scholarly journals Research of the reducing substances and pH yield kinetics of the wheat straw hydrolysates

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Irina V. Loginova ◽  
◽  
Maria V. Kharina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
The Given

In low-acid hydrolysis, the temperature, pH, pressure, and the type of hydrolyzed material can have a significant effect on the yield of reducing sugars. The active acidity of the medium can undergo significant changes under the influence of the reaction products. The processes of hydrolytic decomposition can be facilitated by acetic acid, which is formed during the deacetylation of hemicelluloses, as well as the ability of natural biomass to neutralize acids. The level of neutralization potential (buffer capacity) depends on the type of biomass. The influence of the pH on the yield of reducing substances in the process of hydrolysis of wheat straw with dilute sulfurous acid in a wide temperature range is envistigated. The choice of optimal conditions for the release of reducing sugars is complicated by the need to compare the hydrolysis regimes with several interrelated parameters. In order to analyze the influence of different factors, a comparative assessment of the process conditions was carried out, under which the maximum yield of reducing substances was achieved in each series of experiments. The studies have shown that the initial stage of the process is characterized by a decrease in the actual pH level in hydrolysates, and the greatest change is observed in liquid autohydrolysis products. The pH of hydrolysates, depending on the process mode, varies in the range from 1.26 to 4.1, but the highest yield of reducing substances corresponds to pH values of about 2. It is shown that dimensionless values of the maximum concentrations of reducing substances graphically correspond to the given values of the medium.

scholarly journals Growth studies of Leuconostoc mesenteroides on corn biomass based substrates

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
I. A. Khusainov ◽  
A. V. Kanarskiy
Keyword(s):  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Manganese Salts

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a well-known industrial producer of extracellular bacterial polysaccharide dextran. The main raw material for industrial cultivation of these microorganisms is molasses. Sucrose of molasses is the main source of carbon and energy for bacteria, as well as a precursor of dextran biosynthesis. It is known that the bacteria of the genus Leuconostoc are heterofermentative microorganisms and are capable to utilize various carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the of the corn biomass based mediumon the yield of bacterial biomass and the concentration of the extracellular polysaccharide.The hydrolyzate is a product of chemo-enzymatic treatment of plant lignocellulosic corn biomass and contains such monosaccharides as glucose, arabinose and xylose. The parameters of the composition of the medium were the concentration of hydrolyzate carbohydrates in the form of reducing substances (RS), the concentration of nitrogen (protein and non-protein), sucrose and the presence of minerals. The parameters of the cultivation process are pH and temperature. According to experimental data, the maximum yield of bacterial biomass (9.3 and 8.5%) were achieved on combined media with a sucrose content of 0.2% and a sodium salt (sodium phosphate), respectively. The highest specific growth rates of microorganisms (0.0840 and 0.0746) are demonstrated on a combined medium with a content of 0.15 and 0.3% inorganic nitrogen, respectively. The highest concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides (0.840 and 0.583%) are formed when magnesium and manganese salts are present in the nutrient medium. The optimal pH level for effective growth s is about 7, and the temperature in the range of 30-35 ° C.

Yield Performance of Calocybe indica on Different Agricultural Subatrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Ratna Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Calocybe Indica

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.

The Reactions of Substituted Germyl- and Silylhydrazines with BX3 and CY2 Acceptor Species

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Peterson ◽  
K. I. Thé
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Adduct Formation ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Hydrazine Derivatives ◽  
Basic Catalysts ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Electronic And Steric Effects

Boron trimethyl reacts with each of the organometalloid-hydrazine derivatives Me2NN(R)GeMe3 (R = H, Me, SiMe3) except Me2NN(SiMe3)GeMe3, and with Me2NNHSiMe3, forming 1:1 adducts. With Me2NN(SiMe3)GeMe3 and BMe3, no adduct was formed even at low temperatures. On the basis of p.m.r. spectra, the metalloid-substituted nitrogen atom rather than the terminal nitrogen, is indicated as the basic center at which adduct formation occurs. With BF3, the Si—N and Ge—N bonds of the hydrazine derivatives were cleaved, again indicating attack at the central nitrogen atom. In a series of experiments involving CY2 (Y = O, S) and Me2NN(R)MMe3 (R = H, Me, SiMe3; M = Si, Ge), reaction occurred readily for R = H, but less readily for R = Me and for the compound Me2NN(GeMe3)2, while no reaction was observed for the compounds Me2NN(SiMe3)2 and Me2NN(SiMe3)GeMe3, even when heat or basic catalysts were employed. Reaction products, carbamate and thiocarbamate derivatives, Me2NN(R)C(Y)YMMe3, were characterized on the basis molecular weight, i.r., p.m.r., and mass spectroscopy, and m.p. data. Ease of formation is discussed in terms of electronic and steric effects.

scholarly journals Alkali treatment of fungal pretreated wheat straw for bioethanol production

Bioethanol ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María García-Torreiro ◽  
Miguel Álvarez Pallín ◽  
María López-Abelairas ◽  
Thelmo A. Lu-Chau ◽  
Juan M. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw

AbstractBioconversion of lignocellulosic materials into ethanol requires an intermediate pretreatment step for conditioning biomass. Sugar yields from wheat straw were previously improved by the addition of a mild alkali pretreatment step before bioconversion by the white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus. In this work, an alternative alkaline treatment, which significantly reduces water consumption, was implemented and optimized. Sugar recovery increased 117% with respect to the previously developed alkaline wash process at optimal process conditions (30°C, 30 minutes and 35.7% (w/w) of NaOH). In order to further reduce operational costs, a system for alkali recycling was implemented. This resulted in the treatment of 150% more wheat straw using the same amount of NaOH. Finally, enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized and resulted in a reduction of enzyme dose of 33%.

