The living harming the dead: Exposure, mutilation and exclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-142
Author(s):  
Bridget Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the living exposing, mutilating (including maschalismos) and/or denying funeral rites to the dead and argues that these acts should be understood as harmful interaction between the worlds of the living and the dead. It presents a framework for understanding the umbrella terms “burial” and “exposure” and questions the impact of these on the deceased in the tragic Underworld, considering both physical and metaphysical outcomes. It concludes that acts of desecration resulted in dishonour for the deceased that manifested in a dual-world combination of social exclusion in the world of the dead and eventual disappearance from societal memory in the world of the living.

scholarly journals A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Gender Differentiation in Yoruba Burial Rites

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Opoola Bolanle Tajudeen
Keyword(s):  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Burial Rite

This paper focuses on socio-hermeneutic study of gender differentiation in Yoruba burial rites. There are many types of oral genres in Yoruba society. These genres have different functions for different occasion. In essence, Ìrèmọ̀jé eré ìṣípà ọdẹ (hunters funeral dirge) and ìsàà ró (women funeral dirge) are used during men and women funeral rites respectively in Yoruba land. Ogun deity is the founder of Ìrèmọ̀jé chant. Ogun was the first hunter with many adherents who were hunters too. Before the death of Ogun, he ordered his adherents to chant Ìrèmọ̀jé during his funeral rites. He also instructed them to do the same during the funeral rites of fellow great hunters, that is, the hunters that were succeeded by viable children. Ìrèmọ̀jé ìsipaọdẹ is specifically for men and not for women. Ìsàà ró is the final burial rite for the aged women in Yoruba land. This burial rite marks the exit of the aged women from this world to the world beyond. In essence, ìsàà ró is a traditional send-forth for the dead. This type of burial rite was popular in Yoruba land in those days but it was more popular among the Oyo-Yoruba than other Yoruba ethnic groups. Ìsàà ró burial rite is often performed by the Alágbaà (chief head of masquerade) from Ọ̀jẹ̀ family (family of masquerades). It is mandatory for the children of the dead to perform this final burial rite for their dead mother because if they fail to do it, things may not be moving well for either the dead in the world beyond or for the children she left behind in this world. The emergence of western civilization has made great changes both negatively and positively on the popularity of Ìrèmọ̀jé and Ìsàà ró burial rites respectively. This paper discovered that there is that of valuable documentation of Iremoje/Isipa (Hunting chants and funeral rites for Men) and Isaaro (The final funeral rites for Women) in spite of the existence of enormous works on Yoruba Verbal arts and oral literature. The implication of this finding reveal that if a study of this type is not promoted, Yoruba traditions and valuable oral renditions would be endangered. This could further prompt Yoruba journeys to extinction as many studies have shown that English dominance of Yoruba is changing the language attitude of Yoruba native speakers oral and written discusses. The Yoruba natives have flair for us of English than the use of Yoruba because of the inherent values of English in Nigeria and the world at large. This paper concludes that, despite the negative effect of western education and foreign religions in the foregoing, the technological advancement on Ìrèmọ̀jé and Ìsàà ró has shown that the future of both genres are bright as long as the Yoruba race exists.

scholarly journals Bird collisions with power lines in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
A. F. Mammadov ◽  
A. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Red List ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Autonomous Republic

The article summarizes the results of research in four selected sites (observations) on the impact of surface power lines on bird death in the area of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 2016-2017. Studies show that electrical wires have a major impact on bird death during the spring migration and nesting period. We determined that 225 individual of 27 species were killed by electric shock in selected areas, while 16 individuals belonging to 3 predator bird species were exposed to this threat. Two of these species are in the World Red List. The next plot with high mortality rate was the Cananbar well - Shikhmahmud plain (2 km), although we did not make a research here for the first two months. An average mortality rate of birds here were 2.72 individuals/km. The electric poles in the selected Nakhchivan - Shikhmahmud road (4 km) consisted mainly of wooden material and were sometimes replaced with reinforced concrete. We attribute the fact that the percentage of deaths in this area is lower than other stations because of the poles are more wooden. Among the dead birds some species belonging to the Red List of the World (Falco naumanni and Coracias garrulus). As we already mentioned, beside the overhead electric wires were mainly dangerous to Ciconia ciconia, Buteo rufinus and eagles. The dead and wounded species were recorded only one to four km from the electric line. Among the most common species exposed electric shocks were: Columba livia, Merops apiaster, Corvus frugilegus, Sturnus vulgaris and Passer domesticus. A total of 3,225 birds from 26 species were killed by the private electric shock during the study, four birds could not be identified (unknown species). When looking at the process from a landscape-species perspective, bird species - those most exposed to the electric wires are: less open, open space (loos); forest landscape (fl); residential areas (ra) and less grove areas (lga).

