scholarly journals SIX LECTURES ON THE PREVENTION OF ENCEPHALITIS EPIDEMICS IN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-110
Author(s):  
Lev Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Extensive Effort ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

This review summarizes the work of large teams of researchers to prevent two separate encephalitis epidemics in Siberia. The first three lectures sum up an extensive effort to study and control the Tick-borne enceph-alitis (TBE) epidemic in the Kemerovo region of Western Siberia. The study has helped to create a mathematical model that details the TBE epidemic process and offers a quantitative approach to the development of strategies for preventing TBE epidemics. Ten-year effort to combat TBE in the Kemerovo region led to a significant and sustained reduction in TBE morbidity and mortality. Fifty years after completion of this work, the proposed strategy has not been tested in other endemic regions, although the incidence of TBE worldwide has almost doubled, taking hundreds of lives and causing disability in thousands. The second disease described here is Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VEM), first discovered 150 years ago in a small rural population of Eastern Siberia. The disease later spread to densely populated areas of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), reaching epidemic proportions. The three lectures on VEM provide an overview of multi-year studies on clinical presentation, neuropathology, pathogenesis, etiology, and epidemiology of VEM. We report here for the first time how a prolonged hospitalization of VEM patients during the acute and subacute phases of the disease prevent-ed transmission to susceptible individuals in their families and communities, which has helped to put an end to the further spread of this deadly disease. VEM is a new example of a local disease that has spread to a large territory and could potentially invade other countries if left unchecked. This review is based on a series of lectures delivered to different audiences at different times. The purpose of combining discrete topics in a single review is to emphasize approaches to solving problems, to illustrate the main results of the fight against Siberian epidemics and, when possible, reflect on the individual contribution of each researcher.

The Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-229
Author(s):  
Dominic Scott
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Individual Justice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter presents a reading of Plato’s Republic. The Republic is among Plato’s most complex works. From its title, the first-time reader will expect a dialogue about political theory, yet the work starts from the perspective of the individual, coming to focus on the question of how, if at all, justice contributes to an agent’s happiness. Only after this question has been fully set out does the work evolve into an investigation of politics—of the ideal state and of the institutions that sustain it, especially those having to do with education. But the interest in individual justice and happiness is never left behind. Rather, the work weaves in and out of the two perspectives, individual and political, right through to its conclusion. All this may leave one wondering about the unity of the work. The chapter shows that, despite the enormous range of topics discussed, the Republic fits together as a coherent whole.

scholarly journals Ebola in Africa - Discoveries in the past decade

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Past ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Within the past decade, Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) has been recognised for the first time in four countries. Our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical aspects, laboratory diagnosis and control measures for EHF has improved considerably as a result of the outbreaks in these countries and the re-emergence that has occurred in another. The coordinated international responses to several of the large EHF outbreaks serve as models for controlling epidemics of other communicable diseases. This report is a chronological overview of the EHF outbreaks in Africa during the past decade, including the recent epidemics in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, and highlights new discoveries and some of the remaining challenges.

Foreign photographers in Siberia: photography as a mean of dehumanization

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Evgeniy P. Ekimov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

This cultural research is the analysis of the foreign photographers’ activities in Siberia from the second half of the 19th century to the present time. We consider the issue of dehumanization of Russian society and culture by means of foreign photography. On the basis of real photographs published on the Internet, the author compiled a list of all Western photographers who visited Siberia and proved their destructive and countercultural, political, and non-artistic goals aimed at weakening the Russian state and Russian people dehumanization; we confirmed it by the final relevant foreign publications. Some research materials are documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and are the first time in scientific discourse. Until now, researchers consid-ered the activities of foreign photographers in Eastern Siberia mainly in the specialty of history, exclusively as a source base positively. The novelty of this cultural research lies in the fact that foreign photography of Eastern Siberia is considered from the perspective of the tasks set for for-eign photographers by their foreign customers, as well as from aesthetic and artistic positions. Thus, we prove the negative nature of the foreign photographers’ activities in Eastern Siberia.

scholarly journals The Response of Pakistan to COVID-19 and Current Situation of Disease in the Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
Ibrar Khan ◽  
Aneela Rehman ◽  
Azam Hayyat ◽  
Mujaddad Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Health Advisory ◽  
First Case ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Background: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) out break was reported for the first time in China and then quickly spread to other countries. In Pakistan, the first case appeared in Sindh province on February 26, 2020, and within a few weeks, more than 100 cases were reported across the country. Currently, all provinces and territories of the country are affected and cases are growing faster every day. Pakistan is among those countries that have problems with health and diagnostic facilities due to poor economic conditions. Objectives: The present study aims to highlight the emergence, spread and control of the disease in Pakistan. Furthermore, it also highlights the response of Pakistan in the management of COVID-19 outbreak, and the country’s contribution in the field of science and technology for the betterment of diagnostic and treatment capabilities against the disease. Methodology: Collection of data was done through national and international forums like Covid-WHO report and COVID-19 Health advisory platform by Ministry of National Health Services Regulation. Results: The important mean for prevention is the proper use of Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs). Quarantine and isolation centers help in limiting the spread of this deadly disease. Conclusion: It is concluded that no vaccine is available for the treatment of this emerging disease so far. The only prevention is to properly and strictly follow the SOPs guidelines.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Principles of Sustainable Development in the Baikal Region: Historical, Cultural and Educational Aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
I. G. Aktamov ◽  
B. Z. Banzarakzaev ◽  
N. Zh. Dagbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Civic Consciousness ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

