scholarly journals PECULIARITY OF HYBRID ENTREPRENEURS – REVISITING LAZEAR’S THEORY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kurczewska ◽  
Michał Mackiewicz ◽  
Wirginia Doryń ◽  
Dorota Wawrzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Discrete Population ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
Managerial Experience ◽  
Practical Implications

The aim of this study is to explore and elaborate the concept of hybrid entrepreneurship, i.e., a simultaneous mix of self-employment (entrepreneurship) and salary employment. Lazear’s theory of entrepreneurship is assessed in terms whether it can explain the phenomenon of being a hybrid entrepreneur. The hypothesis is that the probability of linking a salary job with one’s own business increases with the variety and level of education gained, the broadness of professional and management experience but also the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The hypotheses are tested with multivariate logistic regression, using survey data gathered from 1600 entrepreneurs. In light of the results, Lazear’s theory cannot be unambiguously extended to the case of hybrid entrepreneurs. Although the probability of being a hybrid entrepreneur increases with broader professional and managerial experience, at the same time it diminishes as the level and diversity of education increase. The results suggest that hybrid entrepreneurs are an importantly discrete population and therefore need to be treated separately. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

Audit Senior Modeling Fallibility: The Effects of Reduced Error Strain and Enhanced Error-Related Self-Efficacy on Audit Juniors' Responses to Self-Discovered Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Emby ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Jost Sieweke
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between audit seniors discussing their own experiences with committing and correcting errors (modeling fallibility), and audit juniors' thinking about errors and error communication (openly discussing their own self-discovered errors). The paper investigates the direct relationship between senior modeling fallibility and juniors' responses, and whether the relationship is mediated through error strain and error-related self-efficacy. Survey data from 266 audit juniors from two Big 4 Canadian accounting firms showed a direct positive association between audit senior modeling fallibility and audit juniors' thinking about errors, and error communication. This relationship is positively mediated through error-related self-efficacy. We also found that the relationship is mediated by error strain. However, although audit senior modeling fallibility was associated with reduced error strain, error strain was positively related to both thinking about errors and error communication, contrary to our hypothesis. The paper discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

scholarly journals Social determinants of self-rated health in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Mijatovic Jovanovic ◽  
D Milijasevic ◽  
S Cankovic ◽  
S Susnjevic ◽  
S Harhaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Poor Social Support

Abstract Background Social determinants of health determine the extent to which a person possesses the physical, social and personal resources to stay healthy and achieve personal aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment. Methods Data from a cross-sectional study - The 2013 National Health Survey in Serbia was used. The study involved 1840 women aged 20 years and over in the Province of Vojvodina. The research instrument was a specially designed questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was implemented to assess the association between self-rated health as a dependent variable and social-demographic characteristics of women as independent variables (age, type of settlement, marital status, material status - DHS Wealth Index (WI), level of education, employment status, social support (Oslo-3 Social Support Scale), smoking and alcohol consumption. Results Out of a total 38.8% of women had a low level of education, according to WI 49.3% were poor, 21.9% were unemployed and 11.5% had poor social support. Every third woman was a smoker (31.9%) and 21.3% self-rated their health as poor. The number of women with poor health increased significantly with the decrease in social support, level of education and WI (from 14.3% among women with strong social support to 36.0% with poor social support, from 8.5% among highly educated to 31,4% among the low educated, from 11.1% among the rich to 24.4% among the poor). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that poor social support (OR = 3.96; 95%CI=2.34-6.70), low level of education (OR = 2.87; 95%CI=1.47-5.58), WI category of poor (OR = 1.77; 95%CI=1.10-2.84), ex smoking (OR = 2.49; 95%CI=1.51-4.08) and smoking (OR = 2.16; 95%CI=1.42-3.29) were significantly associated with poor self-rated health. Conclusions The research shows that there is a strong association between social determinants and self-rated health, which demands multi-disciplinary strategies to improve health and reduce health inequalities. Key messages Protecting the health of women is not only a basic human right, it is also crucial for health and economic development. Social determinants of health are leading causes of the health inequalities and demand an adequate health policy development at local, as well as at the national level.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUNJUNGAN KE OBJEK WISATA KOMERSIAL”DI SUMATERA”BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Miftahul Hasanah ◽  
Alpon Satrianto
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Gender Type

The purpose of this studywas to determine the efect of income, gender, type of work, number of dependents, level of education to visit commercial tourist attractions in West Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive, where this study uses secondary data in the form of national socioeconomic survey data in 2017 and uses logistic regression methods. The results of this study indicate that income, type of work, number of dependents, level of education have a positive and significant effect on opportunities for tourist visits in West Sumatra, while gender, has a negative and significant effect on opportunities for tourist visits in West Sumatra.Keywords: tourist visits, income, gender type, type of work, number of dependents, education level.

Review of Commitment Theories and Models: Application to an Emerging Profession

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dr. Lynn Spellman White
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this research project is to explore if traditional explanations of organizational and professional commitment and conflict, which have been developed through research of older and more established professions such as the Accounting profession, also apply to the Human Resource profession. Survey data gathered from HR practitioners are used to examine the correlates of organizational and professional commitment and conflict. Study results indicate the models explain a significant portion of the variation in both organizational and professional commitment, and that the two types of commitment have different antecedent factors. Results also indicate that organizational and professional conflict is lowest when both levels of organizational and professional commitment are high. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

URGENSI AUDIT JUDGEMENT PADA POST CLEARANCE AUDIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masruri Muchtar ◽  
Prasetya Utama
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Audit Judgment ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Study Results