Making Modern Deathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
John Parker
Keyword(s):  
Modern State ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Sub Saharan

This chapter turns to the most emblematic aspect of the African encounter with death: the funeral. It argues that, as historians of death in many cultures have observed, the weight of tradition borne by funeral rites means that they are often stubbornly resistant to innovation. Contemporary sub-Saharan Africa's anthropological research has shown funerary cultures to be undergoing rapid and often dramatic elaboration. In postcolonial Ghana, this transformation has been characterized above all by the increasing ostentation of funerals, which are seen by many observers as more about the status of the living than the honouring of the dead. The chapter also looks into recent transformations in Ghanaian funerary culture and how biomedicine, Christianity, the cash nexus and the modern state conspired to reshape death and burial in Africa. Ultimately, the chapter considers the ways in which colonial biopower sought to regulate and to secularize death. It then shifts to focus on the ongoing debates over the funeral, that key moment when normal time seems suspended and the world of the living and the dominion of the dead enter into an intense and intimate dialogue.

Lua-lia, the ‘fresh funeral’: founding a house for the deceased among the Kasena of north-east Ghana

Africa ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Kututera Abasi
Keyword(s):  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
North East ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Funeral Practices ◽  
The Dead

AbstractFor the Kasena, life finds in death both its measure and its renewal. Indeed, the dead survive through their descendants and in the world of ancestors. Funeral practices are very elaborate. They not only reflect the social, cultural, religious and psychological values and preoccupations shared by the group but are also a way of elaborating upon them. Social and cultural life is re-invigorated through a person's death and funerals, while the dead person is himself the foundation of his descendants' life.This article, drawing from fieldwork in the author's native area, focuses, in particular, on first funerals for adults. Detailed description is followed by the analysis of surprising similarities between birth and funeral rites. It then examines the ‘house’ or the ‘bedroom’ built in the ground – either in the maternal bedroom itself, or in a neighbouring field towards the east – in order to welcome death as an extension, as a founder in the depths of the survivors' dwelling.

THE POVERTY IN SLOVAKIA IN COMPARISON TO OTHER SELECTED EU COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Daniela Palaščáková ◽  
Nataliia Stepaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Maximum Similarity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Economic And Financial Crisis

Poverty is a phenomenon which is present in all parts of the world. The main objective of the paper is to assess poverty in Slovakia compared with selected EU countries through cluster analysis. To the best of the country combined into clusters so as to achieve maximum similarity in terms of the monitoring indicators of poverty in the group, and the largest difference between the groups. Joining countries into clusters to be followed in a period of three years - 2006, 2009 and 2012 in order to determine the impact of the economic and financial crisis on poverty and social exclusion in the EU

Decolonizing Childhoods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Liebel
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Global South ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dignified Life ◽  
The Way

This book addresses key aspects of the post- and decolonial analysis of childhood, such as the scope and limitations of Eurocentric concepts of childhood and the impact of social inequality aggravated by capitalist globalization on children's life prospects. In this context, it discusses the specific modes of agency emerging in children of the Global South. It reconstructs the way in which the colonialization process and the ideologies that supported it have used the metaphor of childhood, and investigates the extent to which they are reproduced in processes of colonizing childhoods. The book presents some colonial and postcolonial policy approaches to modelling childhood in different regions of the world, and asks how, within the postcolonial constellation, children's rights are to be understood and how to deal with them to overcome postcolonial paternalism. Particularly, it discusses various forms of paternalism and asks how they can be overcome in the field of rights-based children’s protection and participation and how child-led movements in the Global South can be understood as a form of citizenship from below. The book explains theoretical and conceptional reflections by case studies from Africa, Latin America and Asia. Finally, the book portrays efforts directed against the invisibilization, marginalization and social exclusion of childhoods and the recuperation of a dignified life of children.

The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonori ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
José J. Vázquez ◽  
Mary Fe Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
World Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Homeless Mentally Ill ◽  
The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

Income and Life Quality of Farmer Households Suffering Social Exclusion

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Anh Mai Ngoc ◽  
Ha Do Thi Hai ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

This study uses descriptive statistical method to analyze the income and life qual- ity of 397 farmer households who are suffering social exclusion in an economic aspect out of a total of 725 households surveyed in five Northern provinces of Vietnam in 2010. The farmers’ opinions of the impact of the policies currently prac- ticed by the central government and local authorities to give them access to the labor market are also analyzed in this study to help management officers see how the poli- cies affect the beneficiaries so that they can later make appropriate adjustments.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

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