scholarly journals The quality of competition law institutions and enforcement (Some comparative empirical evidence from BRICS and other countries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Bageri ◽  
Yannis Katsoulacos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

Empirical work on the influence of competition policy relies on the construction of indicators for measuring certain attributes of the relevant laws and institutions that can be hypothesized to influence the “quality” of these laws and institutions and hence their effect on competition and economic performance. This paper contributes to the methodological literature on indicators of the quality of Competition Law Institutions & Enforcement (CLI&E) and to the empirical literature relating to the measurement of these indicators in different countries. It presents the results of a recent empirical study, which objective has been to measure indicators of the quality of CLI&E, using data collected through a Questionnaire based survey of competition authorities in a large number of countries and data available from international organisations for these countries. The measurement of the indicators relies on a new methodology that focuses on the factors influencing the extent to which CLI&E improves competition and so enhances economic performance. The overall conclusion is that the three BRICS countries included in our survey (Brazil, Russia and South Africa) are coming closer to the advanced jurisdictions in terms of the specific features of the countries’ institutional and legislative set-up relating to CLI&E but still lag far behind in terms of the general conditions (economic, political, institutional, and socio-cultural) influencing the intensity of competition in a country.

Subjective cognitive impairment and quality of life: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki L. Hill ◽  
Caroline McDermott ◽  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Elizabeth Munoz ◽  
Nicole DePasquale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Impairment

ABSTRACTBackground:Older adults with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) experience increased affective symptoms, reduced engagement in a range of activities, as well as more functional problems when compared to those without SCI. These associations suggest that SCI may be detrimental to older adults’ quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this paper is to advance understanding of the SCI–QoL relationship through a comprehensive review of the empirical literature relating SCI and QoL.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted in CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Eligible articles were appraised using the weight of evidence (WoE) framework to evaluate methodological quality, methodological relevance, and topic relevance. A narrative synthesis of results was conducted, based on conceptual definitions of QoL.Results:Eleven articles were identified that met eligibility criteria. WoE ratings ranged from low to high scores. Studies reviewed reported that the presence, greater frequency, or greater severity of SCI is associated with lower QoL regardless of methodological quality rating, sample characteristics (e.g. geographic location, clinical vs. community settings), study design (e.g. cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), and operationalization of SCI or QoL.Conclusion:Across studies, QoL was negatively associated with SCI. However, a frequent limitation of the reviewed literature was the mismatch between the conceptual and operational definitions of SCI and QoL. Similarly, SCI measures varied in quality across the reviewed literature. This suggests future empirical work should focus on the appropriate strategies for conceptually and operationally defining these constructs.

scholarly journals The Underlying Indicators of Good Governance in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Phuong Dinh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Near Future

The concept of "Good governance" was brought to the world in the 1990s in the context of increasing globalization and expanding democratization worldwide. It can be seen that the common factors needed to implement good governance include: (i) Capacity of the state - the degree of problem-solving by governments and leaders religion; (ii) Responsiveness - whether public policies and institutions meet the needs of citizens and uphold their rights; (iii) Accountability - the ability of citizens, civil society and the private sector to monitor the responsibilities of public and governmental institutions. In Vietnam, from the first decade of the twenty-first century, efforts have been made to set up indicators and measure the effectiveness of the public authority aligning to the principles of "good governance". Using data from the four sets of indicators in Vietnam namely PAR, SIPAS, PCI, and PAPI, this article reviews the process of developing the good governance’s indicators, compares the areas where each set of indicators measures and assesses the effectiveness, analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each set of indicators, and reviews some local government efforts in using the measurement and evaluation results of the four sets of indicators to improve the quality of governance in their respective localities. The article also asserts that these four sets of indicators reflect a large part of the content to be measured according to the principle of "good governance", and presents some recommendations to improve the four sets of indicators themselves to better reflect the principles of "Good governance" in the near future.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Quality of Business English Teaching Using Multimedia Data Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yanyan Xin
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Business English ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up

Data continually act as a substantial role in business and industry for its daily activities to smoothly functional. The data volume is growing with the passage of time and rising of information technology. Using data mining techniques for quality evaluation and business English teaching is essential in the modern world. These technologies are introduced in the classroom, especially in online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze the quality of business English teaching, this paper uses multimedia and data mining technologies. Initially, the multimedia data are collected during classes, and the association rule recommendation algorithm using data mining is applied. Based on collaborative filtering algorithms in association rules, indicators for teaching quality evaluation in colleges and universities are set up. Next, the actual teaching data of a university is used. Taking business English as an example, the algorithm that has been built is tested. The application of the algorithm is tested, and the teaching process of College Business English is evaluated. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that data mining technology can describe the behavior of teaching well and evaluate it, and it has the potential of popularization.

scholarly journals Variables selection for quality of life evaluation in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Zuzana Pacáková
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
Different Levels