ABSTRACT:The auditor should have eminence audit judgment to support their assignment This research aims to provide empirical evidence that self-efficacy, experience, level of education, and skepticism have an impact on audit judgment. The population are auditors who had carried out post-clearance audit assignments. This research uses a quantitative approach by testing the theories and hypotheses that have been prepared. Ordinary least square (OLS) linear regression as an analytical model is used in this study. Results show that experience and education level have no impact on audit judgment, whereas self-efficacy and skepticism have a positive and significant impact on audit judgment. Efforts to improve self-efficacy and auditor skepticism are urgently needed. The coefficient of determination describes the variation of variables of self-efficacy, experience, level of education, and skepticism able to explain the variation of audit judgment variables by 51%. The remaining 49% is explained by other variables not involved in this study. Future studies may enhance with other variables and employ in-depth interview methods.Keywords: audit judgment, experience, level of education, post-clearance audit, self-efficacy, skepticism, post-clearance audit ABSTRAK:Auditor seyogyanya memiliki kemampuan audit judgment yang berkualitas guna mendukung penugasannya. Tujuan penelitian adalah memberikan bukti empiris bahwa efikasi diri, pengalaman, tingkat pendidikan, dan skeptisisme memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit judgement. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah auditor Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) yang pernah melakukan post clearance audit. Ini merupakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menguji teori serta hipotesis yang telah disusun. Riset ini menggunakan regresi linear ordinary least square (OLS) sebagai model analisis. Hasil studi memperlihatkan pengalaman dan tingkat pendidikan tidak berpengaruh pada audit judgement, namun efikasi diri dan skeptisisme berpengaruh signifikan pada audit judgement. Implikasinya DJBC perlu memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap berbagai upaya dalam peningkatan efikasi diri dan skeptisisme auditor. Tulisan ini adalah pengembangan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya namun dalam konteks pengujian untuk jenis audit ketaatan. Nilai koefisien determinasi menggambarkan variasi variabel efikasi diri, pengalaman, tingkat pendidikan, dan skeptisisme dapat menjelaskan variasi variabel audit judgement sebesar 51%. Sisanya sebesar 49% dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya yang tidak diujikan dalam tulisan ini. Dengan adanya keterbatasan waktu pada penelitian ini diharapkan mendorong penelitian berikutnya untuk dapat menyertakan beberapa variabel lain yang relevan dan melengkapinya dengan metode in-depth interview.Kata Kunci: bea dan cukai, efikasi diri, pengalaman, skeptisisme, tingkat pendidikan

Epidemiology of pediatric hydrocephalus in Haiti: analysis of a surgical case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-576
Author(s):  
Michael Ragheb ◽  
Ashish H. Shah ◽  
Sarah Jernigan ◽  
Tulay Koru-Sengul ◽  
John Ragheb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Surgical Case ◽  
Operative Notes

OBJECTIVEHydrocephalus is recognized as a common disabling pediatric disease afflicting infants and children disproportionately in the developing world, where access to neurosurgical care is limited and risk of perinatal infection is high. This surgical case series describes the Project Medishare Hydrocephalus Specialty Surgery (PMHSS) program experience treating hydrocephalus in Haiti between 2008 and 2015.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective review of all cases involving children treated for hydrocephalus within the PMHSS program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, from 2008 through 2015. All relevant epidemiological information of children treated were prospectively collected including relevant demographics, birth history, hydrocephalus etiology, head circumference, and operative notes. All appropriate associations and statistical tests were performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTSAmong the 401 children treated within PMHSS, postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) accounted for 39.4% (n = 158) of cases based on clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic findings. The majority of children with hydrocephalus in Haiti were male (54.8%, n = 197), born in the rainy season (59.7%, n = 233), and born in a coastal/inland location (43.3%, n = 61). The most common surgical intervention was endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) (45.7%, n = 175). Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded coastal birth location (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.16–12.18) as a statistically significant predictor of PIH. Increasing head circumference (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.13) demonstrated a slight trend toward significance with the incidence of PIH.CONCLUSIONSThis information will provide the foundation for future clinical and public health studies to better understand hydrocephalus in Haiti. The 39.4% prevalence of PIH falls within observed rates in Africa as does the apparently higher prevalence for those born during the rainy season. Although PIH was the most frequent etiology seen in almost all birth locations, the potential relationship with geography noted in this series will be the focus of further research in an effort to understand the link between climate and PIH in Haiti. The ultimate goal will be to develop an appropriate public health strategy to reduce the burden of PIH on the children of Haiti.

Preoperative Circulating MiR-210, a Risk Factor for Postoperative Delirium Among Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Curative Resection

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5213-5219
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
Jinwei Zheng ◽  
Junping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Curative Resection ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a very common complication in elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC) and associated with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression via targeting mRNAs and play important roles in the nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the potential predictive role of miRNAs for POD. Methods: Elderly GC patients who were scheduled to undergo elective curative resection were consequently enrolled in this study. POD was assessed at 1 day before surgery and 1-7 days after surgery following the guidance of the 5th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V, 2013). The demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics and preoperative circulating miRNAs by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were compared between patients with or without POD. Risk factors for POD were assessed via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 370 participants were enrolled, of which 63 had suffered from POD within postoperative 7 days with an incidence of 17.0%. Preoperative miR-210 was a predictor for POD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.921, a cut-off value of 1.67, a sensitivity of 95.11%, and a specificity of 92.06%, (P<0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression model, the relative expression of serum miR-210 was an independent risk factor for POD (OR: 3.37, 95%CI: 1.98–5.87, P=0.003). Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study highlighted that preoperative miR-210 could serve as a potential predictor for POD in elderly GC patients undergoing curative resection.

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