scholarly journals SIKAP MEMBERI PERSEMBAHAN MENURUT INJIL MARKUS 12:41-44

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
David Susilo Pranoto
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of Mark ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Temple

This paper is titled" Attitude to Give Offerings According to the Gospel of Mark 12: 41-44 ". Mark's Gospel was written by Mark himself and this Gospel of Mark is the earliest Gospel written, which is between 65 and 70 AD before the Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed and Mark's Gospel is also the shortest of the four Gospels. This book was shown to the Jews to introduce Christ as a servant. Specifically the Gospel of Mark 12: 41-44 tells how Jesus showed His disciples the attitude of the rich and the widows of the poor in giving offerings. This shows that Jesus wanted to tell everyone and specifically to the students how the right attitude in giving offerings. The text Jesus shows about the attitude of the rich and poor widows in making offerings in the Temple. In addition, in the context of the Gospel of Mark 12: 41-44, Jesus showed His disciples the right attitude in offering. Jesus' purpose here is to direct the attention of His disciples to the poor widow. The poor widow gives more offerings than the offerings of rich people, because she gives from her shortcomings while rich people give from abundance. So through this article we can open the understanding of believers to have the right attitude to offer.

The Distribution Mechanism of Subsidized Liquid Petroleum Gas in Sajad District West Kalimantan: An Investigation Based on Islamic Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zarul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Official Price ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
Initial Survey

This research is based on an initial survey of the distribution of subsidized 3-kg LPG which I think is not right on target because it is full of fraudulent practices. In distributing LPG, it was found that many rich people still buy subsidized 3-kg LPG. In fact, according to government regulations, 3-kg LPG is intended for the poor economic community or small business owners. The problem that is the focus of this research is how the mechanism for distributing 3-kg LPG is in Sajad Regency, and how is the law on selling 3-kg LPG for the rich when viewed according to Islamic law. To answer these questions, data collection techniques were carried out through observation and interviews. The results of this study are 1) the distribution of 3-kg LPG is not in accordance with government regulations, namely the distribution of LPG prioritizes people who can afford it above the official price, while the poor can only get a small part of the official government price/national subsidy price, so there are more stock for sale at more expensive than the official price. 2) If viewed from Islamic law, the distribution of 3-kg LPG is not in accordance with the sharia business method because it is carried out by ignoring government regulations, namely traders are considered to have broken an agreement with the government regarding price determination. In addition, this buying and selling practice also lacks supervision, no sanctions and no law enforcement to maintain subsidy prices so that many sellers dare to violate contracts with the government and violate government regulations.

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1048-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nakamura ◽  
Yoshihiko Seoka
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Initial Ratio ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Persistent Poverty

This paper considers differential fertility and analyzes how the fertility of people caught in poverty disturbs their escape from poverty. For escape from poverty, it is necessary that the average human capital stock exceed certain thresholds before the ratio of the number of poor to rich people increases more rapidly than the human capital level of rich people. Thus, the escape depends on a race between the accumulation of human capital by the rich and the accumulation of children by the poor. A high initial ratio of the number of poor to rich people would imply persistent poverty.

The Implication of Multinational Corporations in Poverty Eradication in Cameroon

2016 ◽  
pp. 1490-1514
Author(s):  
Kingsly Awang Ollong
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social

This paper explores business strategies and policies put in place by multinational corporations to alleviate poverty in Africa with specific examples from Cameroon. The world's population is rapidly increasing and the rich people are getting richer, whereas the poor people are becoming even more marginalized. During the era of economic liberalization the belief was that the opening up of economies to multinational corporations could lead to economic growth and, subsequently, economic development. The activities of multinational corporations have witnessed a tremendous boom since the advent of the twenty first century, that is characterized with advances in information communication technology, and the flow of capital have been the main proxy for MNC activity. MNCs are mainly motivated by opportunities that increase their profits, and the most important factors for MNCs are market size and access to resources. Nevertheless, as markets are getting saturated and MNCs are looking for new opportunities, innovative business strategies have been developed to provide dividends to their shareholders while making sure the stakeholders and communities in which they operate also benefit. This paper explores some business models that MNCs have used to make their products available, affordable and accepted in poor markets that are mostly found in Africa on the one hand and corporate social responsibility initiatives implemented by MNCs to alleviate poverty in the continent on the other. The paper concludes that though the principal goal of MNCs is profit maximization, corporations are making an effort to see that the poor benefit from the activities of these giant companies. To get to this conclusion the paper relied on both primary sources and the exploitation of the already existing literature in books and journals. Given that the sector of activities of MNCs is vast, the paper laid emphasis on fast moving consumer goods companies (FMCGs) in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Emerging complexity in children's conceptualization of the wealthy and the poor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Developmental Shift ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich

