scholarly journals FLIGHT TRAJECTORIES COMPARISON IN THE BALTIC FAB / BALTIJOS FUNKCINIO ORO ERDVĖS BLOKO SKRYDŽIŲ TRAJEKTORIJŲ PALYGINIMAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anrieta Dudoit ◽  
Jonas Stankūnas
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Optimal Trajectories ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The Us ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
National Borders

Aviation is one of the types of transport which has a crucial role in the modern world and develops with unprecedent speed. As the number of flights tends to increase, the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system has to ensure the safety of these flights and effectiveness of them. The design and use of the European routes and use of the air route network are considered to be a major causal factor of flight inefficiencies in the continent. The present ATM system needs to be reorganised to satisfy airspace operator needs and maintain safety levels, because of the recent and future predicted traffic growth and not always satisfactory indicators of the efficiency of the ATM system.The airspace is currently fragmented along national borders that is why the efficiency of flights is not assured i.e. to perform flights along optimal trajectories avoiding delays, excessive fuel burn and emissions. One of the conditions for ATM system to be more effective is connection of the airspace blocks, into Functional Airspace Blocks (FAB), within which more efficient flight could be conducted based on more direct routes connecting entry and exit points of the FAB. According to the analysis on European and US ATM systems, where the European ATM system is the sum total of a large number of separate Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP) whereas the US system is operated by a single ANSP, it was analysed and stated that the less fragmentation there is, the more efficient flights are.The focus of this paper is to show the differences between fixed routes and direct trajectories (Great Circle) in the Baltic FAB in terms of flight distance, fuel burn and emission. The airspace is currently fragmented along national borders that is why the efficiency of flights is not assured i.e. to perform flights along optimal trajectories avoiding delays, excessive fuel burn and emissions. One of the conditions for ATM system to be more effective is connection of the airspace blocks, into Functional Airspace Blocks (FAB), within which more efficient flight could be conducted based on more direct routes connecting entry and exit points of the FAB. According to the analysis on European and US ATM systems, where the European ATM system is the sum total of a large number of separate Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP) whereas the US system is operated by a single ANSP, it was analysed and stated that the less fragmentation there is, the more efficient flights are. The focus of this paper is to show the differences between fixed routes and direct trajectories (Great Circle) in the Baltic FAB in terms of flight distance, fuel burn and emission. Santrauka Aviacija – viena iš greitai augančių transporto šakų, kuri yra svarbi šiuolaikiniame moderniajame pasaulyje. Kadangi skrydžių nuolatos daugėja, oro eismo valdymo (OEV) sistema turi užtikrinti skrydžių saugą ir efektyvumą. Europos oro maršrutų išdėstymas ir naudojimas laikomi svarbiausiais skrydžių neefektyvumo veiksniais žemyne. Dėl esamo ir numatomo oro eismo augimo ir ne visados patenkinamų OEV sistemos efektyvumo rodiklių esama OEV sistema turi būti reorganizuota, siekiant užtikrinti oro erdvės naudotojų poreikius ir palaikyti reikalingą saugos lygį.Šiuo metu oro erdvė yra sudalyta pagal kiekvienos šalies valstybines ribas, dėl to skrydžių efektyvumas nėra optimalus, t. y. atliekami skrydžiai nevykdomi pagal optimalias trajektorijas vengiant užlaikymų, mažinant naudojamo kuro sąnaudas ir emisijas. Viena sąlyga, siekiant OEV sistemą padaryti efektyvesnę, – sujungti oro erdvės blokus į funkcinius oro erdvės blokus (FOEB), kur skrydžiai būtų vykdomi tiesesniais maršrutais tarp įskridimo ir išskridimo į FOEB taškų.Atlikus Europos OEV ir JAV sistemų analizę matyti, kad Europos OEV sistema susideda iš daugybės atskirtų oro navigacijos paslaugų teikėjų, o JAV sistemą valdo vienas oro navigacijos paslaugų teikėjas. Konstatuota, kad ten, kur fragmentacija mažesnė, skrydžių efektyvumas didesnis.Straipsnio tikslas – parodyti skirtumus tarp fiksuotųjų ir laisvųjų maršrutų Baltijos funkciniame oro erdvės bloke skrydžių atstumo, sunaudojamo kuro ir emisijų faktoriais.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF THE EN-ROUTE HORIZONTAL FLIGHT TRAJECTORY COMPONENTS / HORIZONTALIŲ MARŠRUTINIŲ SKRYDŽIŲ TRAJEKTORIJOS KOMPONENTŲ PALYGINIMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anrieta Dudoit ◽  
Jonas Stankūnas
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Route Network ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Horizontal Flight ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Navigation Service

