Analysis of Methods and Criteria for Evaluation of Bitumen Performance at Low Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Audrius Vaitkus
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Single Edge ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Critical Cracking Temperature ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation

Thermal cracking is the dominant pavement failure in the cold regions. After each winter, the newly appeared cracks have to be sealed. However, after a few years depending on the sealing method the previously sealed cracks have to be resealed. It results in high maintenance budget and human resources. The appropriate bitumen selection on the basis of bitumen performance at low temperatures can reduce the effect of thermal cracking. For this purpose, number of methods are developed such as Fraass test, bending beam rheometer (BBR) test, direct tension (DT) test, asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD), dynamic shear rheometer using 4 mm diameter parallel plates (4-mm DSR) test, single-edge-notched bending (SENB) test, doubleedge- notched tension (DENT) test and spectral analysis of acoustic emission (AE). This paper presents the analysis of different tests for the evaluation of the bitumen performance at low temperatures, highlights their advantages and disadvantages and gives their limiting criteria. These limiting criteria are usually used to determine the critical cracking temperature, which is defined as the lowest temperature at which bitumen can withstand induced thermal stresses.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Performance of Polymer-Modified Binders in Stone Mastic Asphalts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ana Dias ◽  
Hugo Silva ◽  
Carlos Palha ◽  
Joel Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Modified Binders

When temperatures drop to significantly low levels, road pavements are subjected to thermally-induced stresses, resulting in the appearance of thermal cracking, among other distresses. In these situations, polymers can be used as asphalt binder modifiers to improve certain asphalt binder properties, such as elastic recovery, cohesion, and ductility. Polymers also minimize some of the problems of asphalt mixtures, such as thermal and fatigue cracking and permanent deformation. This work’s objective was to study the behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures, mainly when using modified binders. Thus, three binders were selected and tested: a standard 50/70 penetration grade bitumen and two polymer-modified binders (PMB), obtained by adding, respectively, 2.5% and 5.0% of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) in the 50/70 pen grade bitumen. Then, the PMBs were incorporated into stone mastic asphalt mixtures (namely SMA 11), which were subjected to low-temperature mechanical tests based on the most recent European Standards. The asphalt binders and mixtures evaluated in this work were tested for thermal cracking resistance, creep, elastic recovery, cohesive strength, and ductility strength. Overall, it is concluded that the studied asphalt mixtures with PMB, with just 2.5% SBS, performed adequately at low temperatures down to −20 °C.

scholarly journals Rheology of Asphalt Binder Modified with 5W30 Viscosity Grade Waste Engine Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touqeer Shoukat ◽  
Pyeong Jun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Rotational Viscosity

The pavement structure tends to shrink under low temperature conditions and cracks will appear upon crossing threshold binder stiffness. Decreasing the binder viscosity at such low temperatures, by introducing additional oil fraction (aromatics and saturates) in asphalt colloidal systems, may result in improved resistance to thermal cracking. A single multi-grade engine oil (5W30) was used in this study to analyze the rheological properties imparted to binders. Rotational Viscosity (RV) test revealed that after Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) aging, fresh oil and waste oil have a similar effect on decreasing the viscosity of binder and construction temperatures, reducing them by 5~8 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test results showed an abrupt increase of carbonyl concertation when fresh engine oil was used for rejuvenation while waste engine oil was less susceptible to oxidative aging. Dynamic analysis of modified binders proved that engine oil has better thermal cracking resistance but relaxation ability of binders and rutting resistance was impaired. Filtered waste engine oil resulted in a 35% decrement in the stiffness of binder compared to virgin asphalt after short term aging but upper Performance Grade (PG) was compromised by 1~3 °C with 2.5% oil inclusion. Unfiltered waste engine oil proved to have the least overall performance compared to fresh and filtered waste engine oil.

The Utilization of Rice Husks Powder as an Antioxidant in Asphalt Binder

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hadi Nahi ◽  
Ibrahim B. Kamaruddin ◽  
Napiah Madzlan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Antioxidant Additive ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Point Test

Aging is one of the main contributors for asphalt failure. Oxidation aging is the main cause of long-term deterioration in asphalt pavements as a pavement ages, oxidation stiffens a pavement, making it more susceptible to failure from load and thermal stresses. Slowing a pavement’s oxidative aging would maintain its elastic properties and delay aging problems. There is no performance enhancer in widespread use, acting as an antioxidant that slows the oxidative aging of asphalt binder. The main objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using biomass powder derived from rice husks as an antioxidant additive to control the asphalt age hardening. The waste of rice husks was dried at 40°C for 9–11 days. The dried materials was grounded, and sieved to get fine powder. To evaluate the performance of the antioxidant, samples have to be aged according to SUPERPAVE standards (RTFOT and PAV) and physical, chemical, and rheological properties have to be analyzed. The preliminary results of penetration test softening point test shows that adding 4% of rice husks’ powder to 80/100 binder didn’t change the grade of the binder.

