scholarly journals The Response of Pakistan to COVID-19 and Current Situation of Disease in the Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
Ibrar Khan ◽  
Aneela Rehman ◽  
Azam Hayyat ◽  
Mujaddad Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Health Advisory ◽  
First Case ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Background: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) out break was reported for the first time in China and then quickly spread to other countries. In Pakistan, the first case appeared in Sindh province on February 26, 2020, and within a few weeks, more than 100 cases were reported across the country. Currently, all provinces and territories of the country are affected and cases are growing faster every day. Pakistan is among those countries that have problems with health and diagnostic facilities due to poor economic conditions. Objectives: The present study aims to highlight the emergence, spread and control of the disease in Pakistan. Furthermore, it also highlights the response of Pakistan in the management of COVID-19 outbreak, and the country’s contribution in the field of science and technology for the betterment of diagnostic and treatment capabilities against the disease. Methodology: Collection of data was done through national and international forums like Covid-WHO report and COVID-19 Health advisory platform by Ministry of National Health Services Regulation. Results: The important mean for prevention is the proper use of Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs). Quarantine and isolation centers help in limiting the spread of this deadly disease. Conclusion: It is concluded that no vaccine is available for the treatment of this emerging disease so far. The only prevention is to properly and strictly follow the SOPs guidelines.

scholarly journals Gambaran Umum, Prevalensi, dan Pencegahan Antraks pada Manusia di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Ihda Zuyina Ratna Sari ◽  
Silvia Apriliana
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Health Official ◽  
The People ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Toxin Complex ◽  
Cutaneous Anthrax ◽  
And Control

Anthrax is a neglected zoonotic disease that remains a global issue because it can cause regular epidemics. Anthrax affects not only health systems but also social-economic conditions, safety, and welfare of the people. This paper aimed to give an overview of human anthrax, prevalence, and prevention in Indonesia. A literature search was performed using search engines such as Google Scholar, Crossref, Mendeley, PLoS One, Elsevier, dan the Ministry of Health official website. The literature used were published between 2015-2020. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis that affects animals and humans. The virulence factors of these bacteria are determined by the tripartite toxin complex and poly-γ-D-glutamic acid capsule. Anthrax in humans can be found in four forms, namely cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalational, and injection anthrax. Each form of anthrax can develop into meningitis and sepsis. Anthrax treatment is commonly done by administering antibiotics. In Indonesia, 14 provinces have been declared anthrax endemic areas. The prevalence of human anthrax in Indonesia is fluctuating and most of it is cutaneous anthrax. Prevention and control of anthrax can be done mainly by vaccination, obeying the rules or standard operating procedures of the authorities, multisectoral cooperation, strengthening anthrax surveillance, increasing resources for diagnosis, increasing public knowledge, and awareness.

scholarly journals MEMBANGUN MODEL IDEAL PENGAWASAN NOTARIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Yulies Tiena Masriani Haryati Siti Mariyam
Keyword(s):  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Good System ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
And Control

Profession of notary is concerned with technical issues to implement their legal profession proportionally. The notary often fails to competently perform his or her duties as known “malpractice”. Of course, this threatens professional dignity and infringes code of ethic and law. Therefore, the supervision of notary should administer and control the standard operating procedure stipulated in Act of Notary in order to protect the dignity of profession. This article gives a concept to build the supervision effectively in a good system as evaluation to serve the society as good as possible by the notaryProfesi notaris secara langsung terkait dengan isu-isu teknik untuk mengimplementasikan profesi hukumnya secara proporsional. Notaris sering gagal untuk melaksanakan tugasnya dikenal sebagai “malpraktik”. Tentunya, hal ini mengancam kehormatan profesi dan melanggar Kode Etik dan Hukum. Oleh sebab itu, pengawasan notaris seharusnya mengatur dan mengontrol standarisasi prosedur pelaksanaan ditetapkan oleh Undang-Undang Notaris untuk melindungi kehormatan profesi. Tulisan ini memberikan suatu konsep untuk membangun pengawasan secara efektif dalam suatu sistem yang baik sebagai evaluasi untuk melayani masyarakat oleh notaris sebaik mungkin

scholarly journals Pakistan specific COVID-19 overview and recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Ome Kalsoom Afridi ◽  
Johar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alternative Plan ◽  
First Case ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All

Soon after its emergence in Wuhan, China in late December, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly to the other parts of the world and acquired a pandemic status. Pakistan reported its first case of SARS-CoV-2 on February 26, 2020, in Karachi. Since then, a higher prevalence of COVID-19 was reported from almost all major cities of Pakistan. Owing to the high rate of COVID-19, Pakistan enforced a lockdown across the whole country on March 24, 2020. This lockdown controlled the SARS-CoV-2 successfully; however, severe economic losses were observed in the lockdown Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) guidelines. We, therefore, proposed an alternative plan termed as “regulated reverse lockdown” which will help decrease the burden of COVID-19 without having a negative effect on the economy. The present editorial will address the potential flaws in the already imposed lockdown and will propose an alternative plan to make the lockdown more effective in terms of COVID-19 prevalence and economic growth of Pakistan.

