scholarly journals Relationship between Transport Infrastructure and Employment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Li ◽  
Gwang-Nam Rim ◽  
Chol-Ju An
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Graphic Description ◽  
Relevant Factors

Purpose: This paper discusses the impact of transport infrastructure on employment in the Chinese inland provinces directly affecting by the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Methods: The authors analyzed the impact of railways and highways- two key elements of transport infrastructure on employment in five Chinese inland provinces directly affected by the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. The data was collected from the National Bureau of Statistics of China and some databases related to “One Belt, One Road” for the period of 2008-2017. Descriptive statistics and graphic description approaches were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings show that there are unclear relationships between transport infrastructure and employment in the inland provinces under study as affected by “One Belt, One Road”.  Implications: Improvement of transport infrastructure as well as other relevant factors in creating jobs should be considered for generating employment in the provinces under study.

scholarly journals A Survey of Techniques for Constructing Chinese Knowledge Graphs and Their Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxing Wu ◽  
Guilin Qi ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Knowledge Representation And Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Development History ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Graphs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

With the continuous development of intelligent technologies, knowledge graph, the backbone of artificial intelligence, has attracted much attention from both academic and industrial communities due to its powerful capability of knowledge representation and reasoning. In recent years, knowledge graph has been widely applied in different kinds of applications, such as semantic search, question answering, knowledge management and so on. Techniques for building Chinese knowledge graphs are also developing rapidly and different Chinese knowledge graphs have been constructed to support various applications. Under the background of the “One Belt One Road (OBOR)” initiative, cooperating with the countries along OBOR on studying knowledge graph techniques and applications will greatly promote the development of artificial intelligence. At the same time, the accumulated experience of China in developing knowledge graphs is also a good reference to develop non-English knowledge graphs. In this paper, we aim to introduce the techniques of constructing Chinese knowledge graphs and their applications, as well as analyse the impact of knowledge graph on OBOR. We first describe the background of OBOR, and then introduce the concept and development history of knowledge graph and typical Chinese knowledge graphs. Afterwards, we present the details of techniques for constructing Chinese knowledge graphs, and demonstrate several applications of Chinese knowledge graphs. Finally, we list some examples to explain the potential impacts of knowledge graph on OBOR.

scholarly journals Is Transportation Infrastructure Important to the One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative? Empirical Evidence from the Selected Asian Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Jing Yii ◽  
Kai-Ying Bee ◽  
Wei-Yong Cheam ◽  
Yee-Lee Chong ◽  
Ching-Mei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative is implemented to improve the linkage between China and its neighboring countries in terms of economic ties, connectivity, partnership, and security cooperation. The crucial challenge encountered in OBOR initiative is the different gauge standards from different countries in the development of railway along the Silk Road. Another issue arose from the regulation of education sector in the aspect of quality, cost, and efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, there is still lack of study on the transportation infrastructure and education towards the GDP in the selected Asian countries, especially for Central Asia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of OBOR initiative and its importance towards economic growth by further investigating the determinants such as transportation infrastructure, education, labor, trade, and inflation rate. This study employs panel data analysis using the annual data from the period of 2000–2015. The selected Asian countries are divided into three regions, namely Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), ASEAN (Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia), and East Asia (China, Mongolia). Besides, we use fixed effect model (FEM) to obtain the results based on the support of Hausman test and Poolability F-test. The findings reveal that transportation infrastructure possess a positive effect on GDP. Surprisingly, education is negatively related to GDP. With this, policy makers are suggested to encourage OBOR countries to expand and upgrade their system in terms of transportation infrastructure, human capital, culture, and education. In future studies, the advanced model is recommended to investigate the pre- and post-efficiency of OBOR initiative.

scholarly journals KAZAKHSTAN-CHINESE RELATIONS AND CHALLENGE OF FOREIGN FORCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanat Kakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rich Country ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The One ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Impact

In 2013, China's Silk Road Initiative, the One Belt One Road project, was first mentioned in Kazakhstan and has been widely discussed by major countries and international organizations. Kazakhstan's participation in this project, a resource-rich country in Central Asia, has attracted world attention, and the impact of external forces on Central Asia will have its own impact on the implementation of this project. The interests of countries such as Russia and the United States in Central Asia and the views of international organizations are important factors in the implementation of this project. This article examines the relations between China and Kazakhstan in the framework of the "One Belt - One Road" initiative and the competition of external forces influencing it, their views on the project, their interests, the project and competing projects, and highlights important international organizations and agreements. and the toothed conclusion is pronounced.