Past work suggests that children have an overly rosy view of rich people that stays consistent across childhood. However, adults do not show explicit pro-rich biases and even hold negative stereotypes against the rich (e.g., thinking that rich people are cold and greedy). When does this developmental shift occur, and when do children develop more complex and differentiated understandings of the wealthy and the poor? The current work documents the developmental trajectory of 4- to 12-year-old primarily American middle-class children’s conceptualizations of the wealthy and the poor (total N = 164). We find: 1) age-related decreases in pro-rich preferences and stereotypes relative to the poor; 2) domain-sensitive stereotypes across prosociality, talent, and effort; 3) resource-specific behavioral expectations such that with age children increasingly expect the wealthy to contribute more material resources but not more time than the poor; 4) an increasing recognition of the unfairness of the wealth gap between the wealthy and the poor; and 5) a developing understanding of the link between wealth and power. In sum, this work illuminates the emergence of more complex understandings of wealth, poverty, and inequality.

scholarly journals Zakat of livestock in the book industry and the abscess writing Qudaamah Ben Jaafar

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Dr. Hamid Abdul-Sahib Khalif
Keyword(s):  
Book Industry ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prophetic Tradition ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ibn Hazm

Zakat is imposed on Muslims, one of the show the pros of Islam, to the large benefits as achieved by payment need the poor, and install the bonds of affection between the rich and the poor because the souls naturally inclined to love the best of it, and cleanse the soul and sponsorship and dimension by creating stinginess and miserliness, and other numerous benefits.                                                                                     Zakat and the right of God Almighty may not be favoritism by those who do not deserve the motive for the dissemination of this research is to advise and recalled the obligation of zakat, which is tolerated by many Muslims did not cast them out on the face of the project with the bone will  Qudaamah Ben Jaafar started talking about Zakat directly, did not witness the obligatory verse in the Quran or the Prophetic tradition, probably came from the Zakat one pillars of Islam and it is obligatory it has become obvious to every Muslim can not be denied, it shows us Qudamah conditions zakat camels, but he began to direct to mention a quorum, if it reached the quorum, it is evident that the zakat camels through what was said Qudamah it is not sex, as in every five camels sheep until it reaches twenty-four and then be zakaah of her sex, and supported by both the Abu Hanif and that the amount of zakat camels and Malik Shafi'i and Imam Ahmad, Ibn Hazm, though the front violated it and saw that in the twenty-five camels five Xiah.                                 

The Implication of Multinational Corporations in Poverty Eradication in Cameroon

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsly Awang Ollong
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social

This paper explores business strategies and policies put in place by multinational corporations to alleviate poverty in Africa with specific examples from Cameroon. The world's population is rapidly increasing and the rich people are getting richer, whereas the poor people are becoming even more marginalized. During the era of economic liberalization the belief was that the opening up of economies to multinational corporations could lead to economic growth and, subsequently, economic development. The activities of multinational corporations have witnessed a tremendous boom since the advent of the twenty first century, that is characterized with advances in information communication technology, and the flow of capital have been the main proxy for MNC activity. MNCs are mainly motivated by opportunities that increase their profits, and the most important factors for MNCs are market size and access to resources. Nevertheless, as markets are getting saturated and MNCs are looking for new opportunities, innovative business strategies have been developed to provide dividends to their shareholders while making sure the stakeholders and communities in which they operate also benefit. This paper explores some business models that MNCs have used to make their products available, affordable and accepted in poor markets that are mostly found in Africa on the one hand and corporate social responsibility initiatives implemented by MNCs to alleviate poverty in the continent on the other. The paper concludes that though the principal goal of MNCs is profit maximization, corporations are making an effort to see that the poor benefit from the activities of these giant companies. To get to this conclusion the paper relied on both primary sources and the exploitation of the already existing literature in books and journals. Given that the sector of activities of MNCs is vast, the paper laid emphasis on fast moving consumer goods companies (FMCGs) in Cameroon.

scholarly journals PASUGIHAN ORANG BANJAR: Studi Identifikasi Prilaku dan Amaliah Pasugihan Orang Banjar di Kalsel

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Abdul Sani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right