The issue of the implementation of certain aspects of the concept of sustainable development as a new civilizational paradigm in the conditions of the Baikal region is considered. The authors consider the experience of implementing the principles of sustainable development in the Baikal region, taking into account the socio-ecological, cultural and educational factors. The relevance of the study lies in the need to develop a new technology that can reduce the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of the lake itself and the coastal area. According to the authors, the most effective technology is the implementation of the principles of “education for sustainable development” (ESD). The solution to its problems is revealed through the educational efforts of teachers to preserve the ethnic culture of indigenous peoples, through the development of civic consciousness and patriotism of students, through the development of the intercultural competence of the individual. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the team of authors was one of the founders of education for sustainable development in the Republic of Buryatia, the creation of an international network of eco-oriented schools, the implementation of ESD courses at the university, practical environmental protection in the form of various grants and international collaboration for more than 25 years within the framework of a public organization. For the first time the historical periodization of the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the Baikal region is presented in the article.

Regionální komory veřejného auditu (RIO) jako orgány dohledu a kontroly... nad finančním hospodařením územní samosprávy v Polsku

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Luiza Budner-Iwanicka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the supervisory and control activities over municipal financial management performed in Poland by regional chambers of audit. Established under the Act of October 7, 1992 on regional chambers of audit, institutions for supervision and control of financial management of local government units started their activity 2.5 years after the restitution of local government in Poland, which was one of the main pillars of the political changes that took place after 1989. Characteristics of the individual competences of regional accounting chambers in relation to supervision over the activities of local government consisting in assessing the legality of legal acts taken by local government units in financial matters, implementing control of their financial management, issuing opinions aimed at assessing the legal and economic effects of financial decisions made by These units, while supporting local government by organizing training courses and conducting ongoing training and informational activities, leads to the conclusion that these institutions are in a special place in the structure of public institutions in Poland.The activity of regional accounting chambers serves the implementation of the principle of restraint and precision of control and supervisory influence in relation to financial management by local government, which, in connection with the principle of subsidiarity, is part of the systemic idea expressed in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland - the idea of real independence of local government in the limits of a decentralized,but uniform state system.

THE LITERARY LANDSCAPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA IN N. A. LUKHMANOVA’S “ESSAYS FROM THE LIFE IN SIBERIA”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
Alyona I. Pershina ◽  
Elena N. Ertner
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The subject of this article is the literary landscape of Western Siberia, which was represented in “Essays from life in Siberia” (1895) by Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lukhmanova. The relevance of this research is determined by the increased importance of studying “local” texts of Russian culture, including the need for a more detailed study of the phenomenon of Siberia. The mythopoetics of landscape in N. Lukhmanova’s “Essays” is considered in the context of prose of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries (G. Uspensky, K. Nosilov). The literary context of the study of “Siberian” texts for the first time includes the stories by S. I. Kartsevsky. The geographical imagery of Western Siberia is reconstructed in the texts under consideration from the point of view of philological analysis, which allows determining the features of representation of the Place in the creative thinking of a particular writer and identifying the individual author’s view of the depicted locus. “Essays from life in Siberia” by N. Lukhmanova reflect different points of view on the landscape of the Siberian city. Geographical remoteness, climatic conditions, and the closed way of life of old believers form the image of a fortress city, “the country behind the Stone”. The reflected provincial way of life of the city is destroyed on the pages of “Essays” with the arrival of merchant children who were educated in the capital, the growth of industry, the laying of the railway. Siberia in the minds of newcomers appears “a remote, lost place”, while in the perception of Siberians it is the “native land”, “Paradise”. N. Lukhmanova’s “Essays” reflect the “double mythologem” of Western Siberia: it is “alien”, closed space and at the same time “one’s own”, “reserved”, and “secret”.

scholarly journals New data on the fauna of Heteroceridae (Coleoptera) of the Republic of Khakassia (Eastern Siberia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Sazhnev ◽  
Sergey V. Dragan
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Light Bulb ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Papanin Institute

