scholarly journals The reporting of the mode of transmission among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Lviv oblast, Ukraine, 2014-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11.1) ◽  
pp. 122S-127S
Author(s):  
Maryana Sluzhynska ◽  
Olga Denisiuk ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Yulia Sereda ◽  
Gennadiy Slabkiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Sex With Men

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the key populations driving HIV/AIDS epidemic globally. To date, MSM is the only population in Ukraine where the prevalence and incidence of HIV is increasing. As HIV-positive MSM might feel uncomfortable to report homosexual intercourses as a possible mode of transmission (MoT) of HIV, they prefer being registered as patients with heterosexual or non-defined MoT. This study aimed to calculate the proportion of misclassified MoT among HIV-positive MSM registered in Lviv oblast, Ukraine, during 2014-2018. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 127 HIV-positive MSM patients from Lviv region for the period of 2014-2018. Results: Out of 127 HIV-positive MSM included in the study, 110 (86.6%) were from urban areas. In addition, 52 patients (40.9%) were diagnosed with stage 1 HIV, 16 (12.6%) – stage 2, 19 (15%) – stage 3, and 36 (28.3%) – stage 4. CD4 count < 200 cells/μL was found in 35 (27.6%) patients. Mean time from registration to antiretroviral therapy initiation was 80 days. During the first visit to medical doctor out of those 48 patients who had previously reported “other modes” of HIV transmission, 33 patients (68.7%) disclosed homosexual MoT of HIV. The remaining 15 (31.3%) patients disclosed their homosexual MoT of HIV later – during their regular follow-up visits to the doctor. Conclusion: Special measures are needed to improve the reporting of homosexual MoT which can potentially strengthen the HIV care among MSM.

scholarly journals Pregnant women’s retention and associated health facility characteristics in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Indonesia: cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e034418
Author(s):  
Christina Lumbantoruan ◽  
Margaret Kelaher ◽  
Michelle Kermode ◽  
Endang Budihastuti
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pmtct Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Mother To Child

ObjectivesDespite the national effort to integrate the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme into antenatal care clinics in Indonesia, the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission remains high. This national study was conducted to describe PMTCT programme performance and to identify health facility characteristics associated with this performance in order to inform programme planning and policy development.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study in December 2017.SettingAll health facilities providing PMTCT programmes in Indonesia.ParticipantsAll health facilities registering at least one woman in antenatal care in 2017.InterventionPMTCT data extraction from the national reporting system on HIV/AIDS and government reports.OutcomesWomen retention in the PMTCT programme for at least 3 months and associated health facility characteristics.ResultsA total of 373 health facilities registering 6502 HIV-positive women in antenatal care were included in the analysis. One-third of women (2099) never started antiretroviral treatment. Of the 4403 women who started, 2610 (57%) were retained; 462 (10%) were not retained; and the retention status of 1252 (28%) women referred out of the health facilities was unknown. Compared with primary health centres, hospitals were more likely to retain women (OR=2.88, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.79). The odds of retention were higher in hospital types A and B (OR=3.89, 95% CI 3.19 to 4.76), located within concentrated HIV epidemic areas (OR=2.09, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.38) and a high-priority area for the HIV programme (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.09). We observed no differential retention between women who initiated PMTCT under different options (B+/non-B+).ConclusionsWe observed low retention of HIV-positive pregnant women in the PMTCT programme in Indonesia in 2017. Additional efforts are needed to improve women’s retention in the PMTCT programme. Retention could be increased through the delivery of PMTCT programmes by replicating strategies implemented at hospital types A and B located in concentrated HIV epidemic areas where an HIV programme is a high priority.

scholarly journals Retention in HIV Care among Children Aged 0-14 Years and the Associated Family and Caregiver Factors in Embu County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Ikiara, Eliza Kathure ◽  
Orinda, George Owino ◽  
Thigiti, Joseph Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Retention In Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Retention In Hiv Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Associated Family