Chinese cross-border M&As in the “One Belt One Road” countries: The impact of Confucius Institutes

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 101432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Cong Su ◽  
Fangfang Wang ◽  
Liangxiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Border ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Confucius Institutes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals CHINA − KAZAKHSTAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND ONE BELT ONE ROAD CONSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Gelvig Svetlana
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components

China and Kazakhstan are long-term partners, which economic relations have reached a new level of the strategic partnership. The “One Belt, One Road” initiative brings new opportunities and challenges for the development of bilateral economic interactions and for the entire Central Asia region. The author made an original analysis of the main components of economic cooperation between the two countries, including energy cooperation, current trade infrastructure and identifying the prospects for implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Based on the long-term relationship, strategic partnership and trade cooperation between China and Kazakhstan, construction and combining of the Chinese “One Belt One Road” initiative and Kazakhstan “Bright Road Plan” is the new era for China-Kazakhstan economic development. According to the current research, the construction of this infrastructure will have a direct impact on flows of foreign investments, production development and transport infrastructure. In addition, the construction of the “One Belt, One Road” plan has a great importance for promoting the development of Chinese-Kazakh economic relations and solving difficulties in economic exchanges.

scholarly journals The impact of mining enterprises on the development of transport infrastructure in remote areas (case study of the Todzhinsky Kozhuun of Tyva and the Okinsky District of Buryatia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022033
Author(s):  
M V Kuklina ◽  
N E Krasnoshtanova ◽  
A I Trufanov ◽  
V N Bogdanov ◽  
T Sh Rуgzуnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Original Field ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the complex of socio-economic and environmental problems, infrastructure provision is becoming a cornerstone. A feature of remote areas is the inconsistency in understanding the vital need for access to modern infrastructure (primarily, to transport opportunities) and the costs associated with this access. On the one hand, the transport infrastructure in the region contributes to the efficient use of the economic potential of the region. On the other hand, isolation from the outside world with restricting existing traffic flows and rejecting new transport projects may be the local population’s own choice. Industrial development is the main driving force in the development of the transport infrastructure of the territories. In this work, the following study areas were selected as model areas for the study of the mutual influence of mining enterprises and the development of transport infrastructure - Todzhinsky Kozhuun of the Republic of Tyva and Okinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia. Methods of comparative geographical and statistical analysis and data generalization, network and problem approaches, in-depth and group interviews of local residents were used. The results of the analysis of publicly available data on the development and maintenance of specific transport arteries and materials of original field studies are presented.

scholarly journals Measuring the Benefits of the “One Belt, One Road” Initiative for Manufacturing Industries in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianing Hou ◽  
Shih-Chih Chen ◽  
De Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
System Level ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

China has shifted its focus from export-led growth to technology-driven growth. The “One Belt, One Road” initiative (OBOR) is aimed at promoting economic integration with the rest of the world that might boost China’s ability to upgrade its manufacturers. We evaluate the impact of the OBOR initiative on the manufacturing industries of China. In other words, we examine whether the greater openness entailed by the initiative has been a catalyst for upgrading China’s export portfolio. We demonstrate that the proposition has been such a catalyst formally and adduce some empirical support for the proposition by using a panel of the top 80 exporting countries in the world during the period from 2002–2017 to evaluate the impact of the economic integration brought by the OBOR in terms of upgrades to Chinese manufacturers. Meanwhile, when domestic R&D generates knowledge spillover, the benefits of greater openness become partly indeterminate, thus counterfactual analysis was adopted to preclude potential endogeneity. By relating the values of exports at the two-digit harmonized system level to data on sectors to conduct integration within global production networks, we find that the greater openness brought by the OBOR initiative has actively increased manufacturing complexity and facilitated industrial upgrading in China.

scholarly journals How Do Cultural and Institutional Distance Affect China’s OFDI towards the OBOR Countries?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Zheqian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Institutional Distance ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract In order to examine the impact of cultural and institutional distance on China’s OFDI towards the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) area, the paper selects 28 countries along The Belt and Road. The empirical results using panel data from 2006-2014 indicate that institutional distance is negatively correlated with China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). At the same time, cultural distance interacts with bilateral trade, resulting in a “benefit of foreignness” effect.

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