‘Unsettled and Unsettling’ Women Migrant Voices After the War

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Maroula Joannou
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Kamala Markandaya ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Post War

Mary Joannou examines the place of London as a haven for English-speaking exiles and émigrés and questions the extent to which it is possible to separate English literature from the literature of the rest of the world as post-war globalization destabilized, de-territorialized and de-colonized Englishness. For the five migrant women writers addressed here - Phyllis Shand Allfrey, Rumer Godden, Attia Hosain, Doris Lessing, and Kamala Markandaya – the attractions of migration to London, albeit bomb-damaged and shortage riven after the war, far outweighed the drabness of the environment of the metropolis. The new migrants, all politically on the left and strong upholders of freedom of speech and universal human rights, made a significant contribution to the enrichment and expansion of Britain’s literary culture in the 1940s and 1950s which was well-served by thriving post-war publishing and media industries.

scholarly journals Doris Lessing’s Science Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Ms. Shikha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Problems ◽  
Post War ◽  
Story Writer

Doris Lessing, the Nobel Laureate (1919-2007), a British novelist, poet, a writer of epic scope, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. She was the “most fearless woman novelist in the world, unabashed ex-communist and uncompromising feminist”. Doris has earned the great reputation as a distinguished and outstanding writer. She raised local and private problems of England in post-war period with emphasis on man-woman relationship, feminist movement, welfare state, socio-economic and political ethos, population explosion, terrorism and social conflicts in her novels.

Anglo-American Post-War Coöperation and the Interests of Europe

1942 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Wolfers
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Post War ◽  
Essential Prerequisite ◽  
Peace In Europe

Often it has been asserted that if the United States had stood by her allies after 1918 and joined the League of Nations, peace in Europe would have been secure. While this overstresses the point, it is certainly true that the lack of unity among the victors, both at Versailles and afterwards, deprived the world of anything like a center of coördination and leadership. Even the Concert of Europe of bygone days could claim greater authority than a League from which five out of seven great powers were either permanently or temporarily absent, and in which the two remaining powers, Britain and France, were rarely in agreement.In view of this experience, it makes sense to regard continued coöperation between at least some of the important allies of this war, assuming the defeat of Hitler and his partners, as being an essential prerequisite for a more durable peace. If at least the two great English-speaking powers could form between themselves a solid partnership, so it is argued, would not their combined strength and their supremacy of the seas quite naturally attract other nations into their orbit and thus enable them to preserve the order and peace of the world? Their rôle is envisaged as a kind of enlarged replica of that which the British Empire fulfilled with no little success throughout most of the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Freedom of speech as a key condition for democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
S.B. Ryskeldinova ◽  
◽  
K.O. Sak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
International Law ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Media System ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Flow Of Information

Kazakh media are experiencing difficulties inherited from the Soviet media system. As a result, remnants of the old structures that hinder and restrict independent journalism are still visible. This question is relevant when studying the current state of media independence. In this context, the authors’ main idea of the author of the article is that the exercise of freedom of speech and journalistic independence is a prerequisite for the development of democracy and other rights of citizens. If the state does not allow open and fair competition among different ideas about how to govern the country, there is no guarantee that strong ideas supported by a democratic majority will prevail. At the same time, restricting the flow of information, preventing the independence of journalism - leads to violations of human rights. The authors examine the true content of freedom of speech in international law, provide examples of best practices in other countries and regions, and present concepts developed by leading international and public organizations, as well as experts from around the world.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsey Stonebridge
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
National Citizenship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
Post War

This book is about how a generation of writers and intellectuals in the mid-twentieth century responded to the emergence of a new category of person in the world: the modern refugee whose history, as has recently become clear once more, is also the history of the changing meanings of political and national citizenship in the later twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The introduction offers a critical review of how literary and legal history eventually ended up telling the same story about exile and statelessness in the post-war period: the exile, usually European, emerges as an individual of conscience and agency, a victim of persecution who, nonetheless, is of his time; and the exile’s others, the refugees, sometimes but usually not European, caught in the dehumanizing movements of mass displacement and whose existence is recognized neither by the humanism of human rights nor by literary history.

scholarly journals THE IMAGE OF INDIAN WOMEN AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5418-5421
Author(s):  
Dr. Latha Velavan, Maya P.R
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Women ◽  
Second World

The paper deals with the ancient Indian women and their contribution to literature during the British period. The role of ordinary women and aristocrat ladies were the same in that period. Both were utilized to fulfill their household duties and to act as a consummate hostess to their men at the table. They were portrayed as a secondary character to men in most of the writings. Women were in general unaware of their fundamental rights due to illiteracy.  Cruel rites like Sati and Infanticide were imposed on women by the society and more or less they were just treated as a supporting character to uphold the story. It’s only at the end of the Second World War, the Indian women got a new sight and light about the world. It’s quite interesting to learn how the ancient women lived and experienced the world around them. Women and Literature are interconnected to one another and their writings added new prospects to English Literature.  Earlier, only the work of men were greatly appreciated and won recognition from the readers. But then, the effort of women writers came in to light which created a remarkable aspect in their style and matters they conveyed. They always focused on the language patterns of Indian Literature. It is to be noted that because of their varied style in writing women writers have become very popular among the Indian readers

scholarly journals THE CRIME OF DEFAMATION – STILL DEFENSIBLE IN A MODERN CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY?