EUROCONTROL aims at improving the design and use of the European routes. Inefficiencies in the design of airspace and use of the air route network are considered to be a major causal factor of flight inefficiencies in Europe. The European ATM system is the sum total of a large number of separate Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP) whereas the US system is operated by a single ANSP. Airspace fragmentation following National Borders makes flight routes inefficient due to non requested air routes, flight time, excessive fuel burn, CO and NOx emissions. That is the reason why airspace and the fixed route network should be reorganised to satisfy airspace operator needs and maintain required safety levels.The focus of the paper is to show the differences between planned flights and actual trajectories in terms of flight distance, duration and fuel burn. In connection with this, an overview of these indicators in Europe and the USA was made. EUROCONTROL siekia pagerinti Europos maršrutų planus ir jų naudojimą. Neefektyvus oro erdvės planų ir oro maršrutinio tinklo naudojimas laikomas viena pagrindinių Europos skrydžių neefektyvumo priežasčių. Europos oro eismo valdymo (angl. ATM) sistema sudaryta iš daugelio atskirų oro navigacijos paslaugų teikėjų (angl. ANSP), o JAV sistema valdoma vieno oro navigacijos paslaugų teikėjo. Oro erdvės susiskirstymas pagal valstybių ribas daro skrydžio maršrutus neefektyvius dėl nepareikalautų oro maršrutų, skrydžio laiko, per didelio kuro sunaudojimo, CO ir NOx išsiskyrimo. Štai kodėl reikėtų pertvarkyti oro erdvę ir fiksuotų maršrutų tinklą, norint patenkinti oro erdvės operatorių poreikius ir išlaikyti reikalingą saugumo lygį. Šio straipsnio tikslas – parodyti skirtumus tarp suplanuotų skrydžių ir realių trajektorijų, įvertinant skrydžio atstumą, trukmę ir kuro sunaudojimą. Be to, buvo padaryta šių rodiklių apžvalga Europos ir JAV mastu.

Got the Results, Now What Do You Do?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Heese
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Culture Transformation ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Air Navigation Services ◽  
Navigation Service

Members of the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation have committed themselves to measure and improve safety culture within their organizations by 2013 ( CANSO, 2010 ). This paper attempts to offer support to air navigation service providers that have already implemented a standardized safety culture survey approach, in the process of transforming their safety culture based on existing survey results. First, an overview of the state of the art with respect to safety culture is presented. Then the application of the CANSO safety culture model from theory into practice is demonstrated based on four selected case studies. Finally, a summary of practical examples for driving safety culture change is provided, and critical success factors supporting the safety culture transformation process are discussed.

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO ENERGY SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1/2020) ◽  
pp. 33-67
Author(s):  
Olga Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

A Discussion on global tectonics in Proterozoic times - Palaeomagnetic evidence for a Proterozoic super-continent

1976 ◽  
Vol 280 (1298) ◽  
pp. 469-490 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Polar Wander ◽  
Late Precambrian ◽  
Palaeomagnetic Data ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Global Tectonics

The Precambrian apparent polar wander (a.p.w.) curve for Africa is now defined in a general way from ca . 2700 million years (Ma) to Palaeozoic times, and is compared here with palaeomagnetic results from other Precambrian regions. Loops present in the African and North American a.p.w. curves between 2000 and 1000 Ma can be matched in size and shape, and when superimposed show that the AfroArabian and North American regions were in continuity at this time. Data from other Gondwanaland continents are reviewed and seem to be consistent with the SmithHallam reconstruction to ca . 2100 Ma for South America, to ca . 1800 Ma for India, and possibly for Australia back to ca . 2100 Ma. The a.p.w. curve from the Baltic and Ukrainian Shields can be matched with that from Africa and North America such that there was crustal continuity prior to 1000 Ma with the Gothide and Grenville mobile belts in great-circle alignment. The limited palaeomagnetic data from the Siberian Shield do not allow it to be placed uniquely with respect to the other land masses but are consistent with a position in juxtaposition with the Baltic-Ukrainian Shields such that massive anorthosites and ca . 1000 Ma mobile belts are in alignment with those from elsewhere. The palaeomagnetic evidence is consistent with a model in which the bulk of the Precambrian shields were aggregated together as a single super-continent during much of Proterozoic times, the most prominent feature of which is a great circle alignment of massive anorthosites (2250-1000 Ma) along a belt which also became a concentrated zone of igneous intrusion by rapakivi granites and alkaline intrusions, and culminated in generation of long linear mobile belts at 1150 ± 200 Ma and thick graben sedimentation. The predominance of this feature during much of the Proterozoic suggests that a simple mantle convection system pertained during this time. The proposed super-continent is not greatly different in form from the later shortlived super-continent Pangaea, formation of which may have involved relatively minor redistribution of the sialic regions in late Precambrian (probably post-800 Ma) and Palaeozoic times.

