The Carpet as a Text, the Writer as a Weaver

2020 ◽  
pp. 279-304
Author(s):  
Khalid Lyamlahy
Keyword(s):  
Close Reading ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatial Composition

“One must look at a beautiful carpet as one reads a page by Aristotle, that is, with the same acute attention”. For Khatibi, the Moroccan carpet is not only a decorative piece that reproduces motifs of Islamic art and combines sophisticated techniques of dyeing, tattooing and painting. It is also a living text, an intricate narrative that requires a specific approach to unravel its hidden symbols and meanings. In From Sign to Image: The Moroccan Carpet, a collective art book written with Moroccan anthropologist and museologist Ali Amahan, Khatibi explores the aesthetics of the Moroccan carpet in relation to ornamental patterns, spatial composition and oral culture. By combining a wide range of references to Islamic texts, Arabic appellations, Berber alphabet and Western writings, Khatibi offers a dynamic conception of the Moroccan carpet as a multifaceted space where artistic creation hinges on the interlacing of coded, fragmentary and imaginary signs. Khatibi’s reading of the Moroccan carpet as a lexis of “intersigns”, which he developed in a conference in 1985, offers a striking illustration of how Moroccan art informs his own process and theory of writing. The circulation of signs in the Moroccan carpet, which is mirrored in the kaleidoscopic composition of Khatibi’s and Mahan’s volume, is enriched with a compelling reference to the idea of desire in creation and reading. Based on a close-reading of this volume in relation to Khatibi’s works, this chapter demonstrates that the Moroccan carpet can be read as a metaphor for Khatibi’s aesthetics that fosters the encounter and weaving of forms, languages, and cultures.

scholarly journals O edukacji włączającej – z uwzględnieniem problemu bezpieczeństwa uczniów w kontekście formalnoprawnym

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jadach
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Security Guarantees

The key issue of this article is inclusive education in connection with the formal and legal aspects of students’ safety when they are staying in educational institutions. In the first part, author describes the basic assumptions of the social model of education and it’s international conditions, also referring to solutions that have been recently implemented in the Polish education system. The second part indicates the problems that may be met by educational institutions and teachers trying to achieve a state of full inclusion. They relate to the school’s caring function in terms of security guarantees. The diversity of student population, especially wide range of educational needs may make it impossible for teachers to develop specific approach to individual pupil. It’s caused by formal items, largely determined by the financial situation of particular local government units.

Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878: Hopes – Vicissitudes – Lessons

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Focus

The authors of the joint monograph "The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878: Hopes – Vicissitudes – Lessons", historians, culturologists and literary scholars, based on historical documents, archival materials, facts of public life and fiction writing, as well as "field work", give an updated vision of the sesquicentennial events, which played a significant role in the transformation of the geopolitical map of Europe and interethnic relations, and whose echoes are still heard today, often re-acquiring the acute relevance. The primary focus is on the Balkan policy of Russia and other major European countries; the Russian-Bulgarian military cooperation; the Russian-Bulgarian social and cultural ties; the refraction of historical realities in artistic creation, journalism and diaries. The book will be of interest to a wide range of researchers, university students and readers interested in the development of international relations, the history and culture of the Balkans, the Russian-Bulgarian dialogue.

scholarly journals Laughter and Humor in the Slavic and Jewish Cultural Traditions

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Folk Theater ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Cultures

The issue “Laughter and Humor in the Slavic and Jewish Cultural Tradition” of the yearbook “Slavic and Jewish Cultures: Dialogue, Similarities, differences” includes materials of the international conference of the same name, held in Moscow on December 2–4, 2020. The book includes 15 articles by scientists from Russia, Belarus, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, who devoted their research to the images of the ridiculous in different cultures and literatures, in traditional culture and fine art. The authors consider a wide range of issues related to the concept of laughter culture, with the problems of perception of laughter and funny in book and oral culture, with the reflection of humorous and comic beginnings in various genres of literature, folklore and folk theater, in everyday and ceremonial behavior.

scholarly journals براہوئی مزاحمتی شاعری: ردوم و پس منظر

Al-Burz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan Ghamkhawar
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Popular Art ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collective Resistance

Throughout history, revolutions and collective resistance to oppression have found inspiration and expression through poetry. Pithy and powerful, poetry is a popular art form at protests. Poets have directly played their roles in revolutionary struggles, and their poems have always expressed protest against harsh realities as well as dreams of liberty across a wide range of styles and genres. In this article we will go through different times of Brahui poetry of resistance to colonialism, discussing the specific approach takes in its political context.