Background: Retention of children in HIV care is influenced by a number of factors, among them family and caregiver factors. Objective: To determine the family and caregiver factors associated with retention in care. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study in level 4 and 5 hospitals in Embu county. Data were collected through interviews using a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was performed. Results: We enrolled 238 participants between January and April 2018, comprising 143 males (50.5%) and 140 females (49.5%). The median age of the participants was 12 years (IQR 5). Two thirds of the minors were in primary school (192, 67.8%). More of the children’s mothers were HIV positive compared to the fathers (257 vs 99) though a greater number of the fathers had an unknown HIV status compared to the mothers (138 vs 21). Most minors (241, 85.2%) were retained in care throughout having never missed an appointment. The number of siblings alive (aOR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.92), siblings with HIV (aOR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.68), a HIV positive caregiver (aOR 5.48, 95% CI: 2.44, 12.97), stigma (aOR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.77), work duties of the caregiver (aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13, 0.58) and denial of HIV status by the caregiver (aOR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02, 0.47) were all associated with retention in HIV care. Conclusion: A HIV positive caregiver was most likely to ensure a child is retained in care. Stigma and denial of HIV status still hinder retention. Key words: Retention, HIV, children, caregiver.

Prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Germany: results of a multicentre cross-sectional study

Infection ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph D. Spinner ◽  
Christoph Boesecke ◽  
Cornelius Jordan ◽  
Christoph Wyen ◽  
Tim Kümmerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy suppresses rectal HIV-RNA shedding despite inflammation in MSM with rectal C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections—a cross-sectional, single-center study

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Storim ◽  
Jens Verheyen ◽  
Eva Wolff ◽  
Jeremias Wohlschlaeger ◽  
Evelyn Heintschel von Heinegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesRectal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT/NG) are common in men who have sex with men (MSM) and are linked to HIV transmission. However, rectal CT/NG infections are often asymptomatic and it is not known how they contribute to HIV transmission. We assessed clinical and cytological signs of inflammation as well as rectal HIV-RNA in HIV-infected MSM with and without CT/NG infection.Methods112 HIV-positive MSM with or without rectal symptoms and with or without antiretroviral therapy who underwent high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) at the proctological outpatient centre of the University Hospital Essen, Germany, between November 2013 and February 2014 were included in this cross-sectional study. During the examination, rectal swabs for the assessment of CT/NG, HIV-RNA and inflammatory cells (granulocytes, lymphocytes, histiocytes) were collected. 110 patients were assessed according to the study protocol, and no imputation of missing data was performed.ResultsRectal infections with CT or NG were detected in 17 participants, and 4 participants were coinfected. Only symptomatic CT/NG infections (8/17) showed signs of inflammation in HRA. Symptomatic CT/NG infections were also associated with the detection of lymphocytes and histiocytes in rectal cytology (both P<0.001). In contrast, asymptomatic CT/NG infections neither resulted in clinical nor cytological signs of inflammation. Rectal HIV-RNA was undetectable in all participants with rectal CT/NG infections who received combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) when plasma HIV-RNA was below the limit of detection (n=13). Besides rectal CT/NG infections, syphilis (n=4) and HPV-associated lesions (n=37) were frequently detected, and proctological symptoms were associated with simultaneous infection with ≥2 STDs.ConclusionsOnly symptomatic but not asymptomatic rectal infections with CT and/or NG were associated with clinical and cytological signs of inflammation. Rectal HIV shedding was not promoted by CT/NG infections in patients receiving ART with suppressed plasma HIV-RNA.Trial registration numberUTN: U1111-1150-4804. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00005468.

scholarly journals Detection of Oral Human Papillomavirus in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men 3 Years after Baseline: A Follow Up Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e102138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
Tim R. H. Read ◽  
Lenka A. Vodstrcil ◽  
Sandra Walker ◽  
Marcus Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

scholarly journals Unsafe sexual behavior of currently married men having sex with men in Thane, Maharashtra: a challenge for ensuring ZERO HIV transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3350
Author(s):  
Saravanamurthy P. Sakthivel ◽  
Awdesh Yadav ◽  
Shaeik Tayyaba ◽  
Rambabu Khambampatti ◽  
Siddhartha Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men

Background: Men having sex with men (MSM) in India due to social taboo and pressure, get married to women, and there is limited evidence on HIV-associated risk behaviors among MSM currently married (CM) to a female partner. The aims of the study was to analyse and understand HIV associated risk behaviors among MSM currently married to a female partner in Thane, Maharashtra.Methods: MSM accessing HIV prevention interventions through Targeted Interventions (TIs) in Thane, was approached through a cross-sectional study design. 67 CM-MSM and 57 never married (NM) MSM compared to understand the HIV associated risk behaviors. Engagement in vaginal intercourse, presently living with regular female partner and current marital status used as the screening variables. Statistical analysis used as descriptive, bi-variate and multi-variate analysis performed.Results: Mean age of the CM and NM-MSM together (N=124) is 30 years, with 31% as panthi self-identity, 28% double-decker and 18% bisexual. Unsafe anal sex with paid male/hijra, regular non-paying male and occasional non-paying male/hijra is significantly high among CM-MSM than NM-MSM.Conclusions: Targeted interventions (TIs) in Thane should ensure safe sex practices across all types of partners, especially among MSM married to women, and facilitating a conducive environment for MSM to decide their marital life. 

