scholarly journals Growth studies of Leuconostoc mesenteroides on corn biomass based substrates

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
I. A. Khusainov ◽  
A. V. Kanarskiy
Keyword(s):  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Manganese Salts

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a well-known industrial producer of extracellular bacterial polysaccharide dextran. The main raw material for industrial cultivation of these microorganisms is molasses. Sucrose of molasses is the main source of carbon and energy for bacteria, as well as a precursor of dextran biosynthesis. It is known that the bacteria of the genus Leuconostoc are heterofermentative microorganisms and are capable to utilize various carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the of the corn biomass based mediumon the yield of bacterial biomass and the concentration of the extracellular polysaccharide.The hydrolyzate is a product of chemo-enzymatic treatment of plant lignocellulosic corn biomass and contains such monosaccharides as glucose, arabinose and xylose. The parameters of the composition of the medium were the concentration of hydrolyzate carbohydrates in the form of reducing substances (RS), the concentration of nitrogen (protein and non-protein), sucrose and the presence of minerals. The parameters of the cultivation process are pH and temperature. According to experimental data, the maximum yield of bacterial biomass (9.3 and 8.5%) were achieved on combined media with a sucrose content of 0.2% and a sodium salt (sodium phosphate), respectively. The highest specific growth rates of microorganisms (0.0840 and 0.0746) are demonstrated on a combined medium with a content of 0.15 and 0.3% inorganic nitrogen, respectively. The highest concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides (0.840 and 0.583%) are formed when magnesium and manganese salts are present in the nutrient medium. The optimal pH level for effective growth s is about 7, and the temperature in the range of 30-35 ° C.

scholarly journals STUDY OF METHOD OF PROCESSING CELLULOSIC AND LIGNIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS USING CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Lakina ◽  
Valentin Yu. Doluda ◽  
Esfir M. Sulman ◽  
Irina P. Shkileva ◽  
Olga S. Burmatova
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the research the results of bioethanol and other valuable products formation are described during peat hydrolytic formation. The factors of cellulose-lignin raw materials (peat and wood sawdust) stability to the action of various hydrolyzing agents were determined. The obtained experimental data indicate the efficiency of peat and sawdust samples pre-treatment with H2SO4 (90 wt.%), which is expressed in the highest yield of reducing substances during hydrolysis of the samples, in comparison with the results obtained with H2SO4 pretreatment of a lower concentration. The article shows the results of cellulose-containing raw materials hydrolysis process study with various ways, including enzymatic treatment. Enzyme complex sample of Celloviridine, containing both exo-and endo-enzymes, was used. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cellulose-lignin-containing raw materials hydrolysis products was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the maximum rate of glucose accumulation (the final product of the hydrolytic process of cellulose-lignin raw materials) was observed when using samples of peat and sawdust pretreated with H2SO4 (90wt.%). As a result of cellulosulignin raw material subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, the amount of D-glucose in the hydrolyzate increased with the help of the Celloviridin preparation in comparison with its amount in the H2SO4 pretreatment. A comparative characterization of the raw material efficiency for the yield of the desired product - D-glucose is shown. In the process of combined hydrolysis of cellulose and lignin-containing raw materials the maximum yield of the monosaccharide was observed during the hydrolysis of peat samples. After appropriate neutralization the resulting hydrolysis solution can be used to produce bioethanol and bacterial biomass in the microbial synthesis of products used for animal feed, as well as for pharmaceutical practice.Forcitation:Lakina N.V., Doluda V.Yu., Sulman E.M., Shkileva I.P., Burmatova O.S. Study of method of processing cellulosic and lignin-containing raw materials using cellulolytic enzymes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 1. P. 78-83

scholarly journals Research of the reducing substances and pH yield kinetics of the wheat straw hydrolysates

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Irina V. Loginova ◽  
◽  
Maria V. Kharina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
The Given

In low-acid hydrolysis, the temperature, pH, pressure, and the type of hydrolyzed material can have a significant effect on the yield of reducing sugars. The active acidity of the medium can undergo significant changes under the influence of the reaction products. The processes of hydrolytic decomposition can be facilitated by acetic acid, which is formed during the deacetylation of hemicelluloses, as well as the ability of natural biomass to neutralize acids. The level of neutralization potential (buffer capacity) depends on the type of biomass. The influence of the pH on the yield of reducing substances in the process of hydrolysis of wheat straw with dilute sulfurous acid in a wide temperature range is envistigated. The choice of optimal conditions for the release of reducing sugars is complicated by the need to compare the hydrolysis regimes with several interrelated parameters. In order to analyze the influence of different factors, a comparative assessment of the process conditions was carried out, under which the maximum yield of reducing substances was achieved in each series of experiments. The studies have shown that the initial stage of the process is characterized by a decrease in the actual pH level in hydrolysates, and the greatest change is observed in liquid autohydrolysis products. The pH of hydrolysates, depending on the process mode, varies in the range from 1.26 to 4.1, but the highest yield of reducing substances corresponds to pH values of about 2. It is shown that dimensionless values of the maximum concentrations of reducing substances graphically correspond to the given values of the medium.

