Vagococcus sp. a porcine pathogen: molecular and phenotypic characterization of strains isolated from diseased pigs in Brazil

Introduction: Vagococcus spp. is known for its importance as a systemic and zoonotic bacterial pathogen even though it is not often reported in pigs. This is related to the pathogen misidentification due to the lack of usage of more discriminatory diagnostic techniques. Here we present the first report of Vagococcus lutrae in swine and the characterization of Vagococcus fluvialis and Vagococcus lutrae isolated from diseased animals. Methodology: Between 2012 and 2017, 11 strains with morphological characteristics similar to Streptococcus spp. were isolated from pigs presenting different clinical signs. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical profile. Strains were further genotyped by single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Broth microdilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobials of veterinary interest. Results: Ten strains were identified as V. fluvialis and one was identified as V. lutrae. The SE-AFLP analysis enabled the species differentiation with specific clustering of all V. fluvialis separately from the V. lutrae strain. Most strains presented growth in the maximum antibiotic concentration values tested for eight of the 10 analyzed antimicrobial classes. Conclusions: The observed resistance pattern can represent a problem for veterinary and producers in the treatment of diseases associated Vagococcus spp. in swine production. Vagococcus species may also be a risk for pig industry workers. The data described here will be of great value in further understanding the behavior of this pathogen in animal production.

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Study of Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern And Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Human And Animal Pyogenic Cases

10.21203/rs.3.rs-501903/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jayshree Singh ◽

Amit Kumar ◽

Sharad K. Yadav ◽

Ritika Yadav ◽

Vinod K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern ◽

Animal Isolates

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus has been described as the most common cause of human and animal diseases and has emerged as superbug due to multidrug resistance. Considering these, a total of 175 samples were collected from pyogenic cases of humans (75) and animals (100), to establish the drug resistance pattern and also for molecular characterization of human and animal isolates. Thermonuclease (nuc) gene amplification was used to confirm all presumptive S. aureus isolates and then antibiotic sensitivity and slide coagulase tests were used for phenotypic characterization of isolates. Following that, all of the isolates were subjected to PCR amplification to detect the existence of the methicillin resistance (mecA) and coagulase (coa) genes. Lastly, typing was done by using the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in human and animal samples was found to be 39.4%. Drug sensitivity revealed the highest resistance against the β-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin (94.8%) and penicillin (90.6%), followed by cephalosporin (cefixime-67.7%) and quinolone (ciprofloxacin-52.1%) group of drugs. The drug sensitivity was the highest against antibiotics like chloramphenicol (95%) followed by gentamicin (90%). Among the 69 S. aureus isolates, the overall presence of MRSA was 40.5% (27.5% and 50% in human and animal isolates respectively). Total 33 isolates exhibited coa genes amplification of more than one amplicons and variable in size of 250, 450, 800, and 1100 bp. The RAPD typing revealed amplification of 5 and 6 different band patterns in humans and animals, respectively, with two common patterns suggesting a common phylogenetic profile.

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Immunoglobulin A1 Protease Activity inGemella haemolysans

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.7.2760-2762.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 2760-2762 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jeanet A. Lomholt ◽

Mogens Kilian

Keyword(s):

Protease Activity ◽

Peptide Bond ◽

Hinge Region ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Species Differentiation ◽

Iga1 Protease ◽

Reference Strains

The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and nature of immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease activity in members of the genus Gemella and related taxa. Among a total of 22Gemella strains belonging to the four species Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Gemella sanguinis, and Gemella bergeriae and four reference strains of the species Helcococcus kunzii, Facklamia hominis, and Globicatella sanguinis, IgA1 protease activity was an exclusive character of all nine isolates of G. haemolysans. The IgA1 protease of G. haemolysansappears to be a metallo-type IgA1 protease that cleaves the Pro227-Thr228 peptide bond in the hinge region of the α1 chain like that of several Streptococcusspecies. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates demonstrates that screening for IgA1 protease activity provides a valuable means for species differentiation in this group of bacteria.

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Phenotypic characterization and ecological succession of microorganisms during the fermentation of Cassava and Maize

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po1027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (7A) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ukwuru ◽

Ome Kalu Achi ◽

Uchechi Nnambuihe Ekwenye

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Large Population ◽

Starter Culture ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Ecological Succession ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Phenotypic Characteristics