scholarly journals A study to assess awareness about HIV/AIDS among rural population of central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Shailesh K. Kawale ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Prafulla P. Thaware ◽  
Atul D. Mohankar
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Mosquito Bite ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS depends on general knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS. So the present study was conducted with the aim to assess knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices regarding HIV infection and AIDS among rural peoples.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among peoples age more than 15 years in a villages which comes under field practice area of rural health training centre (RHTC) of our medical college. Total 396 individuals were interviewed during March 2015 to April 2015 by using predesigned and pretested questionnaire after taking written informed consent.Results: 71.5% knows uninfected faithful partner and 82.1% thinks use of condom will prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS to their partners. 46.7% thinks mosquito bite, 37.6% thinks sharing food transmit HIV/AIDS. 83.1% knows pregnancy and 79.3% knows breastfeeding transmit HIV to their children. 61.1% willing for not to keep HIV status secret, 81.6% willing to take care of relatives having HIV, 88.6% allow HIV positive teachers to continue teaching and 68.4% will buy vegetables from HIV positive shopkeeper. 36.8% knows nearby place where condoms are available and 49.7% knows nearby place for HIV testing.Conclusions:People have good knowledge about HIV transmission i.e. faithful partner, condom use, pregnancy and breast feeding. Still some misconceptions need to be address regarding mosquito bite and sharing food with person having HIV/AIDS. Participants have poor knowledge about nearby availability of services related to HIV/AIDS. 

Correlates of condomless anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Santiago de Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Leire Fernandez-Rollan ◽  
Valeria Stuardo A. ◽  
Susanne Strömdahl
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Sex With Men

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic globally. In Chile, HIV prevalence among MSM is estimated at 20%, and condomless anal intercourse is the predominant mode of HIV transmission. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate a broad array of characteristics in a sample of Chilean MSM including condomless anal intercourse (CLAI), as well as to explore possible associations between these characteristics and CLAI. MSM were recruited through respondent-driven sampling between June and October of 2016. A final sample size of 246 MSM was analyzed using CLAI as the outcome and sociodemographic, clinical and sexual risk behavior characteristics as exposure variables. Results show that close to half of the participants reported CLAI with casual sex partners during the last six months, and this outcome had an increased risk associated with use of drugs prior to sex and having had >5 sexual partners

Schistosomiasis is associated with rectal mucosal inflammation among Kenyan men who have sex with men

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242098597
Author(s):  
Supriya D Mehta ◽  
Duncan Okal ◽  
Fredrick Otieno ◽  
Stefan J Green ◽  
Rachel K Nordgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Inflammation Score

Background: Schistosoma mansoni infection is hyperendemic in Lake Victoria communities and associated with cervicovaginal immune alterations and HIV acquisition. We assessed the hypothesis that schistosomiasis correlates with greater rectal inflammation in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 38 HIV-negative MSM aged 18–35 years, schistosomiasis was diagnosed by urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA). Microbiome was assessed in rectal swabs by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and rectal inflammation by quartile normalized summative score of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α). Elastic net (EN) regression identified taxa associated with inflammation. Multivariable linear regression estimated the association between inflammation score and schistosomiasis and bacteria identified in EN. Results: Most men were CCA positive (24/38; 63%), and median rectal inflammation score was significantly higher in these participants (11 vs. 8, p = 0.04). In multivariable regression, CCA-positive men had 2.85-point greater inflammation score ( p = 0.009). The relative abundance of Succinivibrio (coefficient = −1.13, p = 0.002) and Pseudomonas (coefficient = −1.04, p = 0.001) were negatively associated with inflammation. Discussion: CCA positivity was associated with rectal mucosal inflammation, controlling for rectal microbiome composition. Given its high prevalence and contribution to inflammation, schistosomiasis may have important implications for HIV transmission in this vulnerable population.

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