Comedy in an Age of Close Reading

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
Calista McRae
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
John Berryman ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

This chapter focuses on John Berryman, who situates himself at the center of what he calls “the world” and uses everything else in the world to define his self. The chapter includes a poet reacting to the critical atmospheres in which Berryman developed, which is described as having been spoken by someone who seems to have chosen the wrong form and genre. The chapter also examines how Berryman flouts the canonical expectations of mid-century formalist criticism and suggests how he breaks and defaces his form to depict an unusually wide range of mental states. The chapter points out an iridescence between a lyric reading of The Dream Songs and the ways Berryman undermines that reading. It then explains how Berryman transcribes the less-than-perfect mind, such as its irrationality and obsessions.

scholarly journals Extending Cognitive-Behavioural Theory and Therapy to Medically Unexplained Symptoms and Long-Term Physical Conditions: A Hybrid Transdiagnostic/Problem Specific Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Salkovskis ◽  
James D. Gregory ◽  
Alison Sedgwick-Taylor ◽  
Julie White ◽  
Simon Opher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Medically Unexplained Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medically Unexplained ◽  
Unexplained Symptoms

Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are not only common and distressing, but are also typically poorly managed in general medical settings. Those suffering from these problems tend to incur significantly higher health costs than the general population. There are many effective treatments for different MUS; these are almost entirely based on cognitive-behavioural approaches. However, the wide range of treatment protocols tend to be ‘syndrome specific’. As such, they do not generalise well in terms of training and application, making them expensive and difficult to disseminate, suggesting the desirability of developing a transdiagnostic approach. The general basis of such a CBT grounded transdiagnostic approach is considered, and the particular need to incorporate cognitive elements of both anxiety or health anxiety (threat) and depression (loss) is highlighted. Key empirically grounded and evidence-based processes (both specific and general) previously identified as underpinning the maintenance of MUS are delineated. The way in which these can be combined in a transdiagnostic model that accounts for most MUS presentations is presented and linked to a formulation-driven transdiagnostic treatment strategy, which is described. However, the need to take more syndrome-specific issues into account in treatment is identified, suggesting that the optimum treatment may be a hybrid transdiagnostic/specific approach with formulation, shared understanding, belief change strategies, and behavioural experiments at its heart. The generalisation of such approaches to psychological problems occurring in the context of ‘long-term conditions’ is identified as a further important development that is now within reach.

scholarly journals A Shadow of Truth: Honor Klein in Iris Murdoch’s A Severed Head

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Barbora Kašpárková
Keyword(s):  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Female Protagonist ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Central Characters ◽  
Narrative Function

Abstract Iris Murdoch’s novel A Severed Head (1961) is an example of convoluted relationships that may appear hilarious upon superficial analysis. A close reading, however, reveals the suffering triggered by the behaviour of the central characters. The most mysterious female protagonist, the sexually ambivalent Honor Klein, deploys a wide range of possible interpretations. Honor’s powerful figure is like an axis around which the rest of the characters rotate and without whom the plot would fall apart. The question is, nonetheless, if she is a real figure or not. This paper argues that this pivotal character is not a real person but a dreamy and ghostly concentration of elements in relation to the protagonist Martin Lynch-Gibbon. Honor Klein is a force, is suspicion, and fear, and seems to be an external projection of Martin’s subconscious imaginary fears and trauma. She has a similar narrative function as Shakespeare‘s ghosts in, e.g., Macbeth, Hamlet and Julius Caesar.