scholarly journals SIX LECTURES ON THE PREVENTION OF ENCEPHALITIS EPIDEMICS IN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-110
Author(s):  
Lev Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Extensive Effort ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

This review summarizes the work of large teams of researchers to prevent two separate encephalitis epidemics in Siberia. The first three lectures sum up an extensive effort to study and control the Tick-borne enceph-alitis (TBE) epidemic in the Kemerovo region of Western Siberia. The study has helped to create a mathematical model that details the TBE epidemic process and offers a quantitative approach to the development of strategies for preventing TBE epidemics. Ten-year effort to combat TBE in the Kemerovo region led to a significant and sustained reduction in TBE morbidity and mortality. Fifty years after completion of this work, the proposed strategy has not been tested in other endemic regions, although the incidence of TBE worldwide has almost doubled, taking hundreds of lives and causing disability in thousands. The second disease described here is Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VEM), first discovered 150 years ago in a small rural population of Eastern Siberia. The disease later spread to densely populated areas of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), reaching epidemic proportions. The three lectures on VEM provide an overview of multi-year studies on clinical presentation, neuropathology, pathogenesis, etiology, and epidemiology of VEM. We report here for the first time how a prolonged hospitalization of VEM patients during the acute and subacute phases of the disease prevent-ed transmission to susceptible individuals in their families and communities, which has helped to put an end to the further spread of this deadly disease. VEM is a new example of a local disease that has spread to a large territory and could potentially invade other countries if left unchecked. This review is based on a series of lectures delivered to different audiences at different times. The purpose of combining discrete topics in a single review is to emphasize approaches to solving problems, to illustrate the main results of the fight against Siberian epidemics and, when possible, reflect on the individual contribution of each researcher.

scholarly journals Impact of Sample Type and DNA Isolation Procedure on Genomic Inference of Microbiome Composition

mSystems ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berith E. Knudsen ◽  
Lasse Bergmark ◽  
Patrick Munk ◽  
Oksana Lukjancenko ◽  
Anders Priemé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Sequencing-based analyses of microbiomes may lead to a breakthrough in our understanding of the microbial worlds associated with humans, animals, and the environment. Such insight could further the development of innovative ecosystem management approaches for the protection of our natural resources and the design of more effective and sustainable solutions to prevent and control infectious diseases. Genome sequence information is an organism (pathogen)-independent language that can be used across sectors, space, and time. Harmonized standards, protocols, and workflows for sample processing and analysis can facilitate the generation of such actionable information. In this study, we assessed several procedures for the isolation of DNA for next-generation sequencing. Our study highlights several important aspects to consider in the design and conduct of sequence-based analysis of microbiomes. We provide a standard operating procedure for the isolation of DNA from a range of biological specimens particularly relevant in clinical diagnostics and epidemiology. Explorations of complex microbiomes using genomics greatly enhance our understanding about their diversity, biogeography, and function. The isolation of DNA from microbiome specimens is a key prerequisite for such examinations, but challenges remain in obtaining sufficient DNA quantities required for certain sequencing approaches, achieving accurate genomic inference of microbiome composition, and facilitating comparability of findings across specimen types and sequencing projects. These aspects are particularly relevant for the genomics-based global surveillance of infectious agents and antimicrobial resistance from different reservoirs. Here, we compare in a stepwise approach a total of eight commercially available DNA extraction kits and 16 procedures based on these for three specimen types (human feces, pig feces, and hospital sewage). We assess DNA extraction using spike-in controls and different types of beads for bead beating, facilitating cell lysis. We evaluate DNA concentration, purity, and stability and microbial community composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for selected samples using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Our results suggest that inferred community composition was dependent on inherent specimen properties as well as DNA extraction method. We further show that bead beating or enzymatic treatment can increase the extraction of DNA from Gram-positive bacteria. Final DNA quantities could be increased by isolating DNA from a larger volume of cell lysate than that in standard protocols. Based on this insight, we designed an improved DNA isolation procedure optimized for microbiome genomics that can be used for the three examined specimen types and potentially also for other biological specimens. A standard operating procedure is available from https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3475406 . IMPORTANCE Sequencing-based analyses of microbiomes may lead to a breakthrough in our understanding of the microbial worlds associated with humans, animals, and the environment. Such insight could further the development of innovative ecosystem management approaches for the protection of our natural resources and the design of more effective and sustainable solutions to prevent and control infectious diseases. Genome sequence information is an organism (pathogen)-independent language that can be used across sectors, space, and time. Harmonized standards, protocols, and workflows for sample processing and analysis can facilitate the generation of such actionable information. In this study, we assessed several procedures for the isolation of DNA for next-generation sequencing. Our study highlights several important aspects to consider in the design and conduct of sequence-based analysis of microbiomes. We provide a standard operating procedure for the isolation of DNA from a range of biological specimens particularly relevant in clinical diagnostics and epidemiology.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN GUDANG MATERIAL PENUNJANG DI PT XYZ

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Benedictus Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Management System ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
And Control

