THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE SLOVAK SMEs FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE PERIOD OF QUALITATIVE ECONOMIC CHANGES

2020 ◽  
Vol Vol. 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Katarina Haviernikova ◽  
Janka Betakova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Wide Range

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developed countries represent an important part of their economic environment. They belong to accelerators of economic development in regions and countries. One of the specifications of SMEs is that they allow people to learn to use their own entrepreneurial skills. Thus, the success of SMEs depends on the skills of the person who is responsible for business management in the enterprise. Without skilled and competent managers no activity will be performed effectively. The development and changes in the economic environment, in which SMEs operate, cause the various reversals connected with uncertainty and the resulting risks. A competent person (owner/manager) in SME will need to anticipate these risks and develop appropriate mitigation and strategies for them. The owner/manager of SME should consider the fact, that there could be deviations in the realization process against the planned goal. This deviation presents the risk and the representative of SME should know, how it is possible to manage this risk. It means to reduce its negative impact. The lack of knowledge is a fundamental problem in the failure of most initiatives in the SMEs and the lack of experience can become a major risk to business survival. The goal of owners/managers in SMEs should be to reduce the possible errors and risks in that way that the SME gets into a situation in which it can anticipate changes, and it is able to respond to them and exploit them to their advantage. Each SME is unique and the risk may occur differently in comparison with other SMEs. Risk management and mitigation of risk are important to ensure the security of the company and its continuous development. The risk management in SMEs is perceived as a means of the improvement of SMEs’ success in their activities, due to the fact, that in most cases the unpredictable situations represent a serious loss-making exposure for the SMEs business sector which leads to the loss. For those SMEs whose capital base is insufficient, they can have catastrophic consequences in the case of realized activities, and they can lead to financial losses and subsequently to possible bankruptcy. For this reason, risk management is a prerequisite for minimization of the negative effects of unexpected situations. Still, a lot of SMEs rarely carry out process-related activities risk management. It is affected by limited resources (financial, human), which SMEs have, and which process risk management. There is a wide range of studies focused on risk management in SMEs, but only several of them are focused currently on the responsibility for risk management. This paper contributes to the dissemination of knowledge about the responsibility for risk management in SMEs and provides wider analysis in ways of responsibility for it. To reach the main of the paper, questionnaire surveys among 1018 Slovak SMEs were conducted. We compared the responsibility for risk management in SMEs between two groups of SMEs – technological and tourism from the point of view of sized category, and regional of SMEs. For the evaluation of differences and dependencies among three groups of respondents’ answers, according to their size category, economic branch in which they operate, and regional location, the Chi-square test was used. The associations among respondents’ answers were evaluated through Cramer’s V. The results showed the differences in responsibility for risk management among Slovak SMEs. The results of this study may provide implications for subsequent research focused on responsibility for risk management in the wider context.

scholarly journals Development of Integrated Reporting in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Rymkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Of Reports ◽  
Financial Disclosures ◽  
Social Environmental

Organizational reporting is the most important tool of communication between an enterpriseand its stakeholders. However, it is not a static tool but continues to develop and adapt to ongoingeconomic and social changes. Formerly covering only financial information; currently, it is supplementedby a wide range of non-financial information relating to all aspects of the business. The evolution ofreporting is particularly fostered by the rapid development of the concepts of corporate socialresponsibility and sustainable development, as well as the progressing changes in the information needsof stakeholders. Enterprises are increasingly publishing voluntary reports concerning the social,environmental, and employment aspects of their business in addition to reports required by law. Thisresults in the multiplication of reports and duplication of content, which has a negative impact on thereports' usefulness. The solution to this problem may be integrated reporting, which integrates andinterconnects financial and non-financial disclosures. A milestone for the development of integratedreporting was the elaboration of integrated reporting guidelines by the International Integrated ReportingCouncil (IIRC) in December 2013. The aim of the paper is to present the development of integratedreporting in Poland in 2014-2020 on the example of public companies listed on the Warsaw StockExchange. The quality of reports was assessed from the point of view of compliance with IIRC guidelines,as well as their usefulness for stakeholders. Content analysis of corporate publications and comparativeanalysis was used for this purpose.