Managerial Economics – Family Medicine Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ecler Jaqua ◽  
Terry Jaqua ◽  
Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Managerial Economics

Supply and demand are amongst the essential requirements before starting up a business. Understanding the quantity of a commodity wished to be sold by producers based on different prices and the item needed by consumers wish purchasing is essential in coming up with ideas. Based on the understanding of this and background research on costs in healthcare, specifically family medicine, it is found that healthcare is amongst the essential requirements, and thus the critical focus of the business idea in a physician’s practice focusing on family medicine care in the US. Starting up the business is based on healthcare demands in the market and further the pricing strategy utilized by most family medicine clinics. Through a connection to the business based on visits in hospitals and the quality offered by these service providers, it is noted that the demand is high and is the most expensive sector in the world, but care is ineffective (The Peterson Center on Healthcare, n.d.) thus leading to searching for effective alternatives by consumers. This creates a potential for offering the most effective services to cater to the demands, and as noted by the Peterson Center on Healthcare (n.d.), the US healthcare system is the most expensive, and costs are projected to grow dramatically in the coming years thus creating the most significant business opportunity to entrepreneurs. By adjusting the resources and trying to cater to the demand in various locations, the key idea is to cater to the need and profit from the sector. The concern of gaining information in the market is research on different healthcare websites and the prices offered and the quality of their services. This will aid in adjusting the prices effectively and thus retaining the demand and supply chain.

scholarly journals Foreign lobbying as an instrument of defense cooperation between Poland and the United States

Baltic Region ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-22
Author(s):  
V. N Konyshev ◽  
E. M. Skvortsova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Party System ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
European Security ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Defence Cooperation ◽  
The Baltic

Defence cooperation between Poland and the United States significantly affects the security agenda of Russia, the Baltic region, and Europe as a whole. On the one hand, Poland intends to become a key partner of the US in ensuring European security. On the other hand, it has ambitions to take the leading position in the security area among the Baltic States. The Polish leadership sees an additional advantage in expanding military cooperation with the United States, regarding it as a jumping board to accelerating its economic and technological development. This article examines a mechanism underlying defence cooperation between the US and Poland, i.e. lobbying Poland’s interests in another state. This allows Warsaw to actively promote its interests in the US. The research methodology employed includes the periodisation of Polish lobbying activities in the US and an empirical study of lobbying based on analysis of original documents, many of which have been analysed for the first time. It is shown that, under the existing party system, Poland will not abandon strategic partnership with the United States, primarily in security and defence. Over the study period, Poland quickly gained experience in promoting its interests in the US through direct lobbying, showing flexibility in negotiations, relying on the two-party support in the US Congress, successfully coordinating the activities of its governing bodies and various corporations which are submitted to tight state control.

scholarly journals Ecolabnet service packages as a response to the needs of manufacturing enterprises in the SME sector of the Baltic Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Edyta Kulej-Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Nowadays, the competitiveness of the economy, which is determined to a large extent by the innovative activities of enterprises and institutions, is of great importance for economic development. An important type of innovation is eco-innovations. Eco-innovations are currently a very timely topic undertaken by researchers, but also an important element of the activities of many companies. As a network of service providers for eco-innovations in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, ECOLABNET fits perfectly in this trend. It aims to support, enable and empower companies to undertake sustainable eco-innovation activities in the Baltic Sea Region and beyond. The aim of this publication is to present the results of research on the eco-innovation needs of SME enterprises of the Baltic Sea countries and potential collaboration in this field with external entities. The services developed as packages of eco-innovation services in Ecolabnet that can meet the identified needs were indicated. The survey was conducted between March and May 2019 and covered SMEs in six countries: Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. The subjects of the study were manufacturing companies that improve their products or services. The aim of the research was to gain an understanding of the needs and challenges related to eco-innovation in the context of sustainable development, to identify the future eco-innovation needs of manufacturing SMEs and collaborations with external actors, and to determine how and through which services the Ecolabnet can meet these needs and contribute to the growth of the enterprise. The manufacturing enterprises in this survey were motivated to eco-innovate. However, they lack knowledge on eco-innovation in its broadest sense, and therefore, urgently need the help of external experts, business partners, and networks in this area. The survey covered three areas: Business, Development, and Technology/Production. Business topic areas that entrepreneurs placed a high emphasis on were: branding and communication, supplier relations, customer insights and financial aspects. Within the needs in terms of development put most emphasis on product design, process development, bio-based materials and biodegradable materials. In the last category of identified needs Technology/Production respondents indicated increasing process efficiency, energy optimization and material efficiency. The research results also indicate that product design as well as branding and communication are urgent needs in the field of external expertise. Of the potential needs, the respondents also indicated customer insights, other alternative materials, business models, value chain assessment, and service design.

scholarly journals How to boost the Western response to Russian hostile influence operations

European View ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Jakub Janda
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The West ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Uk

The Russian Federation has become a rogue state in international relations, invading and occupying the territories of three European countries (Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine), waging war in the Ukrainian territory, producing massive disinformation campaigns against the West, threatening the Baltic republics, and interfering in various elections and referendums. Despite Russia’s aggressive behaviour, the West’s response to it has been significantly limited, particularly when it comes to non-military deterrence by Continental Europe. The US and the UK are leading the punishment of Russia’s aggression, while many countries, mainly in Western and Southern Europe, are hesitant to respond to this threat. This article makes recommendations as to what should be done in practical terms to boost the European portion of the Western response to Russian aggression from the political and policy points of view.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document