Comparison of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates Between Different Specimen Geometries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hui Zhang ◽  
Matthew Doré
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Specimen Geometry ◽  
Single Edge ◽  
Single Edge Notch ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Edge Notch

Abstract Most engineering components are subjected to cyclic loading in service and design against fatigue failure is often a key consideration in design. For fracture mechanics fatigue analysis, fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests are often required to determine the relevant Paris power law parameters for the material under the environment concerned. Standards allow use of different specimen geometries for FCG tests such as compact tension (CT), centre crack tension (CCT), single edge notch bend (SENB) and single edge notch tension (SENT). However, when selecting specimen geometry for fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) testing, there is often doubt about which specimen geometry is more appropriate and whether they give similar FCGR. There is limited work to compare the FCGR between different specimen geometries. This paper first briefly introduces the guidance on FCG test specimen geometries in standards and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these specimen geometries. A comprehensive literature review is carried out to compare the FCGR data between different specimen geometries. FCGR tests are conducted on SENB, SENT and CCT specimens of C-Mn steel to investigate any effects of specimen symmetry/asymmetry and crack constraint on FCGR. Based on the literature review and test data, it is concluded that FCGR is independent of the specimen geometries examined.

Evaluation of Low-Temperature Properties and the Fragility of Asphalt Binders with Non-Arrhenius Viscosity–Temperature Dependence

2005 ◽  
Vol 1901 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huachun Zhai ◽  
Delmar Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Arrhenius Behavior ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rotational Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Fragility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Critical Cracking Temperature ◽  
Experimental Values

Rotational viscosities of different asphalt binders were determined at temperatures between 80°C and 185°C. Viscosity–temperature dependence of asphalt binders was described with the use of the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) and the William–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equations. The Vogel temperature ( Tv) and the glass transition temperature ( Tg) for different asphalt binders were determined by fitting experimental values of viscosity at different temperatures with these two equations. For asphalt binders, the difference between Tv and Tg was about 40K. Effects of asphaltenes, aging, chemical modification, and polymer content on these temperatures were evaluated. As asphaltene content increased, both temperatures, Tv and Tg, increased. Different polymers showed different effects on these temperatures. The values of Tv and Tg were correlated with the critical cracking temperature ( Tcr) determined through use of a bending beam rheometer and a direct tension tester. The results suggested that the correlations between Tv, Tg, and Tcr could be used to determine Tcr from the rotational viscosity results tested at high temperature. With simple rotational measurements, a quick estimation of Tcr of asphalt binders could be obtained. Liquid fragility theory was also used to study Tg of asphalt binders. Parameters determined with the VTF and WLF equations indicated that asphalt binders behaved as fragile liquids because of their non-Arrhenius behavior in the temperature range studied.

Study of Rheological Properties of Cariphalte Modified Asphalt

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1185-1189
Author(s):  
Tan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Modified Asphalt

To explore the effects of different factors on the rheological properties of cariphalte modified asphalt, based superpave asphalt binder relevant norms, through the use of dynamic shear rheometer Shell 70# asphalt under different temperature, frequency and strain conditions and rheological properties of cariphalte modified asphalt carrying on a systematic study, and comparative analysis of the two anti-fatigue properties of asphalt in the middle and low temperature.The results show that: compared with 70# asphalt, cariphalte modified asphalt has better rutting resistance over a wide temperature range; at lower frequencies and high intensity pavement, cariphalte modified asphalt to better resistance to permanent deformation; better fatigue resistance at low temperatures, and more fatigue damage is not easy to achieve.

Establishing Linear Viscoelastic Conditions for Asphalt Binders

2000 ◽  
Vol 1728 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai O. Marasteanu ◽  
David A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic

The linear viscoelastic regime is defined in terms of the constitutive relationship between the stress and the strain. The set of equations that define the fundamental linear viscoelastic material properties in the time and frequency domains and their relationship to one another is based on the validity of the linearity principle. A material must obey two simultaneous conditions to be linear viscoelastic: the homogeneity (also called proportionality) condition and the superposition principle. On the basis of these considerations a testing procedure was developed to check linear viscoelastic conditions for tests performed on asphalt binders with the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), the bending beam rheometer (BBR), and direct tension (DT). The testing procedure for the DSR requires performing strain sweeps and multiwave single-point tests. For the BBR, tests performed using different constant loads are required. In addition, the recovery part of the specification test is recorded. For the DT, tests performed at different strain rates and relaxation tests performed at different strain levels are required. When applied to asphalt binder data, the testing procedure found no departure from viscoelastic conditions for the DSR and BBR test data. However, the DT procedure indicated a departure from linear viscoelastic conditions.

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