In 2008 Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress introduced eight dimensions characterizing the economic performance as well as social well-being without proposing concrete list of variables. The aim of the article is therefore to propose a set of indicators for overall quality of life evaluation in the European Union in accordance to the dimensions introduced by the Commission. Part of the main objective is to propose a methodological tool for selection of indicators reflecting the needs of evaluating quality of life in the European Union. At the beginning a set of 114 variables was completed as a result of the findings listed by the Commission and based on empirical literature. The primary data set was reduced in two consecutive steps. The first step aims to reduce the correlation among the variables. As a result of the second steps, variables reflecting the different levels among consistent groups of states were selected. Therefore, the methodical approach in the second step was based on nonparametric procedures (tests) used to identify variables that are of significantly different levels in clusters identified by cluster analysis. As a result set of 52 variables for quality of life evaluation drawn from 4 different data sources was introduced.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mood in Older People

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Yates
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Ageing Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has received increasing attention since the early 1990s. However, considerable controversy exists over exactly how the concept of MCI is defined and measured, and the implications of assigning or receiving a diagnosis of MCI. There is evidence of a link between MCI and mood, but empirical work remains conflicted and inconclusive. The first chapter provides an overview of the MCI concept and highlights some of the issues surrounding its definition. Chapter 2 provides a detailed description of the methodology and background to the empirical work presented in Chapters 4-6. A systematic review of the literature forms the third chapter of this thesis and establishes the need for further study into the relationship between MCI and mood. Chapter 4 makes use of data from the first Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC-CFAS I) to investigate the role of subjective memory complaints (SMC) in the relationship between MCI and mood over a two year period. The results indicated that SMC may be related more strongly to mood than to objective cognitive performance, which raises questions about whether SMC should be included as a criterion in the MCI definition. Chapter 5 clarifies these findings using data from a contemporary cohort in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study Wales (CFAS Wales). Chapter 6 investigates the role of health in the relationship between MCI and mood, again using data from CFAS Wales. The findings suggest that health problems constitute a risk factor for developing depression and anxiety, which may in turn affect cognitive functioning. This presents a useful opportunity for intervention to improve the quality of life for older people by improving their physical health, or improving the management of long-term conditions. Social networks were investigated as an influential factor in the relationship between MCI and mood, using data from CFAS Wales. Whilst increases in social network size were associated with fewer mood problems and increased cognitive functioning, they did not moderate the relationship between the two. However, this finding still showed that having more social contacts is beneficial and important to the quality of life of older people. The last chapter presents a discussion of the findings in relation to each of the research questions outlined in Chapter 1. The chapter also includes a commentary on the methodological considerations that were faced when developing this thesis, the implications of the findings and directions for future research.

Modernization of Antimonopoly Policy in Russia (Economic Analysis of Proposed Changes in the Competition Law)

2005 ◽  
pp. 100-116
Author(s):  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
A. Shastitko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Rule Of Reason ◽  
Per Se

The article is devoted to the analysis of the draft law "On Protection of Competition", which must substitute the laws "On Competition and Limitation of Monopolistic Activity on Commodity Markets" and "On Protection of Competition on the Financial Services Market". The innovations enhancing the quality of Russian competition law and new norms providing at least ambiguous effects on antimonopoly regulation are considered. The first group of positive measures includes unification of competition norms for commodity and financial markets, changes of criteria and the scale of control of economic concentrations, specification of conditions, where norms are applied "per se" and according to the "rule of reason", introduction of rules that can prevent the restriction of competition by the executive power. The interpretation of the "collective dominance" concept and certain rules devoted to antimonopoly control of state aid are in the second group of questionable steps.

Effect of networks on product innovation: empirical evidence from Indonesian SMEs

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Indarti ◽  
Theo Postma
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Depth Of Knowledge ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Software Firms ◽  
Using Data

Innovative companies generally establish linkages with other actors and access external knowledge in order to benefit from the dynamic effects of interactive processes. Using data from 198 furniture and software firms in Indonesia, this study shows that the quality of interaction (i.e. multiplexity) as indicated by the depth of knowledge absorbed from various external parties and intensity of interaction (i.e., tie intensity) are better predictors of product innovation than the diversity of interaction.

STUDY OF INACCURACY IN THE OPERATION OF THE MAIN CONTROLLER OF STB MACHINE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
Transmission Gear ◽  
Selection Of

At production of fabrics, including fabrics for agricultural purpose, an important role is played by the cor-rect adjustment of operation of machine main regulator. The quality of setup of machine main controller is determined by the proper selection of rotation angle of warp beam weaving per one filling thread. In the pro-cess of using the regulator as a result of mistakes in adjustment, wear of transmission gear and backlashes in connections of details there are random changes in threads length. The purpose of the article is the research of property of random errors of basis giving by STB machine regulator. Mistakes can be both negative, and positive. In case of emergence only negative or only positive mistakes operation of the machine becomes im-possible as there will be a consecutive accumulation of mistakes. As a result of experimental data processing for stable process of weaving and the invariable diameter of basis threads winding of threads it is revealed that the random error of giving is set up as linear function of the accidental length having normal distribution. Measurements of accidental deviations in giving of a basis by the main regulator allowed to construct a curve of normal distribution of its actual length for one pass of weft thread. The presented curve of distribution of random errors in giving of a basis is the displaced curve of normal distribution of the accidental sizes. Also we define the density of probability of normal distribution of basis giving errors connected with a margin er-ror operation of the main regulator knowing of which allows to plan ways of their decrease that is important for improvement of quality of the produced fabrics.

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