Studi ini membahas tentang pembuatan sistem dan standar untuk mengontrol sistem gudang  agar memudahkan pencarian material dan pengontrolan gudang. Gudang material penuh dan susahnya pencarian material dikarenakan tidak adanya prosedur yang mengatur bagaimana seharusnya gudang tersebut beroperasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengamatan langsung di lapangan serta tanya jawab terhadap pihak-pihak yang berhubungan dengan gudang material. Hasil dari pengamatan kemudian disusun menjadi sistem manajemen baru dalam bentuk Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), aturan-aturan, serta tata letak material baru. Berdasarkan SOP yang ada kemudian dibuatlah kartu stok dan table material induk sebagai alat controling pada gudang. Controling dilakukan dengan tujuan agar gudang berjalan sesuai SOP yang ada dan tidak kembali pada permasalahan yang lama. AbstractThis study has been done to create a system and standard to control the warehouse system for ease finding tools and control the warehouse. The warehouse is full and finding tools is hard because there is no regulation to control how the warehouse should be running. This project uses direct observation in the field and Q&A against the department which have relation with supporting tools warehouse. The results of the observations then organized into a new management system in form of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), rules, and new layout for tools. Based on existing SOP, stock card and parent material table is made as for controlling tool for the warehouse. Controlling is done with the aim that the warehouse goes according to SOP and did not return to the old problems.

“KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF STANDARD OPERATINGPROCEDURE ON INFECTION PREVENTION ANDCONTROLOF COVID-19 AMONG ICU NURSES OF KAMRUP (M) ASSAM; A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY”

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Jecinta Thabah ◽  
Unmona Borgohain Saikia ◽  
Reshma Begum
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
And Control

According to WHO the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) that was rst reported from Wuhan , China, on 31st Dec 2019. As we are aware , Covid- 19 is widely spreading across the country rising beyond 4000 positive cases in a day of the rst wave. In India according to R. Gangakhedar , the head of the epidemiology division at ICMR, said at the press conference on April 20th , 2020 of 80 out of 100 conrmed COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic. It is the responsibility of the staff to ensure that they constantly maintain a high standard of infection control practice. SOP in infection control means the standard infection control precautions must be used by all nurses , in all care settings, at all time, for all patients whether infection is known to be present or not but to ensure the safety of those of being cared for , as well as the staffs and the visitors. OBJECTIVE1. To assess the knowledge of SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID- 19 among nurses . 2. To evaluate the practice of SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID-19 among nurses. 3. To nd the correlation between the knowledge and practice of SOP on infection prevention and control among nurses . 4. To nd out the association between the knowledge and practice with selected demographic variables ( age, qualication, gender, education, experience, type of ICU, training attended ) among nurses. METHODS AND MATERIALS- the research approach adopted for the study was quantitative approach. A descriptive research design was used in this study to accomplish the objectives using non-probability purposive sampling technique for obtaining adequate sample for the study. Study was undertaken on 60 ICU nurses in selected hospitals of Kamrup (M) Assam. Participants were selected on the basis of those who fullled the inclusion criteria. The tool used for the study was structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, and observation checklist was used to evaluate the practice of SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID-19 D RESULTS- ata analysis was done by calculating mean, standard deviation and chi square. In knowledge, the study revealed that out of 60 respondents , majority 38 (63 %) had moderately adequate knowledge, 14(23%) had inadequate knowledge and 8(14%) had adequate knowledge of Standard Operating Procedure on infection prevention and control of COVID-19. In practice , the study revealed that out of 60 respondents , majority 51(85%) had moderately adequate practice and 9 (15%) had adequate practice of Standard Operating Procedure on infection prevention and control of COVID-19.The corelationship between knowledge and practice were 0.331 which was moderately positive correlation. There was signicant association of knowledge with total years of working experience among nurses working in CTVS, ICCU and post-COVID- 19 ICU and none of the demographic variables had shown statistically signicant association with level of practice of Standard Operating Procedure on infection prevention and control of COVID-19 among nurses . - After analyzing the collected data CONCLUSION .This study gives the area to improve in knowledge of the nurses and practice of ICU nurses regarding SOP on infection prevention and control of COVID-19. Therefore, continual education to the nurses does go long way in increasing their knowledge and practice to prevent infection which can help in controlling the rate of Hospital acquired infections .

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Wahyu Wahyu Wahyu ◽  
Marliyati Marliyati Marliyati ◽  
I. Nyoman Romangsi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Control Environment ◽  
Service Company ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Information And Communication

The aim of this article is to analyze internal control in service company. The analyze used the components of internal control according to COSO: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, monitoring. Analysis of internal control used the data obtained through observation, questionnaires, interview, and documentary. Based on this analysis results can be concluded, that the dual positions refer with company SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). Separation of task does not work because that the dual positions. Therefore, the component of control activities applied at company is not in accordance with the component of control activities according to COSO. Nonconformity components still results in very effective internal control because the purpose of the internal control still remains to be achieved even though there are components that are not in accordance with the internal control components according to COSO.

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