scholarly journals Comparison of Kidney-Ureter-Bladder Radiography with Computed Tomography Scout Film for the Diagnosis of Renal Calculi Taking Axial Computed Tomography as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naila Iftikhar ◽  
Sultan Ayaz ◽  
Sarah Maryam ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Mehreen Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plain Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Field Unit

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a widespread disease with an incidence of 17-13 in North American, 5-9% in Europe, and 1-5% in the Asian continent. Plain abdominal radiography is used to visualize renal stones, but the cysteine stones are often poorly visible, uric acid and mixed stones are not visible at all. The second diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of renal calculus is computed tomography. The CT scout film is often overlooked and did not use for the diagnostic purpose. Objective: To compare Kidney-ureter-bladder radiography with computed tomography scout film for the diagnosis of renal calculi taking axial computed tomography as a   gold standard. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study design conducted on 57 patients presenting with acute flank pain in Faisal Hospital Faisalabad. Patients having ages between 18-60 were included in the study. Pregnant patients and patients with lndinavir therapy were excluded from the study. Results: The sensitivity recorded for CT scout film was 66.7% and for the plain abdominal radiography was 80.7%. The calculus carrying Hounse field unit less than 200 HU were not visualized on both the modalities x-ray and plain abdominal radiography. However, the calculus greater than 5mm in size has a sensitivity of 73% on CT scout film. Conclusion: The sensitivity recorded for CT scout film was 66.7% and for the plain abdominal radiography was 80.7%. The calculus carrying Hounse field unit less than 200 HU were not visualized on both the modalities x-ray and plain abdominal radiography. However, the calculus greater than 5mm in size has a sensitivity of 73% on CT scout film.

Non-invasive investigation of the cross-sectional solids distribution in CFB risers by X-ray computed tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Hensler ◽  
Markus Firsching ◽  
Juan Sebastian Gomez Bonilla ◽  
Thorsten Wörlein ◽  
Norman Uhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Cross

Diagnostic Accuracy of HRCT Chest in Detection of Covid-19 Infection Taking PCR as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679-1681
Author(s):  
Afaque Ali ◽  
Majid Shaikh ◽  
Ahsanullah . ◽  
Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Abid Ali Sahito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Department

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest in detection of covid-19 infection taking PCR as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Radiology department of Tabba Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From March 2019 to September 2020 Material and Methods: All the clinically suspected patients of covid-19, of any age, both genders and those referred to radiology for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest to detect the covid-19 infection were included. After two days, patients’ PCR reports were collected from the ward, after taking informed consent and permission from head of department. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT was established with respect to sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and specificity by taking PCR as gold standard. All the information was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 70 patients suspected for COVID-19 were studied, and the patients’ mean age was 58.23±9.52 years. Males were in majority 54(77.1%). As per HRCT findings, COVID-19 infection was positive in 46 patients, however, 48 patients were detected positive for COVID-19 infection as per PCR findings. In the detection of COVID-19 infection, HRCT chest showed sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83%, NPV of 84% and diagnostic accuracy of 94%; by taking PCR as gold standard. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable diagnostic approach in promptly detecting the COVID-19; with 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 83% positive predictive value, 84% negative predictive value and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Accuracy, HRCT, COVID-19

scholarly journals Computed Tomography- and Radiography-Based Morphometric Analysis of the Lateral Mass of the Subaxial Cervical Spine in the Indian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Nirmal D Patil ◽  
Sudhir K Srivastava ◽  
Sunil Bhosale ◽  
Shaligram Purohit
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Lateral Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽  
Screw Length

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>This was a double-blinded cross-sectional study, which obtained no financial support for the research.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To obtain a detailed morphometry of the lateral mass of the subaxial cervical spine.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>The literature offers little data on the dimensions of the lateral mass of the subaxial cervical spine.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We assessed axial, sagittal, and coronal computed tomography (CT) cuts and anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the lateral mass of the subaxial cervical spine of 104 patients (2,080 lateral masses) who presented to a tertiary care public hospital (King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai) in a metropolitan city in India.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>For a majority of the parameters, males and females significantly differed at all levels (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05). Females consistently required higher (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05) minimum lateral angulation and lateral angulation. While the minimum lateral angulation followed the order of C5&lt;C4&lt;C6&lt;C3, the lateral angulation followed the order of C3&lt;C5&lt;C4&lt;C6. The lateral mass becomes longer and narrower from C3 to C7. In axial cuts, the dimensions increased from C3 to C6. The sagittal cut thickness and diagonal length increased and the sagittal cut height decreased from C3 to C7. The sagittal cut height was consistently lower in the Indian population at all levels, especially at the C7 level, as compared with the Western population, thereby questioning the acceptance of a 3.5-mm lateral mass screw. A good correlation exists between X-ray- and CT-based assessments of the lateral mass.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Larger lateral angulation is required for Indian patients, especially females. The screw length can be effectively calculated by analyzing the lateral X-ray. A CT scan should be reserved for specific indications, and a caution must be exercised while inserting C7 lateral mass screws.</p></sec>

scholarly journals 3D Nondestructive Visualization and Evaluation of TRISO Particles Distribution in HTGR Fuel Pebbles Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongyi Yu ◽  
Yi Du ◽  
Xincheng Xiang ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Ziqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Production Quality Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
Triso Particles

