The Twelfth Man? Some Unlikely Connections Between Manchester City and Revolutionary Cuba

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
PAR KUMARASWAMI
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Football Club ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Moral Force ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mass Participation ◽  
Manchester City

This essay takes two cultural phenomena that are not normally compared, UK football culture and Cuban literary culture, as the foundation for a reflection on the crucial role that mass participation plays in each. ‘The twelfth man’ - a term that usually refers to the home fans that impel a team to victory - is employed here as a metaphor to describe the cognitive, corporeal, affective and moral force of mass physical participation and its impact on the individual, the collective and the institution, be that a global football club or contemporary Cuban society. The essay advocates that paying attention to the dialogic and mutually constitutive relationship between individual, collective and institution, a relationship based simultaneously on identification and differentiation, is key to the harmonization of interests that can underpin the continued effectiveness of any cultural phenomenon, especially in times of rapid change.

Explaining Citizens’ Participation in a Transnational European Public Sphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Gerhards ◽  
Silke Hans
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Education Professional ◽  
European Public ◽  
Foreign Media ◽  
The Individual

Globalization and Europeanization processes have led to an increasing public sphere deficit. This deficit can be addressed by a transnationalization of the individual countries’ national public spheres. This requires a perception of discussions in other national public spheres, a condition which is met if citizens of a nation-state follow reporting of issues in other countries. Using Eurobarometer surveys, we examine the extent to which citizens of 27 European countries engage with foreign media and the factors that determine participation in a transnational public sphere. Only a small minority of EU citizens engage with foreign media, and there are considerable differences between countries and citizens. Using multilevel techniques we find that besides other factors education, professional status and multilingualism play a crucial role in explaining participation in a transnational public sphere, resources which are distributed very unevenly among citizens. Thus, participation in a transnational public sphere is an issue of social inequality.

Wissensteilung: Thünen- Vorlesung bei der Jahrestagung 2000 des Vereins für Socialpolitik, Berlin 20. September 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Helmstädter
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Implicit Knowledge ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Interactive Process ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Central Notion ◽  
Knowledge Problem ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFriedrich A. Hayek’s notion of division of knowledge arouses new interest in an economy for which knowledge represents the most important resource. Hayek’s problem was how to use the knowledge scattered in society efficiently. In Hayek’s solution the prices emerging by competition play the crucial role. They indicate to the individual agents what they can do expediently for their own advantage and also for society, even though they dispose only of limited (implicit) knowledge. But which conditions must be fulfilled in order that the agents are prepared to engage in an interactive process of division of knowledge? - New Institutional Economics does not yet answer this question. It is only interested in questions of interactions in view of a division of labor. Its central notion of transaction is not appropriate for the analysis of the interactive process of division of knowledge, where sharing of knowledge matters. The contribution of the article mainly consists in the attempt to provide a New Institutional Economics basis to the division of knowledge problem. ß

scholarly journals What happens when the nuclear power plant goes? Social and economic consequences of dismantling for the site and its population

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
Caroline Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. This project deals with the question of what the overall social and economic consequences of dismantling a nuclear power station are for the population and the site. Various disciplines and specialist fields are concerned with questions that touch on the topic of dismantling nuclear technical facilities; however, there are so far no research projects that examined these processes from social scientific, geographic and engineering scientific perspectives. This article concentrates predominantly on the former perspective of the dismantling. Within the framework of this project the affected population and experts from the communities were asked how they deal with the dismantling of the nuclear power stations, which were triggered by the rapid change in energy policy following the accident in Fukushima in 2011. It became clear that there were various strategies for dealing with this process depending on the location. This was the reason to follow up the question of coping with this process at different locations. It could be shown, for example, that the consequences of this event were essentially determined by how the community was already positioned beforehand, e.g. whether the economic situation was a monostructure or whether long-term considerations about the future had already been made during the operating time of the power station. At the individual level, the “prerequisites” in the sense of individual value orientation and the spatially related identity, were also essentially responsible for how the risks of the dismantling and the further development of the community were perceived and evaluated. Furthermore, it was compiled from where the people extracted their information, which sources had a high or low credibility, which worries they have with respect to the near future and whether they have the intention to leave the community. In this project it became clear that there were examples of best practice with respect to dealing with this rapid and fundamental change at the locations.

