scholarly journals Effect of adding different levels of zinc to the diets on performance and growth of local female goat

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Moayed Towaje ◽  
A Kuttar ◽  
Hassan Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Different Levels

This study was carried out at the Abu Ghraib sheep and goat breeding station to study the effect of adding different levels of zinc (0, 15, 20 and 25 mg/kg. DM) which type of radians: concentrate diets 25% or alfalfa hay 75% in the performance of local goat females and some carcass characteristics of goat females. The animals were divided into four groups (T1) fed free of additives and T2 fed 15 mg zinc/kg.DM and T3 and T4 groups fed 20 and 25 mg/kg.DM of zinc. The results showed no significant effect of adding zinc to the diet on the total feed intake for all nutrients except the dry matter intake (g/ kg) that were increasing significant (P˂0.01) For all groups of adding zinc, Also the results showed that there were increase significant (P˂0.01) in some of the studied traits (total and daily weight and feed conversion ratio as well as the final weight of local goat females). The results also showed increase significant (P˂0.01) in some of the carcass characteristics (slaughter weight, empty body weight, warm carcass weight and the percentage of conversion based on body weight) compared with the T1 group.

Daily methane emissions and emission intensity of grazing beef cattle genetically divergent for residual feed intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Velazco ◽  
R. M. Herd ◽  
D. J. Cottle ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion

As daily methane production (DMP; g CH4/day) is strongly correlated with dry matter intake (DMI), the breeding of cattle that require less feed to achieve a desired rate of average daily gain (ADG) by selection for a low residual feed intake (RFI) can be expected to reduce DMP and also emission intensity (EI; g CH4/kg ADG). An experiment was conducted to compare DMP and EI of Angus cattle genetically divergent for RFI and 400-day weight (400dWT). In a 6-week grazing study, 64 yearling-age cattle (30 steers, 34 heifers) were grazed on temperate pastures, with heifers and steers grazing separate paddocks. Liveweight (LW) was monitored weekly and DMP of individual cattle was measured by a GreenFeed emission monitoring unit in each paddock. Thirty-nine of the possible 64 animals had emission data recorded for 15 or more days, and only data for these animals were analysed. For these cattle, regression against their mid-parent estimated breeding value (EBV) for post-weaning RFI (RFI-EBV) showed that a lower RFI-EBV was associated with higher LW at the start of experiment. Predicted dry matter intake (pDMI), predicted DMP (pDMP) and measured DMP (mDMP) were all negatively correlated with RFI-EBV (P < 0.05), whereas ADG, EI, predicted CH4 yield (pMY; g CH4/kg DMI) were not correlated with RFI-EBV (P > 0.1). Daily CH4 production was positively correlated with animal LW and ADG (P < 0.05). The associations between ADG and its dependent traits EI and pMY and predicted feed conversion ratio (kg pDMI/kg ADG) were strongly negative (r = –0.82, –0.57 and –0.85, P < 0.001) implying that faster daily growth by cattle was accompanied by lower EI, MY and feed conversion ratio. These results show that cattle genetically divergent for RFI do not necessarily differ in ADG, EI or pMY on pasture and that, if heavier, cattle with lower RFI-EBV can actually have higher DMP while grazing moderate quality pastures.

scholarly journals Using banana peels in pellet rations to improve performance of local male rabbits (Lepus nigricollis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
R. Rochi ◽  
G.A.M.K. Dewi ◽  
I.M. Nuriyasa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Final Weight

A concise and factual abstract This study aims to find out the influence of the use of banana peels in pellet rations to improve the performance of local male rabbits (Lepus nigricollis). The study used 20 local male rabbits that were maintained from 5 to 12 weeks old. The study used Randomized Group Design with 4 treatments and 5 repeats. The treatments in this study are: Rabbit feed that did not contain banana peels (R0), Rabbit feed that contained 5% banana peels (R1), Rabbit feed that contained 10% banana peel (R2), and Rabbit feed that contained 15% banana peel (R3). The results showed no noticeable difference (P>0.05) in the treatment of rations against the ingenuity of dry matter digestibility, energy digestibility, protein digestibility, protein consumption, consumption of dry materials, and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Rabbits who get R1 ration treatment produce the final weight and the weight gain was significantly different (P<0.05) to R0 and R3 treatment, and not significantly different (P>0.05) on R2 treatment. R1 ration consumption is the highest (P<0.05) compared to R0, R2, and R3 treatments. The effect of ration treatment on carcass variables shows results significantly different (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Original Research Article Milk Yield and Feed Conversion of Sokoto Gudali Cows Fed Elephant Grass Ensiled with Cassava Peel