‘Pasugihan’ of Banjar people (getting wealth by unusual ways) intended in this paper is three prototypes. First, the wealthy Banjar people (wealth and money). But, they get it through the ‘left-way’, which maintains genies (genie mating), spirits (tuyul), stealth swine (Babi ngepet), usues Kuyang oil, and etc. Second, they take the wealth through the ‘right-way’, which gets the wealth by doing Islamic ritual, such as fasting and reading sura Waqiah, doing Dhuha prayer, reading sura Alfatihah, even combining with Lailatul Qadr. This group also includes its own myth in society’s view of Banjar people. Third, the rich people who gets the wealth mythology irrational and rational. Most of this paper is the result of qualitative research methodology by relying interview techniques.

scholarly journals Conspicuous Compassion and Taxation: A Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Mudaser Ahad Bhat ◽  
Binish Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Benefit Principle ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
Taxation Principle ◽  
Government Benefits ◽  
Distribution Of Income

In modern public-finance literature, many canons or principles have been followed for tax policies, ‘ability principle’ (Pigou, 1933), ‘benefit principle’ (Lindahl as cited by Roberts, J, 1989). Under the benefit theory, tax levels are automatically determined and therefore self-loaded, because taxpayers pay proportionately for the government benefits they receive. In other words, the individuals who benefit the most from public services pay most of the taxes (Lindahl model,). The present paper highlights that conspicuous compassion and taxation go hand in hand especially in case of rich people but not in case of poor people and as result in modern societies tax levels are not self-loaded, a claim made by benefit principle. Along with proportionate benefit principle ‘conspicuous compassion in favour of rich people’ is also in operation in most countries of the world. This paper argues that under proportionate benefit principle with conspicuous compassion in favour of rich, the rich people are gainers as compared to the poor people. Under this principle with compassion in favour of rich, benefits of rich outweigh their costs because rich sections of the society are usually provided with large invisible services by the government such as large tax incentives and rebates. On the other hand, the costs of poor people usually outweigh their benefits because poor sections of the society are usually provided with low or no invisible services, although, they are provided with large visible benefits. But these visible benefits provided to the poor people by the government get distributed among vast section of the population.In this process, the societies end with a highly inequitable distribution of income and a paradox emerges which may rightly called as paradox of evasion-to-evasion. To improve income distribution and to control evasion-to-evasion paradox, the present study advices governments to implement progressive taxation with conspicuous compassion in favour of poor and downtrodden sections of the society. By doing this, those who will benefit more (i.e. poor) will have to pay less taxes as it ensures that large invisible services are to be provided to the poor as compared to the rich and hence the principle can be called as proportionate principle with compassion or simply conspicuous compassion taxation principle.

scholarly journals Jerome and Augustine on wealth and poverty in Psalms 107–150

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Allen ◽  
Jacobus P. K. Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
Enarrationes In Psalmos ◽  
The Devil ◽  
The Church

The purpose of this article was to compare Jerome’s and Augustine’s sermons on the fifth book of the Psalms with regard to their views on the rich and the poor. After a brief consideration of the different audiences of Jerome and Augustine, we focused on their attitudes to wealth and poverty, and almsgiving and its relationship to eschatology. In both Jerome’s and Augustine’s commentaries we were confronted with problems regarding the nature of the collections, the composition of the audiences, and a lack of overlap between the two works, but it was possible to discern congruences and differences in their exegesis. In their preaching on poverty and riches, both homilists associated Judas with the devil and wealth. With regard to the identification of Christ and the poor, Jerome offers a somewhat uneasy exegesis in explaining that Christ stands at the right hand of the pauper, although the Lord himself is rich. Augustine mentioned the identification of Christ and the poor a few times in Enarrationes in Psalmos and framed the poverty of Christ within the body of the church, emphasising the common humanity of his congregation. In his sermons, mainly delivered to monks, Jerome advocated total renunciation. Augustine made more allowances for human frailty, advocating partial and gradual dispossession. The Songs of Ascent provided both our authors with the opportunity to consider the place of almsgiving in an eschatological context.Contribution: We investigate the views of two prominent Latin fathers on wealth and poverty in their sermons on Psalms 109–150. The focus on wealth and poverty is evident. Judas is identified with the rich and Christ with the poor, placing Christ and riches against each other in an either/or position.

scholarly journals Democracy or Oligarchy? Unequal Representation of Income Groups in European Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Lefkofridi ◽  
Nathalie Giger
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
The Political ◽  
Member States ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Poor ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

In this study we examine the representation of income groups in two EU-level institutions, the Council and the European Parliament. We find that the political positions of these institutions, and especially of the Council, are always on the right compared to European citizens, though closer to the wealthy among them. However, a more systematic analysis of congruence between different income groups and the Council reveals that while the poor are systematically underrepresented, the rich are not systematically over-represented. This holds both when we examine the poor and the rich across the EU as a whole and when we cluster them according to their respective member states.

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