scholarly journals Information psychological war as discursive practice on the pages of fiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Ada Alexandrovna Bernatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Criticism ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to outline the specifics of the discourse of information psychological war on the material of fiction.As a result of consistent interpretation of the key concepts as the basis of the linguo-philosophical aspect of the study, it is concluded that information psychological war as a socio-and linguo-cultural phenomenon responds to all the features and categories of discourse. The object of this research consists in the implementation of the information psychological war subtype, the dominant attribute of which is the material / object of study (a combination of aesthetic function with a number of social ones) and the content heterogeneity of the text as a condition for the potential realization of any discourses in it. The author raises an is sue about the scientific and ethical pro and contra of the research of fiction from the information psychological war perspective. The conclusion is made about the necessity of introducing the factor of “degree” of confrontation / struggle and, accordingly, the study of the fiction for the individual symptoms / features of information psychological war.The conditions and criteria for their establishment in specific practices are formulated.The article presents the targets of information psychological war in the discursive practices studied earlier by the author.In conclusion, the criteria for the selection of fiction texts in the aspect of information psychological war and the criteria for distinguishing information psychological war symptoms from social criticism are summarized.

Neoteny and Social Cognition: A Neuroscientific Perspective on Embodiment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Gallese
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evo Devo

The chapter will address the notion of embodiment from a neuroscientific perspective, by emphasizing the crucial role played by bodily relations and sociality on the evolution and development of distinctive features of human cognition. The neurophysiological level of description is here accounted for in terms of bodily-formatted representations and discussed by replying to criticisms recently raised against this notion. The neuroscientific approach here proposed is critically framed and discussed against the background of the Evo-Devo focus on a little explored feature of human beings in relation to social cognition: their neotenic character. Neoteny refers to the slowed or delayed physiological and/or somatic development of an individual. Such development is largely dependent on the quantity and quality of interpersonal relationships the individual is able to establish with her/his adult peers. It is proposed that human neoteny further supports the crucial role played by embodiment, here spelled out by adopting the explanatory framework of embodied simulation, in allowing humans to engage in social relations, and make sense of others’ behaviors.This approach can fruitfully be used to shed new light onto non propositional forms of communication and social understanding and onto distinctive human forms of meaning making, like the experience of man-made fictional worlds.

On Jon Snow’s death: Plot twist and global fandom inGame of Thrones

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor J Pérez ◽  
Rainer Reisenzein
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Culture ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Global Event ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual

The death of Jon Snow at the end of the fifth season of the TV serial Game of Thrones prompted an intense reaction among the fans of the serial on social media. Thousands of viewers all over the world contributed to the discussion of the meaning and implications of this event, turning it into a global event in the participatory culture of contemporary seriality. In this article, we propose an explanation of this remarkable cultural phenomenon. Based on a theory of plot twists as surprise structures, we argue that the reactions of fans can be understood as concrete, contextually adapted realizations of the characteristic cognitive reactions evoked by the emotions of surprise and shock caused by unexpected negative events. Our analysis focuses in particular on the contributions of viewers to the establishment of the beliefs disconfirmed by the plot twist and on the cognitive activities that served to adapt their minds to the new reality revealed by the twist, which also included reflections on the aesthetic aspects of the plot twist and the narrative in which it was embedded. By providing a public platform for these reflections, the fan forums allowed the individual attempts to adapt to the plot twist to become a collective endeavor. The study illustrates how universal cognitive mechanisms interact with culturally produced contents to generate similar reactions to a fictional event across the globe.

scholarly journals Domain II plays a crucial role in the function of ribosome recycling factor

2006 ◽  
Vol 393 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Guo ◽  
Liqiang Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Zhang ◽  
Yanming Feng ◽  
Guozhong Jing
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ribosome Recycling Factor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermoanaerobacter Tengcongensis ◽  
The Individual