scholarly journals Towards a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment strategy for eutrophication abatement

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Neverova-Dziopak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Eutrophication is one of the consequences of the negative anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems. It leads to the degradation of both sweet and marine ecosystems, constituting a kind of secondary pollution of waters, which disturbs all types of their use. Undertakings related to preventing the negative effects of eutrophication are mainly conducted towards reducing the loads of nutrients introduced into surface waters and controlling the entire conditions in aquatic ecosystems in order to limit the development of aquatic vegetation. The increasingly restrictive legal requirement regarding the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater discharged into recipients enforces the application of expensive treatment technologies, and the public is becoming more aware of the rising costs of water and wastewater fees. In addition, wastewater treatment is a factor which has a negative impact on air quality due to greenhouse gas emissions and generates other environmental problems. The challenge for facilities, however, is determining which treatment alternatives will best meet their needs, both technically and financially, and to choose the most sustainable path. The problem of establishing a reasonable level of nutrient removal from wastewater, justified from an ecological and economic point of view is discussed in the paper.

The Impact of Corruption on Entrepreneurship

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gil Avnimelech ◽  
Yaron Zelekha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Impact

There is a consensus that corruption may result in high societal costs. A growing body of research reveals the negative effects of corruption on a variety of economic indicators. This chapter presents a literature review on the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship. It allows us to suggest that one of the transition channels through which corruption has impacted growth is entrepreneurship. The main channels in which corruption impacts entrepreneurship is through reduced incentives for entrepreneurial activity and reduced trust within the system. The authors present evidence that the negative impact of an incremental increase in the level of corruption on entrepreneurship is more harmful in developed countries than in developing countries. Thus, they stress the need for more research in this area with the aim of establishing appropriate frameworks for the fight of corruption in both developing and developed countries and suggest significant gains from anti-corruption efforts, especially in developed countries.

Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 354-369
Author(s):  
Farah Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
And Gender

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements ie SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.

Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 855-870
Author(s):  
Farah Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
And Gender

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements i.e. SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.

scholarly journals Study on the Influence of Tourism Activities on Nature Reserves in China and Its Countermeasures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Qi Ji
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Impact

China’s “industrial restructuring” has expanded the proportion of the tertiary industry in the economy and promoted the development of local tourism. The ongoing “industrial structure upgrading” is intended to make the industry bigger and stronger, which will promote the growth of local tourism. As a tourist resort, nature reserves have been attracting a large number of tourists and have great development potential and economic value. Under this situation, various management agencies of nature reserves have successively carried out tourism activities and carried out tourism development and construction. However, there is no doubt that both tourism activities and development will have an impact on the ecological system of nature reserves. The existing legal system of nature reserves in China emphasizes the prohibition of behaviors that directly destroy the ecological environment and ignores the impact of human tourism activities. The continuous increase in the number of tourism in our country, brought on nature reserves of rich tourist income at the same time, a large number of facts show that tourism has become a source of environmental pollution, so it is necessary for tourism environmental pollution the main way to do a summary and its particularity, summing up the basic law of tourism affect the environment, thus provide the basis for strengthening the environmental protection from the point of view of tourism management. The emergence and development of tourism culture is inseparable from the influence of the environment, and tourism culture also affects the environment. The negative effects and negative effects of tourism culture development on the environment are becoming more and more evident, which has aroused people’s general concern. In recent years, the negative impact of tourism and cultural activities on the environment has been paid much attention to by many scholars at home and abroad. This paper discusses the impact of tourism activities on nature reserves, and discusses the causes of this problem, so as to analyze the strategies to ensure the harmony and order of nature reserves in tourism activities.

scholarly journals Allergic rhinitis from the otorhinolaryngologist’s perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
J. M. Mustafaev
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Allergy Treatment ◽  
Rational Therapy

