all of which have an undoubtful impact on the reception and perception of archaeology—as a science and as a profession. New technologies, through which communication between archaeologists and society takes place, are definitely used in Poland nowadays, however, the ways in which information is constructed should refer to the existing experience. What should be found is some common ground on which new technologies and traditional ideas of presentation of archaeology could work together and create the most efficient presentation.

A Survey of African Material in the Libraries and Archives of Protestant Missionary Societies in England

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 277-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maidel Cason
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
African Writer ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Missionary Societies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
African Missions

The libraries and archives of mission societies provide rare, often unique, source material concerning the last two centuries of African history. The following survey of Protestant mission societies in England is based on a survey done in 1970. In 1978 letters were written to all societies listed in order to update the material. Replies were received from twenty-one. When no information was received in 1978 this has been indicated in the text. Bibliographical and reference material has also been updated. Included for each of the societies covered is a list of the areas where the society worked in Africa, the types of material held, the mission periodicals produced and notes about access.There are two guides available which cover some of the groups considered. Rosemary Keen's A Survey of the Archives of Selected Missionary Societies (1968) describes the archives of nineteen societies. It is very uneven in coverage and includes a number of inaccuracies. A Guide to Manuscripts and Documents in the British Isles Related to Africa compiled by Noel Matthews and M. Doreen Wainwright was published in 1971 based on a survey done in 1965. It covers eleven of the societies listed here and the extent of coverage is indicated in the individual sections.Early in this century a South African writer attempted to cover all of African missions south of the Sahara. Du Plessis' A History of Christian Missions in South Africa (1911) and his Evangelization of Pagan Africa (1929) are carefully done, detailed accounts from the South African viewpoint. In 1958 Gerdener continued the coverage of South African work with his Recent Developments in the South African Mission Field.

Stylistic Processes of Meaning-Making: An Analysis of Selected Newspaper Headlines of 20 May 2017 Celebration in Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
SEINO Evangeline Agwa Fomukong
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Stylisticians analyse the style of language by looking systematically at the formal features of a text, and determining their functional significance for the interpretation of the text in question. Texts can be classified as either literary or non-literary. In looking at texts, this study has examined the power headlines wield in the discourse of the 20 May 2017 representation in three newspapers in Cameroon. It has presented a coherent system of meanings, historically located, supporting institutions, reproducing power relations and having ideological effects, portraying the relationship between the context and interpretation to make meaning. For the headlines to raise interest and arouse the reader, they must draw power from the common ground which is the shared culture and political context. The study uses as conceptual framework Fairclough’s analytical elements in the process of meaning-making, which are production of the text, the text itself and the reception of the text, bringing out the ideologies of contrast, negativity and positivity. The analysis concludes that news makers tilt their use of linguistic choice towards the ideas they want to implant on their audience, and at times manifest exaggeration and therefore misrepresentation in reporting an event. 

scholarly journals Music, blackness and national identity: three moments in Colombian history

Popular Music ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wade
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Music And Identity ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Colombian History ◽  
Musical Styles

The study of music and national identity has been limited, in my view, by some underlying assumptions. The first is connected to some influential ideas on nationalism, while the second has to do with long-standing ideas about the relation between music and identity. On nationalism, many approaches place too much emphasis on the homogenising tendencies of nationalist discourse, whereas, in my view, homogenisation exists in a complex and ambivalent relationship with the construction of difference by the same nationalist forces that create homogeneity. In a related fashion, with respect to music and identity, several studies of Latin American musical styles and their socio-political context – for example, ones focusing on the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Brazil – display a tendency to set up a model of homogenising elites versus diversifying and resistant minorities.

Christian Missions and Islam in the 1960s and 1970s

2018 ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Todd M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Christian Faith ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Conservative Evangelical ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Missionary Societies ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Working Out

This chapter tracks Anderson’s role in promoting the idea of dialogue between Christianity and Islam in the 1960s and 1970s. It also follows Anderson’s efforts towards working out practical institutional responses to the dissolution of the Christendom-heathendom dichotomy amongst Anglican missionary societies. It takes up Anderson’s ongoing debates with figures like Kenneth Cragg and assesses his theological contributions to missionary theories about contextualization and salvation outside of the Christian faith. It makes a case for viewing Anderson as an influential theologian of pluralism and religious dialogue within the conservative Evangelical tradition.

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