RRF (ribosome recycling factor) consists of two domains, and in concert with EF-G (elongation factor-G), triggers dissociation of the post-termination ribosomal complex. However, the function of the individual domains of RRF remains unclear. To clarify this, two RRF chimaeras, EcoDI/TteDII and TteDI/EcoDII, were created by domain swaps between the proteins from Escherichia coli and Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. The ribosome recycling activity of the RRF chimaeras was compared with their wild-type RRFs by using in vivo and in vitro activity assays. Like wild-type TteRRF (T. tengcongensis RRF), the EcoDI/TteDII chimaera is non-functional in E. coli, but both wild-type TteRRF, and EcoDI/TteDII can be activated by coexpression of T. tengcongensis EF-G in E. coli. By contrast, like wild-type E. coli RRF (EcoRRF), TteDI/EcoDII is fully functional in E. coli. These findings suggest that domain II of RRF plays a crucial role in the concerted action of RRF and EF-G for the post-termination complex disassembly, and the specific interaction between RRF and EF-G on ribosomes mainly depends on the interaction between domain II of RRF and EF-G. This study provides direct genetic and biochemical evidence for the function of the individual domains of RRF.

scholarly journals Empathy and Community in the Age of Refugees: Petzold’s Radical Translation of Seghers’ Transit

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Margarete J. Landwehr
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Refugees ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Globalized World

Petzold’s film constitutes a radical translation of Seghers’ novel by transforming her tale of political refugees in Vichy France into an existential allegory depicting the fluidity of identities and relationships in a globalized world. The transitory existence of Petzold’s war refugee serves as an extreme example of the instability of modern life, which allows spectators to identify and empathize with migrants’ unpredictable journeys. Moreover, the director conveys the universality of his protagonist’s story by portraying him as an Everyman bereft of distinctive personality traits, by intermingling the past (Seghers’ plot) with the present (contemporary settings), and by situating his experiences in non-descript, liminal “non-places.” Both thematically and aesthetically, narrative is portrayed as establishing a community in an unstable contemporary world. Like the anti-hero of many modern Bildungsromane, Petzold’s protagonist fails to develop a stable identity and enduring friendships that anchor him in a community, but he creates his own family of listeners through his storytelling. In a similar vein, the film’s voice-over/narrator that bridges the fictional world with that of the audience underscores the film’s (and the novel’s) central theme: in a world of rapid change and mobility, the individual who may not be able to establish a stable identity or relationships, can create, as a narrator, a community of empathic listeners.

The Sun Herald Sydney City-2-Surf Fun Run – Historical Injury Patterns and Factors Influencing Injury Type and Frequency

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
John C. Vassil ◽  
Linda Winn ◽  
David J. Heslop
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
People First ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Mass Participation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

AbstractIntroduction:The Sydney City-2-Surf (Australia) fun run is the world’s largest annual run entered by around 80,000 people. First aid planning at mass-participation running events such as the City-2-Surf is an area in the medical literature that has received little attention. Consequently, first aid planning for these events is based on experience rather than evidence. The models for predicting casualties that currently exist in the literature are either dated or not statistically significant.Aim:The aim of this study was to characterize patterns of injuries linked to geographic location across the course of the City-2-Surf, and to explore relationships of injury types with location and meteorological conditions.Methods:Records for formally treated casualties and meteorological conditions were obtained for the race years 2010-2016 and statistically analyzed to find associations between meteorological conditions, geographic conditions, casualty types, and location.Results:The most common casualties encountered were heat exhaustion or hyperthermia (39.2%), musculoskeletal (25.4%), and physical exhaustion (10.2%). Associations were found between gradient and the location. Type of casualty incidence with the individual distribution trends of casualty types were quite clear. Clusters of musculoskeletal casualties emerged in the parts of the course with the steepest negative gradients, while a cluster of cardiovascular events was found to occur at the top of the “heartbreak hill,” the longest climb of the race. Regression analysis highlighted the linear relationship between the number of heat and physical exhaustion casualties and the apparent temperature (AT) at 12:00pm (R2 = 0.59; P = .044). This linear equation was used to formulate a model to predict these casualties.Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrate the relationship between meteorological conditions, geographic conditions, and casualties. This will assist planners of other similar events to determine optimum allocation of resources to anticipated injury and illness burden.

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