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Hoctor
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
The Public ◽  
World Association ◽  
Culture Of Fear ◽  
English Speaking

The crime of defamation, known as criminal libel in some jurisdictions, has (along with associated “insult laws”) been identified in the 2007 Declaration of Table Mountain of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers as the “greatest scourge of press freedom on the continent”. The Declaration proceeds to call for the abolition of such laws as a matter of urgency. This call has similarly been made in the Caribbean context by the International Press Institute and in the Commonwealth by the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI). Writing on behalf of CHRI, Cowell notes the “chilling effect” of defamation laws (along with the procedural laws and regulations governing libel actions), defining this phenomenon as “partially … self-censorship on the part of individuals but in general…a wider culture of fear and uncertainty within society that limits free speech”. On this basis, Cowell argues (for CHRI) that criminal defamation represents the “clearest threat to the exercise of freedom of speech withCommonwealth states” and that the “threat of criminal sanction can act as asignificant and widespread deterrent against all freedom of speech”, and that they should therefore be repealed. Similar calls forthe abolition of criminal defamation laws have issued from the Organization of American States and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and in response to a complaint relating to a criminal libel conviction emanating from the Philippines, the United Nations Human Rights Council stated that “States parties should consider the decriminalization of defamation … application of the criminal law [in the context of defamation] should only be countenanced in the most serious of cases and imprisonment is never an appropriate remedy”.Despite these calls for the abolition of the crime, it is noteworthy that the crime is retained in many jurisdictions, including European jurisdictions and Commonwealth countries. For example, every Commonwealth state in the English-speaking Caribbean (except Grenada) has specific criminal libel laws, Asian Commonwealth countries such as India, Singapore and Malaysia have corresponding criminaldefamation provisions, and so do African Commonwealth countries such as Botswana and South Africa. In addition, Commonwealth members such as Australia and Canada retain criminal defamation laws. An approach from the Commonwealth Press Union arguing for the abolition of the crime of defamation on the basis that such a crime threatens freedom of expression and is subject to abuse, being used in cases which do not involve the public interest, did not find favour with the Commonwealth Law ministers in their meeting in Accra in 2005.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Masters
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Angela Carter ◽  
Anthony Burgess ◽  
Martin Amis ◽  
Literary Ethics ◽  
The World ◽  
Way Of Knowing ◽  
Post War

The introduction shows how a general suspicion of stylistic flamboyance in post-war England led writers like Anthony Burgess, Angela Carter, and Martin Amis to feel at odds with English literary culture. Reconsidering these writers as sophisticated stylists and ethicists—the ‘stylists of excess’—the introduction outlines the major arguments of the ethical turn in literary criticism, describing some of the general antagonisms between the humanist revival and the new ethics, before suggesting a literary ethics that borrows from both without over-relying on notions of character and interiority (contra the ‘humanist revival’), and that returns the author to centre-stage (contra the ‘new ethics’). It proposes an expansive approach to style in order to appreciate the stylists of excess: for example, style as perception; style as a way of knowing and being in the world; and style as the expression of an ethical sensibility that can affect the reader.

Freedom of Speech: is it the Primary Right?

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Kentridge
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Free State ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Free Society ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
The Right

The title of this article is not intended to disparage the value of freedom of speech in a modern democratic society. The right freely and publicly to criticise the institutions of government, the conduct of public affairs whether by the executive or Parliament, the freedom, indeed, to criticise the performance of the judiciary—that right is one of the glories of the unwritten constitution of this country. Its importance is constantly and forcefully emphasised in our highest courts. In one of the Spycatcher cases Lord Bridge of Harwich said that the right to freedom of speech is one of the fundamental freedoms essential to a free society.1 In the same case Lord Oliver quoted Blackstone's statement that the liberty of the press is essential to the nature of a free State.2 More recently Lord Goff of Chieveley, observing that he could see no inconsistency between English law and the European Convention on Human Rights in relation to freedom of speech, added: “This is scarcely surprising, since we may pride ourselves on the fact that freedom of speech has existed in this country perhaps as long as, if not longer than, it has existed in any other country in the world.”3

Late Modernism and the Avant-Garde British Novel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Literary Culture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Late Modernism ◽  
Experimental Fiction ◽  
Realist Novel ◽  
British Novel ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Experimental Novel

In the decades following the immediately post-war period in Britain, a loose grouping of avant-garde writers that included Alan Burns, Christine Brooke-Rose, B. S. Johnson, and Ann Quin worked against the dominance, as they saw it, of the realist novel of the literary mainstream. Late Modernism and the Avant-Garde British Novel: Oblique Strategies reassesses the experimentalism versus realism debates of the period, and finds a body of work engaged with, rather than merely antagonistic towards, the literary culture it sought to renovate. Charting these engagements, it shows how they have significance not just for our understanding of these decades but also for the broader movement of the novel through the century. Oblique Strategies takes some of the things we tend to say about experimental fiction—how it is unreadable, non-linear, elliptical, errant, plotless—and reimagines these descriptors as historically inscribed tendencies that express the period’s investment in the idea of the accidental. These novels are interested in the fleeting and the fugitive, in discontinuity and shock. The experimental novel cultivates an interest in methods of representation that are oblique; it attempts to conjure the world at an angle, or in the rear-view mirror; by ellipsis or evasion. These concepts—error, indeterminacy, uncertainty, accident—all bear a relation to that which evades or resists interpretation and meaning. Reading experimental literature in this light, Oblique Strategies finds it eloquent about the forms of not-knowing and uncertainty that mark late modernism more broadly.

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