Dinitrogen fixation and nodulation by Frankia in Alnus incana as affected by inorganic nitrogen in pot experiments with peat

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2956-2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Granhall ◽  
T. Ericsson ◽  
M. Clarholm
Keyword(s):  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Ph Level

The effects of single large or repeated, exponentially increasing applications of nutrients, with or without inorganic nitrogen and at two pH levels, on the growth, nodulation, acetylene reduction, and nutrient uptake in Alnus incana (L.) Moench were investigated in pot experiments with peat under controlled laboratory conditions. The repeated application of inorganic nitrogen did not suppress nitrogenase activity until the last 2 weeks, whereas an initial, large, nitrogen application effectively inhibited nodulation and activity throughout the 40-day experimental period. The mode of nitrogen application was thus found to be more important than the total amounts applied. Shoot length, leaf area, shoot–root relations, dry-matter production, and nitrogen contents of plants were determined at the end of the experiment, as well as the effect of Frankia inoculations. Nitrogenase activity was determined three times, at 0, 3, and 5 weeks. N2 fixation (balance/acetylene reduction) was found to be maximal, 55% of total nitrogen uptake, in minus-N pots with single applications of essential nutrients. The fastest growth was, however, noted in pots with single applications of all nutrients, including N. Among the latter, pots inoculated with Frankia showed the best growth, in spite of low nitrogenase activity. The only noticeable effect of a raised pH level was a reduced endophyte activity in minus-N pots with single applications of essential nutrients, due to increased N mineralization in the peat.

Fine Silver Powders Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Zvereva ◽  
Vladimir A. Shunin ◽  
Roman S. Voinkov ◽  
Konstantin L. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Silver Powder ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Silver Recovery ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Tapped Density

The article lays out the findings aimed to develop the fine silver powder production technique for electronics industry by selecting the variable parameters whereby a number of powder grades can be produced in the existing production environment (JSC “Uralelektromed”, Russia). The tests for significance of the parameters of silver recovery by ascorbic acid such as pH level of nitrate silver solution, dispersant flow rate, initial concentration of silver, mixing rate and solution temperature made it possible to choose optimum conditions to produce powders of 0.8-6.3 μm in particle size, of 3.0-4.2 g/cm3 in tapped density and with the specific surface area of 2300-4300 cm2/g. Crystalline silver of 99.98 % purity served as a raw material for obtaining silver powders.

scholarly journals Ethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Salman Khan Promon ◽  
Wasif Kamal ◽  
Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob Hossain ◽  
Naiyyum Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).  After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as an excellent raw material in ethanol fermentation.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS BY CARBON DIOXIDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gafurov ◽  
B. Muhammadiev ◽  
Sh. Mirzaeva ◽  
F. Kuldosheva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Laboratory Setup

The unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent are widely used for extraction. In supercritical media, the dissolution of molecules of various chemical nature is possible. The purpose of this investigation was to study the extraction process and obtain extracts from valuable regional plant materials by applying CO2 extraction under pre- and supercritical conditions. The objects of research were: ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberry and jida flowers. For extraction, a laboratory setup was used that allows extraction when the CO2 is supplied by a high-pressure plunger pump in the sub- and supercritical state using a heat pump. The pressure range is 3-15 MPa, temperatures 295–330 K, and the volumetric flow rate above the critical CO2 is 800–900 g. Experiments with ground seeds of melon and pumpkin showed that as a result of 4 sequentially performed extraction cycles on a single load with supercritical CO2 parameters ( 315–330 K; 3–7.5 MPa) the decrease in the mass of melon seeds was 90 g (pumpkins 80 g). During the total extraction time (2.5 hours), 20 kg of CO2 were pumped through the reactor (25 l at 290 K and 6.8 MPa), while the average oil content in the extract was 4 g per 1 kg of CO2 (3.0 g per 1 l of SС-CO2) In experiments with jida flowers, the maximum amount of solid extractable substance (2% by weight of the raw material) was obtained at a temperature in the extractor of 308 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa. Upon extraction under critical conditions in collection 2, the liquid phase was absent; only a yellow-green paste was released in it. According to the results of experiments with mint leaves, the maximum yield of a greenish liquid was observed at T = 315 K and P = 4 MPa., Mulberry - at T = 306 K and P = 6.0 MPa. The results of the extraction of oils and extracts from ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberries and jida flowers confirm that the maximum yield of the extracted substance is achieved with supercritical CO2 parameters in the extractor (310 K, 7.5 MPa). When liquid CO2 is extracted (300 K and 6-8 MPa), up to 2% of a yellow substance is extracted, which does not differ in appearance from a supercritical extract.