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Olusola Adeyanju Olorunnisomo ◽  
Gladys Abiemwense Ibhaze
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract Year-round availability of feed is a major concern for dairy farmers in many parts of the tropics. Silage making is a reliable means of providing feed for dairy cattle during periods of forage scarcity. In this study, Elephant grass (EG) (Pennisetum purpureum) was ensiled with cassava peel (CSP) at 0, 10, 30 and 50% levels of inclusion on a wet basis. At 21, 42 and 63 days of ensiling, silage samples were taken for chemical analysis and the remaining materials were fed to four lactating Sokoto Gudali cows for a period of 84 days using a Latin square design. Dry matter (DM) content of silage mixtures increased from 18.22 to 28.70% as level of CSP in the silage mixture increased while crude protein (7.33 to 6.08%) and crude fibre (32.80 to 23.95%) decreased. Dry matter intake of cows, milk yield and feed conversion ratio (FCR) varied (P < 0.05) with inclusion of cassava peel in the silage mixtures. Dry matter intake of cows increased from 2.56 to 3.84% of body weight (BW) and milk yield from 2.90 to 6.70 kg/d as proportion of CSP in the grass silage increased. Feed conversion ratio of cows ranged from 2.08 to 3.23 and improved with inclusion of CSP in the silage. These results show that addition of cassava peel to Elephant grass silage improved intake and milk production in Sokoto Gudali cows fed Elephant grass silage.

scholarly journals Effect of including canola meal in diets of slaughter ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-551
Author(s):  
T.S. Brand ◽  
J. Van der Merwe ◽  
L.C. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Gain

Canola meal (CM) is a locally produced protein source that may be less expensive than soybean meal (SBM). This study evaluated the effects of replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% SBM with CM in diets for slaughter ostriches. The CM was added at the expense of SBM and other concentrates, with minor changes in other ingredients. Birds (n = 15 per treatment) were reared from 77 to 337 days old on the trial diets, which were supplied ad libitum for starter, grower, and finisher phases. Bodyweights and feed intake were measured during these phases. No differences (P >0.05) were found between treatments for live weight at the end of each phase, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) over all the growth phases. Although no differences were observed in live weight at the end of each phase, the birds reared on the diet with 50% CM were heaviest at slaughter, and birds reared with 100% CM were lightest (P <0.05). Differences (P <0.05) between diets were observed for the weight at slaughter, weights of the liver and thyroid glands and the pH of the cold carcass. However, no differences (P >0.05) were observed between diets for fat pad weight, dressing percentage, and weights of thighs and Muscularis gastrocnemius. The results indicate that CM could replace SBM in the diets of slaughter ostriches without affecting production traits and slaughter yields.Keywords: alternative protein, average daily gain, canola, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, growth, ostrich nutrition, production

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE GENETIC GROUP, EGG WEIGHT, AND THEIR INTERACTION ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF QUAIL BIRDS DURING THE GROWTH STAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Raad Dawood ◽  
Majid A.S. Alneemy ◽  
Shehab M. Hameed ◽  
Shehab M. Hameed ◽  
Shehab M. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the genetic groups (three of local quails different with feather color, which are white, black and brown) and the egg weight (three classes of eggs are heavy, medium and light) and the interaction between them on productive performance during the growth phase (0-6 weeks of age). Eggs were individually weighed and graded into three groups: heavy (11.5-12.4g), medium (10.5-11.4g), and light (9.5-10.4g) inside each genetic group. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant effect (p?0.05) of the genetic group (feather color), egg weight and their interaction on the productive performance during the total breeding period.The brown birds had significantly higher values of body weight, weight gain, carcass characteristics and better feed conversion ratio in all analyzed weeks. The birds which hatched from heavy eggs showed higher value of body weight, weight gain, carcass characteristics, feed consumption and better feed conversion ratio. Brown birds which hatched from heavy eggs had higher value of body weight, weight gain and carcass characteristics, while brown birds which hatched from medium eggs had better feed conversion ratio. We can therefore consider brown quail as the best for fattening purposes

scholarly journals Using different levels of glycerine, glucose, or sucrose in broiler starter diets to overcome negative effects of delayed feed access on growth performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Anhao Wang ◽  
Derek Anderson ◽  
Bruce Rathgeber
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Different Levels

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of glycerine, glucose, or sucrose in broiler starter diets to overcome negative effects of delayed feed access. In trial 1, 2160 newly hatched chicks (mixed sexed) were randomly assigned to two feeding programs (immediate vs. 36 h delayed feed access). Nine starter diets prepared with crude glycerine, glucose, or sucrose fed at 0%, 4%, or 8% levels were fed during the first 14 d post hatch (PH). In trial 2, 720 male and 720 female newly hatched chicks were randomly assigned to two feeding programs (immediate vs. 48 h delayed feed access). Starter diets fed during the first 14 d of feed access, consisted of a control, 8% glycerine, or 8% glucose. In both trials, a common grower and finisher diet were fed during days 14–24 and 25–35, respectively. Body weight and feed consumed were measured on 7, 14, 24, and 35 d. In trial 1, all 8% diet-fed birds were heavier compared with the control on day 35 PH (2259 vs. 2198 g, P < 0.01). Birds fed glycerine starter diets had improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during 22–35 d (P < 0.01). In trial 2, glycerine diet resulted in heavier birds after 35 d of feed access, compared with birds fed control and glucose diets immediately after hatch (2373 vs. 2276 g, P < 0.01). Dietary inclusion of 8% glycerine can assist newly hatched broiler chicks to overcome delayed feed access induced growth suppression.