A Carved Wooden Door from Kayseri

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Liliya I. Sattarova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Friday Mosque ◽  
Made In

The article deals with a little-known mo- nument of Seljuk woodcarving — a door from an ancient Friday mosque (Jami-i Kebir) in Kayseri (Turkey). The carved door, exhibited now in the Ankara Museum of Ethnography, has not yet been the subject of a comprehensive publication. Therefore, this artifact belongs to the group of Anatolian Seljuk woodcarvings, made in the 12th — early 13th centuries, that have a special significance. As rare monuments of Islamic art of the pre-Mongol Middle East, they stood at the origins of the blooming of Anatolian Seljuk art that would occur some decades later.The door was ordered and installed during the Jami-i Kebir mosque renovation, carried out in the second reign of the Seljuk Sultan Giyseddin I Kayhosrov (1205—1211), on the instructions of one of his emirs — Muzaffar al-din Mahmud son of Yagy-Basan, a descendant of the Danishmendid dynasty. The article considers the door’s ornamental decoration, organized as a classic “mihrab” composition, in a set of technical and stylistic aspects. For a comparative analysis, the author inspects a wide range of woodcarvings of the 11th—13th centuries from Anatolia and Iran. The close resemblance of used techniques and decoration, as well as motifs, ornamental themes and epigraphy makes it possible to suggest that the cabinet maker Ibrahim son of Abu-Bakr al-Rumi, who left his signature on the Minbar of the Alaaddin Mosque in Ankara Fortress, could be the author of the magnificent carved door from Kayseri’ Jami-i Kebir.

The Clockmaker’s Cosmos

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Suzanna Ivanič
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Protestant Books

On one level confessional distinction began to define material culture in the first decades of the seventeenth century, but a microhistorical approach reveals the persistence of plural devotional practices and beliefs. A close reading of the 1635 inventory of a court clockmaker, Kúndrat Šteffenaúr, reveals the complex intersections of confessions in Central Europe. It indicates an environment in which a wide range of devotional options were available. Analysis of Kúndrat’s possessions as individual items, and how they were kept together, shows the need to think across and beyond confessional boundaries of Protestant versus Catholic in order to understand lay religious beliefs and practices at this historical moment of confessional rupture. This chapter examines the inventory from two perspectives: first, it surveys the confessional spectrum of objects—Protestant books, Catholic devotional jewellery, clocks, and charms—contextualizing them and exploring why they may have come into Kúndrat’s possession; second, it offers an interpretation of the objects as items that formed Kúndrat’s individual cosmos, as ‘fragmented religion’.

scholarly journals Greening the City: How to Get Rid of Garden Pavement! The ‘Steenbreek’ Program as a Dutch Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3117
Author(s):  
Derk Jan Stobbelaar ◽  
Wim van der van der Knaap ◽  
Joop Spijker
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

The Steenbreek program is a private Dutch program which aims to involve citizens, municipalities and other stakeholders in replacing pavement with vegetation in private gardens. The Dutch approach is characterized by minimal governmental incentives or policy, which leaves a niche for private initiatives like Steenbreek, that mainly work on behavioural change. The aim of this paper is to build a model based on theory that can be used to improve and better evaluate depaving actions that are based on behavioural change. We tested this garden greening behaviour model in the Steenbreek program. The main result is that the model provides an understanding of the ‘how and why’ of the Steenbreek initiatives. Based on this we are able to provide recommendations for the improvement of future initiatives. Steenbreek covers a wide range of projects that together, in very different ways, take into account elements of the theoretical framework; either more on information factors, or on supporting factors, sometimes taking all elements together in a single action. This focus is sometimes understandable when just one element is needed (e.g., support), sometimes more elements could be taken into account to be more effective. If a certain element of the framework is lacking, the change of behaviour will not (or will only partly) take place. The model also gives insight into a more specific approach aimed at the people most susceptible to changing their behaviour, which would make actions more effective.

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