The recent status of the family Heteroceridae in Siberia is discussed and the main references are given. From ten species of the Heteroceridae, which have been reported for the fauna of Siberia, only one species Heterocerus parallelus Gebler, 1830 was previously recorded in southern Khakassia. Here we presented six species from two genera of the family Heteroceridae (Coleoptera), which we collected in the Republic of Khakassia (Eastern Siberia, Russia). We recorded five species (Augyles interspidulus (Charpentier, 1979), Heterocerus fenestratus (Thunberg, 1784), H. fossor Kiesenwetter, 1843, H. fusculus Kiesenwetter, 1843, and H. obsoletus Curtis, 1828) in Khakassia for the first time. We collected the material in Abakan River valley (Abakan city) using an ultraviolet lamps in 2018–2019. We used BLB-T5/4W Ultraviolet Black Light Bulb with 2–3 hours of exposure from May 27 to October 13, 2018 and FLU10 T8 G13/18W with 2–13 hours of exposure from March 31 to October 10, 2019. Second author collected the majority of examined specimens; all specimens are deposited in collection of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Platón, las pasiones y la crítica del populismo = Plato, passions and criticism of the populism

ΠΗΓΗ/FONS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Álvaro Pablo Vallejo Campos
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Ideal

Resumen: La tesis principal de este artículo es que la trascendencia política de las pasiones determina en Platón sus planteamientos éticos y políticos. La primera vez que se ocupa de ellas más sistemáticamente, como ocurre en el Gorgias, aparecen directamente involucradas en la crítica del imperialismo y de los procedimientos retóricos propios de la democracia ateniense, y su tratamiento debe ser uno de los ingredientes esenciales de la política concebida como un arte. Pero en la República el estado ideal surge de una reflexión sobre la necesidad de realizar una purgación de las pasiones en la ciudad lujosa y afiebrada que se trata de reformar. La importancia de la cuestión se deriva del hecho de que una teoría de la justicia en el individuo y en el estado consiste, en definitiva, en formular un ideal normativo de las relaciones que deben establecerse entre la razón y las pasiones del alma. A consecuencia de ello, las formas degeneradas del estado ideal pueden interpretarse como una secuencia en sentido creciente de la ilegítima irrupción de las pasiones en la sociedad enferma que se opone a aquel.Palabras clave: Platón, pasiones, política, retórica, estado ideal, justicia, populismo.Abstract: The main thesis of this paper is that the political transcendence of passions determines Plato’s ethical and political points of view. The first time that he deals systematically with passions, as occurs in the Gorgias, they are directly implicated in the critic of imperialism and the rhetorical procedures of Athenian democracy. They are also an essential part of politics conceived as an art. In the Republic , the ideal city emerges as the necessity of practicing a purge of passions in the luxuriant or feverish city that has to be purged. The importance of this issue derives from the fact that the theory of justice in the individual and the city consists of a normative ideal on the relations that have to be established between passions and reason. As a consequence, the sequence of the degenerated forms of the ideal state can be interpreted as an increasing model of the illegitimate irruption of passions in the ill society opposed to it.Keywords: Plato, passions, politics, rhetoric, ideal state, justice, populism.

scholarly journals The Effects of Controlled Tempo Manipulations on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 205920431985828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Bretherton ◽  
Jim Deuchars ◽  
W. Luke Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Control Rhythm ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Response Direction

Music has been associated with alterations in autonomic function. Tempo, the speed of music, is one of many musical parameters that may drive autonomic modulation. However, direct measures of sympathetic nervous system activity and control groups and/or control stimuli do not feature in prior work. This article therefore reports an investigation into the autonomic effects of increases and decreases in tempo. Fifty-eight healthy participants (age range: 22–80 years) were randomly allocated to either an experimental ( n = 29, tune) or control (rhythm of the same tune) group. All participants underwent five conditions: baseline, stable tempo (tune/rhythm repeatedly played at 120 bpm), tempo increase (tune/rhythm played at 60 bpm, 90 bpm, 120 bpm, 150 bpm, 180 bpm), tempo decrease (tune/rhythm played at 180 bpm, 150 bpm, 120 bpm, 90 bpm, 60 bpm) and recovery. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity were continuously recorded. The 60 bpm in the tempo decrease stimulus was associated with increases in measures of parasympathetic activity. The 180 bpm in the tempo increase stimulus was also associated with shifts towards parasympathetic predominance. Responses to the stimuli were predicted by baseline %LF. It is concluded that the individual tempi impacted upon autonomic function, despite the entire stimulus having little effect. The 60 bpm in an increasingly slower stimulus was associated with greater vagal modulations of heart rate than faster tempi. For the first time, this study shows that response direction and magnitude to tempo manipulations were predicted by resting values, suggesting that music responders may be autonomically distinct from non-responders.

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