«(Великая) культурная революция» в приграничных к СССР районах КНР: ХулунБуир, провинция Хэйлунцзян (1966–1976 гг.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Ochirov Ts. Solbonovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

The research of the problems of the contemporary history of the NorthEastern China including the analysis of ideological and political campaigns of the second half of the XX century is one of the high-potential fields of the Oriental studies in our country. The article focuses on the period of the (Great) ‘Cultural Revolution’ (1966–1976) at bordering USSR Chinese regions — Heilongjiang province and Khulun-Buir aimak of the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. The goals of the study are set in concurrence with chronological order of the events: the ‘cultural revolution’ in the above mentioned regions had two stages. The study is based on the works of the Chinese historians. The given research highlights the specific features of the initial stage of the “cultural revolution” including the criticism of the party officials, establishment of revolution committees and running a political campaign ‘vasu’; considers the Soviet-Chinese conflict at the Daman island in 1969 to be a factor in the following political stabilization of the bordering territories; examines the movement for restoration of the party apparatus and the boost in the industrial development in 1970s of the last century.

Combined transcriptome sequencing and prokaryotic expression to investigate the key enzyme in the 2-C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate pathway of Osmanthus fragrans

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Zhu Chen ◽  
Weiyu Wang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Yan Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prokaryotic Expression ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Main Components

Terpenoids are one of the main components of plant aromas. In the present study we investigated these compounds in Osmanthus fragrans Lour., which is a fragrant plant widely used for the production of essential oils. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results of enzymes associated with the 2-C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate pathway confirmed that the TPS is a key enzyme for terpenoid synthesis in O. fragrans. In a series of experiments, we identified the TPS candidate genes in O. fragrans and revealed the underlying catalytic activity and subcellular localisation of the encoded proteins. Because there is no available O. fragrans reference genome, we sequenced and analysed its transcriptome and identified two putative TPS genes, OfTPS1 and OfTPS2. According to qRT-PCR analysis, both genes were most highly expressed at the full-bloom stage, suggesting that OfTPS1 and OfTPS2 contribute to O. fragrans terpenoid synthesis. To verify this hypothesis, we constructed prokaryotic expression vectors to obtain protein. In order to study the function of OfTPS1 and OfTPS2 in the synthesis of monoterpenes, the obtained proteins were reacted with geranyl pyrophosphate. As a result, two kinds of monoterpenes, (E)-β-ocimene and linalool, were detected from reaction products, respectively. In conclusion, OfTPS1 and OfTPS2 are both monoterpene synthases.

scholarly journals Optimization of Digital Transfer Textile Printing Process using Multi-Objective Function Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501701200
Author(s):  
Dong Won Jeon ◽  
Sungmin Kim ◽  
In Hwan Sul ◽  
Chang Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Multiple Characteristic ◽  
Textile Printing ◽  
Digital Textile Printing ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Color Reproducibility

Digital textile printing (DTP) is widely used because it is more efficient and simpler than conventional textile printing methods. Digital transfer textile printing (DTTP) is one of the most efficient and simplest DTP methods. In this study, the optimum process conditions for DTTP have been investigated, to minimize the distortion of printed images and maximize the color reproducibility. First, a novel measurement method for fabric shrinkage and image distortion was developed. Then 9 characteristic values were defined and a series of experiments were designed and performed using the Taguchi method. Finally, two different multiple-characteristic value analyses were performed on the results. In one method, 9 characteristic values were converted into a single value. In the other method, the characteristic values were divided into 3 groups for analysis. Finally, results from the two methods were compared to determine which method was more suitable.

scholarly journals Impact of Fermentation and Phytase Treatment of Pea-Oat Protein Blend on Physicochemical, Sensory, and Nutritional Properties of Extruded Meat Analogs

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksei Kaleda ◽  
Karel Talvistu ◽  
Martti Tamm ◽  
Maret Viirma ◽  
Julia Rosend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Plant Materials

Plant materials that are used for the production of extruded meat analogs are often nutritionally incomplete and also contain antinutrients, thus there is a need to explore alternative plant proteins and pre-treatments. This study demonstrates application of phytase and fermentation to a pea-oat protein blend with a good essential amino acid profile and subsequent texturization using extrusion cooking. Enzymatic treatment reduced the content of antinutrient phytic acid by 32%. Extrusion also degraded phytic acid by up to 18%, but the effect depended on the material. Differences in physicochemical, sensorial, and textural properties between untreated and phytase-treated extruded meat analogs were small. In contrast, fermented material was more difficult to texturize due to degradation of macromolecules; physicochemical and textural properties of extrudates were markedly different; sensory analysis showed enhancement of flavor, but also detected an increase in some unwanted taste attributes (bitterness, cereal and off-taste). Phytic acid was not degraded by fermentation. Analysis of volatile compounds showed extrusion eliminated volatiles from the raw material but introduced Maillard reaction products. Overall, phytase treatment and fermentation demonstrated the potential for application in extruded meat analogs but also highlighted the necessity of optimization of process conditions.

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