Allergic rhinitis remains one of the most pressing problems of modern otorhinolaryngology. Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa characterised by the following symptoms (one or more): stuffiness, rhinorrhoea, nasal itching, sneezing. In recent years the incidence of allergic rhinitis in the economically developed countries has been shown to be close to 40–50%. Allergic rhinitis is now characterised by an early onset, often continuously relapsing course and resistance to antiallergic therapy. Allergic rhinitis has a negative impact on a person’s social and daily activities, mental well-being and general health, regardless of age. Allergic rhinitis significantly reduces job performance, physical and mental activity, communication skills, causes snoring, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders and erectile dysfunction. Studying the mechanisms of the disease provides the basis for a rational therapy that addresses the complex inflammatory response rather than just the symptoms of allergy. Treatment is either in outpatient settings or inpatient – in specialised departments. A recent priority of pharmacotherapy is the use of intranasal corticosteroids, both as basic therapy for allergic rhinitis and as part of a combined regimen. The use of intranasal corticosteroids is considered to be the therapy of choice in allergic rhinitis. The paper demonstrates the efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroids for use in clinical practice. Intranasal corticosteroids have a wide range of reported indications, an extensive evidence base and can be recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. For best result intranasal corticosteroids should be used at first signs of allergic rhinitis onset.

Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 525-540
Author(s):  
Farah Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
And Gender

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements ie SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.

The Impact of Corruption on Entrepreneurship

2015 ◽  
pp. 282-294
Author(s):  
Gil Avnimelech ◽  
Yaron Zelekha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Impact

There is a consensus that corruption may result in high societal costs. A growing body of research reveals the negative effects of corruption on a variety of economic indicators. This chapter presents a literature review on the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship. It allows us to suggest that one of the transition channels through which corruption has impacted growth is entrepreneurship. The main channels in which corruption impacts entrepreneurship is through reduced incentives for entrepreneurial activity and reduced trust within the system. The authors present evidence that the negative impact of an incremental increase in the level of corruption on entrepreneurship is more harmful in developed countries than in developing countries. Thus, they stress the need for more research in this area with the aim of establishing appropriate frameworks for the fight of corruption in both developing and developed countries and suggest significant gains from anti-corruption efforts, especially in developed countries.

scholarly journals Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5302
Author(s):  
Samuel Abalansa ◽  
Badr El Mahrad ◽  
John Icely ◽  
Alice Newton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Impact

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly developing environmental problem particularly for the most developed countries. There are technological solutions for processing it, but these are costly, and the cheaper option for most developed countries has been to export most of the waste to less developed countries. There are various laws and policies for regulating the processing of e-waste at different governance scales such as the international Basel Convention, the regional Bamoko Convention, and various national laws. However, many of the regulations are not fully implemented and there is substantial financial pressure to maintain the jobs created for processing e-waste. Mexico, Brazil, Ghana Nigeria, India, and China have been selected for a more detailed study of the transboundary movements of e-waste. This includes a systematic review of existing literature, the application of the Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework for analysing complex problems associated with social ecological systems, and the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the environmental impact of electronic devices from their manufacture through to their final disposal. Japan, Italy, Switzerland, and Norway have been selected for the LCA to show how e-waste is diverted to developing countries, as there is not sufficient data available for the assessment from the selected developing countries. GOOD, BAD and UGLY outcomes have been identified from this study: the GOOD is the creation of jobs and the use of e-waste as a source of raw materials; the BAD is the exacerbation of the already poor environmental conditions in developing countries; the UGLY is the negative impact on the health of workers processing e-waste due to a wide range of toxic components in this waste. There are a number of management options that are available to reduce the impact of the BAD and the UGLY, such as adopting the concept of a circular economy, urban mining, reducing loopholes and improving existing policies and regulations, as well as reducing the disparity in income between the top and bottom of the management hierarchy for e-waste disposal. The overarching message is a request for developed countries to help developing countries in the fight against e-waste, rather than exporting their environmental problems to these poorer regions.

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