EFFECTS OF REPLACING BRACHIARIA MUTICA BY OPERCULIA TURPETHUM IN DIETS ON GROWTH OF BACH THAO GOATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (31) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Dat Quoc Ho ◽  
Quyen Thi Kim Nguyen ◽  
Hieu Van Truong
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted on 12 female goats with average bodyweight of 13±1.28 kg, designed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates to evaluate replaceing Operculia turpethum levels on growth of Bach Thao goats. Four treatments had the following convolution rate: 0% (OT0, control), 25% (OT25), 35% (OT35) and 45% (OT45). Concentrate is 0.15; 0.2 and 0.25 kg dry matter/head/day. Crippling rates (25, 35 and 45%) were calculated on the basis of 5% body weight and feathered grass was fed ad bilitum. The results showed that the average bodyweight gain of goats in treatments OT0, OT25, OT35 and OT45 was 77; 104; 111; 91 g/head/day, in which OT35 treatment had the highest bodyweight gain . DM intake was significantly different in the treatments. Feed conversion ratio was the lowest at OT25 (7.89) and the highest at OT0 (9.38) but no significant difference. The OT35 treatment achieved the best bodyweight gain and economic efficiency in the brackish replacing levels in the Bach Thao diets

scholarly journals Flight Zone as an Alternative Temperament Assessment to Predict Animal Efficiency

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Mariano Parra ◽  
Tia Breed ◽  
Alana Connolly ◽  
Emily Janz ◽  
Sarah Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Daily Gain

Animal temperament evaluation can be included in the cattle selection program also because of an existing correlation with performance. However, there are different assessment methods such as flight speed (time and speed that an animal takes to leave the crush) and exit score (indicating in which pace it does). Flight zone (FZ) refers to the distance that an animal allows human proximity without signs of fear (e.g., moving away and/or aggression) and it was used in this study as an alternative approach to measure temperament without putting cattle through the crush. Apparently, there is no study correlating FZ with performance. Therefore, a pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the correlation between average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of ten Brahman steers. Steers were classified into temperament groups (Docile <2 m; Moderate between 2 to 2.9 m; and Lively ≥3 m). Even though no significant differences were found for ADG (P = 0.65), DMI (P = 0.36), and FCR (P = 0.46), the docile group gained 133 grams/day more than lively counterparts, most likely because of the extra 50 grams consumed. Furthermore, lively steers required an extra 1 kg of feed per kg of gain in comparison to docile animals, 8.24 vs. 7.28 kg FCR, respectively. These results are promising and indicate that FZ could be an efficient way to measure temperament in cattle. Thus, in order to confirm these findings, a new experiment with a more representative number of steers (n = 30) will be conducted.

scholarly journals Effects of pen colour and photoperiod interactions on the performance and respiratory rate of finisher gilts

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
O. V. Adelowo ◽  
O. A. Adebiyi ◽  
O. Odu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Final Weight

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pen colour and photoperiod interactions on the performance and respiratory rate of gilts at finisher stage. Thirty-six crossbred (Large white x Landrace) gilts of mean body weight of 38.12±0.59kg were randomly allotted to four (4) treatments. Pens were painted with different colours: pantone441 (control), pantone293 (blue), pantone185 (red) and pantone361 (green) and exposed to photoperiods of 12, 15 and 18 hours (h). The experimental design was 3x 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design. Performance parameters measured were Feed Intake (FI), Final Weight (FW) and Weight Gain (WG), while Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was calculated weekly throughout the eight weeks of the experiment. Respiratory and rectal temperatures were also monitored. The main effect of pen colour was not significant (p>0.05) on FW and WG across the treatments while there were no significant variations (p>0.05) in the values of FI and FCR of the gilts due to pen colour. The respiratory rate varied significantly (p<0.05) with gilts in red pen (46.64±2.32) having the highest value. Photoperiod had no significant (p>0.05) effects on FW and WG, while FI and FCR had significant (p<0.05) variation across the treatments [12 h. (5.05±0.37),18 h(4.70±0.22) and 15 (4.68±0.25)]. Interactions of pen colour x photoperiods was also significant for FW, WG, FCR and FI. It can therefore be concluded that rearing gilts at finisher stage in green, blue or red pens gives optimal performance and photoperiod of 12hours gives maximum production.

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