Study of an Appropriate Suberinic Acids Binder for Manufacturing of Plywood

2019 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Aigars Paze ◽  
Janis Rizhikovs
Keyword(s):  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Epoxy Groups ◽  
Level 2

In the study, birch outer bark`s suberinic acids (SA), appropriate for binding the plywood, obtained in a water medium and precipitated in two acidification stages under various medium pH levels, were characterized, which could become a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to toxic, formaldehyde-containing plywood binders. In the process of obtaining SA, it was found that all SA of the first acidification stage filtrated successfully. With increasing the pH level of precipitation from 2 to 6, the yield of SA decreased from 35.6 to 18.8 wt% from oven dry (o.d.) extracted birch outer bark or 69.5-36.6 wt% from total o.d. raw material SA. Meanwhile, only one sample of SA from the second acidification stage with the initial pH level 6 filtrated successfully, reaching the yield of 4.4 wt% from total o.d. raw material SA. The SA obtained in the first acidification stage at the pH level 2 contained a lower amount of epoxy groups – 1.7 wt% from o.d. SA, but at the same time, the highest acid value – 84.4 mg KOH/g. In turn, increasing the pH level to 6, the amount of epoxy groups increased gradually up to 19.9 wt% from o.d. SA, and the acid value of SA decreased to 67.4 mg KOH/g. The acid value of SA from the second acidification stage was 133.0 mg KOH/g, but epoxy groups in the composition were not observed.

Application of Process Control in Production of Biocellulose: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 960-963
Author(s):  
Norliza Abd Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Atif Azhari Mohd Azmi ◽  
Mohd Izzuddin Ahmad Zainuri ◽  
Stephina Lupang Laing ◽  
Norasila Kasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Plant Capacity ◽  
Simple Carbohydrate

This paper describes a design of industrial modelling process of bacterial cellulose production. The main factors for the economic unfeasibility of this production are raw material price, plant capacity and capital cost. The purpose of this modelling is developing, studying, and evaluating process control technology in order to achieve low-cost preparation and high biocellulose (BC) production in industrial scale. In this model, glucose, a simple carbohydrate has been chosen as the carbon source. The aerobic fermentation ofAcetobacterxylinumis regulated at particular temperature and pH to ensure maximum yield production. This fermentation process involves six stages that are sterilization, inoculation, fermentation, treatment, waste removal and drying/freezing. Nineteen streams will control and monitor the whole processes. The waste will undergo treatment in NaOH tank followed by sedimentation tank and filtration process for removal. Meanwhile, the BC is purified through drying and freezing process to preserve the product from contamination. This design shows that modelling is a powerful methodology for predicting and prioritizing methods of re‐engineering an industrial process in order to achieve greater performance.

Optimization of the Components of Medium Producing Dextran from Immobilized Cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Qing Song Zou ◽  
Yuan Yuan Pu ◽  
Shan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Original Medium ◽  
Predicted Model ◽  
Central Composite

The cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were immobilized for dextran producing and response surface methodology based on experimental designs were applied to optimize the medium for maximum yield. Eight different medium components were examined for their significance on dextran production using Plackett-Burman factorial design. Na2HPO4, CaCl2and sodium citrate were found to have significant effect on dextran production. The combined effect of these nutrients on dextran production was studied using central composite design. The optimal concentration of variables for maximum dextran production were 0.245 g/100mL of Na2HPO4, 0.05 g/100mL of CaCl2, 0.2084 g/100mL of sodium citrate. The maximum concentration of dextran obtained at 24 h by predicted model was 1.88045 mg/mL that was in perfect agreement with the experimental determined value 1.85395 mg/mL. Dextran yield was over 376% higher as compared to original medium which gave 0.38956 mg/mL of dextran.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) DENGAN KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Iloan Pandang H M ◽  
Yos Pawer Ambarita ◽  
Seri Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
High Quality Product ◽  
Palm Frond

Palm frond is the solid waste which is high in cellulose. Further processing of palm frond is capable of producing high quality product such as oxalic acid. The aim of this research was to obtain the effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) concentration and reaction time on the yield of oxalic acid produced with palm frond as raw material. This study was done with two steps. The first step was the preparation of palm frond until it was ready to be used. The second step was the conversion step which consists of fusion, filtration and crystallization. Oxalic acid produced was then analyzed with quantitative analysis of yield percentage and qualitative analysis using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and plat melting point apparatus. The result showed that the maximum yield of oxalic acid was achieved at Ca(OH)2 concentration of 3.5 N and reaction time of 60 minutes, the value was 6.07 % based on weight of palm frond. The qualitative analysis showed that the vibration of functional groups had approached the standard oxalic acid with the melting point was 106.2 oC.

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