A nonuniform distribution of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles within a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) pebble may lead to excessive thermal gradients and nonuniform thermal expansion during operation. If the particles are closely clustered, local hotspots may form, leading to excessive stresses on particle layers and an increased probability of particle failure. Although X-ray digital radiography (DR) is currently used to evaluate the TRISO distributions in pebbles, X-ray DR projection images are two-dimensional in nature, which would potentially miss some details for 3D evaluation. This paper proposes a method of 3D visualization and evaluation of the TRISO distribution in HTGR pebbles using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): first, a pebble is scanned on our high-resolution CBCT, and 2D cross-sectional images are reconstructed; secondly, all cross-sectional images are restructured to form the 3D model of the pebble; then, volume rendering is applied to segment and display the TRISO particles in 3D for visualization and distribution evaluation. For method validation, several pebbles were scanned and the 3D distributions of the TRISO particles within the pebbles were produced. Experiment results show that the proposed method provides more 3D than DR, which will facilitate pebble fabrication research and production quality control.

X-Ray Microfocus Radioscopy and Computed Tomography for Failure Analysis

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Bossi ◽  
D.A. Cross ◽  
R.A. Mickelsen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technical Accuracy ◽  
Conventional Film

Abstract X-ray microfocus radioscopy and computed tomography (CT) offer detailed information on the internal assembly and material condition of objects under failure analysis investigation. Using advanced systems for the acquisition of radioscopic and CT images, failure analysis investigations are improved in technical accuracy at a reduced schedule and cost over alternative approaches. A versatile microfocus radioscopic system with CT capability has been successfully implemented as a standard tool in the Boeing Defense & Space Group Failure Analysis Laboratory. Using this tool, studies of electronic, electromechanical and composite material items have been performed. Such a system can pay for itself within two years through higher productivity of the laboratory, increased laboratory value to the company and resolution of critical problems whose worth far exceeds the value of the equipment. The microfocus X-ray source provides projection magnification images that exceed the sensitivity to fine detail that can be obtained with conventional film radiography. Radioscopy, which provides real-time images on a video monitor, allows objects to be readily manipulated and oriented for optimum x-ray evaluation, or monitored during dynamic processes to check performance. Combined with an accurate manipulating stage and data acquisition system x-ray measurements can be used for CT image reconstruction. The CT image provides a cross sectional view of the interior of an object without the interference of superposition of features found in conventional radiography. Accurate dimensional measurements and material constituent identification are possible from the CT images. By taking multiple, contiguous CT slices entire three dimensional data files can be generated of objects.

Determining the Accuracy of the Mandibular Canal Region in 3D Biomodels Fabricated from CBCT Scanned Data: A Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Yusoff Alzawawi Syed Abd Fattah ◽  
Firdaus Hariri ◽  
Phrabhakaran Nambiar ◽  
Zulkiflee Abu Bakar ◽  
Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

Objective:To validate the accuracy of the mandibular canal region in 3D biomodel produced by using data obtained from Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) of cadaveric mandibles.Methods:Six hemi-mandible samples were scanned using the i-CAT CBCT system. The scanned data was transferred to the OsiriX software for measurement protocol and subsequently into Mimics software to fabricate customized cutting jigs and 3D biomodels based on rapid prototyping technology. The hemi-mandibles were segmented into 5 dentoalveolar blocks using the customized jigs. Digital calliper was used to measure six distances surrounding the mandibular canal on each section. The same distances were measured on the corresponding cross-sectional OsiriX images and the 3D biomodels of each dentoalveolar block.Results:Statistically no significant difference was found when measurements from OsiriX images and 3D biomodels were compared to the “gold standard” -direct digital calliper measurement of the cadaveric dentoalveolar blocks. Moreover, the mean value difference of the various measurements between the different study components was also minimal.Conclusion:Various distances surrounding the mandibular canal from 3D biomodels produced from the CBCT scanned data was similar to that of direct digital calliper measurements of the cadaveric specimens.

The Predictive Role of Abdominal Fat Parameters and Stone Density on SWL Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Coskun Kaya ◽  
Yurdaer Kaynak ◽  
Aral Karabag ◽  
Aykut Aykaç
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Stone Density

Background: Our aim was to detect the role of radiological abdominal fat parameters by tomography and stone density by plain X-ray on extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL) stone-free rate. Methods: The patients who had undergone SWL for a single opaque renal stone < 2 cm in diameter and proximal ureteric stone < 1 cm in diameter were collected retrospectively. The characteristics of patients and stones were recorded. The stone attitude, HU, abdominal fat parameters, paraperirenal fat area, perirenal infiltration and severity of hydronephrosis with pre-treatment Non- Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) and stone density with radiography were evaluated by a radiologist. Four weeks after the last SWL; all patients were evaluated by plain X-ray and categorized as Stone Free (SF) and Residual Fragment (RF) group. Results: 51 patients with renal stones and 88 patients with proximal ureteral stones were included in the study. 24 (47%) and 63 (71%) patients were classified as SFfor renal and ureteral stones respectively. Only stone size was an independent predictor for stone-free rates after SWL for renal and proximal ureteral stones on multivariate analysis. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for renal calculi revealed that creatinine level, stone size, stone attitude, Houns-Field Unit (HU) and Skin-to-Stone Distance (SSD) were the predictive factors for the SWL outcome (p< 0.05). The ROC curve for ureteral calculi demonstrated that HU, stone size and attitude were the predictive factors (p< 0.05). Conclusion: All abdominal fat parameters and the stone density were not related to SWL failure. A large follow-up with more patients is essential to confirm the role of radiological parameters on the outcome of SWL.

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