Fermented foods are consumed by a very large population in Africa but the products have many drawbacks ranging from shelf life instability to contamination and toxicity. These foods therefore require an upgrade through improved fermentation processes. This work determined the phenotypic characteristics of the fermenting microorganisms and microbial ecological succession during fermentation of cassava and maize to determine the predominant fermenting microorganisms. Cassava roots and maize grains were fermented using the traditional method of processing them into fufu and ogi for 72 h and 48 h respectively. Samples were drawn every 12 h for analysis. Enumeration and characterization of lactic acid bacteria were carried out on MRS medium with subsequent microscopic examination, physiological, biochemical reaction tests and API 50 CH gallery. Yeast isolates were identified by their morphological characteristics. Thirteen lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the fermenting cassava and 6 from the fermenting maize. The Isolates were Gram positive and catalase negative. Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum and L. pentusus predominated in both fermentations while Candida tropicalis, C. krusei and Saccharomyces cerevisae also predominated in both fermentations. Candida inconspicuo was found only in cassava fermentation. The results of this work revealed the microbial ecology of fermented cassava and maize which is a prerequisite to the understanding needed to develop a multifunctional starter culture for these fermentations for their upgrade. Keywords: Cassava, Maize, Fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, Yeasts.

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Isolation, Genotyping, and Mouse Virulence Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii From Free Ranging Iberian Pigs

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.604782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Mercedes Fernández-Escobar ◽

Rafael Calero-Bernal ◽

Javier Regidor-Cerrillo ◽

Raquel Vallejo ◽

Julio Benavides ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Organ Distribution ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Mouse Bioassay ◽

Genotype 3 ◽

Genotype 2

The present study aimed to isolate and perform molecular and phenotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains infecting Iberian pigs bred under semi-free conditions and destined for human consumption. Blood and heart tissue samples from 361 fattening pigs from 10 various herds selected in the main areas of Iberian pig production were collected at a slaughterhouse; the sera were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies using a commercial indirect ELISA kit, and a mouse bioassay was carried out using heart muscle of seropositive individual representatives from each geographical location. Seventy-nine (21.9%) of the 361 animals tested positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies according to the serology test. Fifteen samples of myocardial tissue were subjected to bioassay and 5 isolates (TgPigSp1 to TgPigSp5) were obtained. The isolates were characterized by using 11 PCR-RFLP genetic markers; three isolates had a ToxoDB #3 genotype (3/5) and two isolates had a ToxoDB #2 genotype (2/5). The TgPigSp1 and TgPigSp4 isolates were selected for virulence in mice characterization as instances of each different RFLP-genotype found. The TgPigSp1 isolate (#2 genotype) was virulent in mice with notable cumulative mortality (87.5%) and morbidity rates (100%); the TgPigSp4 (#3) was nonvirulent and triggered mild clinical signs in 42.1% of seropositive mice. Infection dynamics and organ distribution of both isolates were analyzed; the data revealed significant differences, including substantially higher parasite load in the lung during the acute phase of infection, in mice infected with TgPigSp1 than in the case of TgPigSp4 (median parasite load 7.6 vs. 0 zoites/mg, respectively; p < 0.05). Furthermore, degrees of severity of detected histopathological lesions appeared to be related to higher parasite burdens. Taking into account the unexpectedly high mortality rate and parasite load associated with the clonal genotype III, which is traditionally considered nonvirulent in mice, the need for further investigation and characterization of the T. gondii strains circulating in any host in Europe is emphasized.

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Structural Diversity of Aspergillus (Section Nigri) Spores

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927613001712 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1151-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marta Filipa Simões ◽

Cledir Santos ◽

Nelson Lima

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

New Species ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Aspergillus Section ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThe taxonomy of fungal species, similar to that of many other microorganisms, suffers frequent revisions due to the discovery of new species and to the development and gathering of characterization data and morphological information. Morpho-taxonomy helps in the identification of many species. This work presents the macro, micro-morphological, and spectral mass analyses for phenotypic characterization of 13 species of Aspergillus section Nigri, showing that the characterization of spores (conidia) by scanning electron microscopy can be used as a tool to discriminate key morphological characteristics and separate closely related fungi. These results were corroborated by colony plates, stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and spectral mass data.

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Morphological and genetic diversity of Mexican guava germplasm

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262107827055 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (03) ◽

pp. 131-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sanjuana Hernández-Delgado ◽

José Saúl Padilla-Ramírez ◽

Alejandro Nava-Cedillo ◽

Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relationships ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Aflp Analysis

Fifty morphological characteristics, fruit production over 3 years (from 1999 to 2002) and the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique were used to analyse a set of 48 guava (Psidium guajavaL.) accessions cultivated in Mexico, in order to characterize their genetic relationships. Germplasm was collected from the Calvillo-Cañones region and planted in Huanusco, Mexico. The study included twoP. cattleianum(Sabine) and twoP. friedrichsthalianum(Berg-Niedenzu) accessions from Costa Rica as outgroups. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained less than 30% of total variation and 14 characteristics from trees (1), leaves (2) and fruits (11) were the most informative. PCA analysis separated the germplasm into three major groups of accessions based on fruit size and weight, stem diameter and leaf size. Significant differences in fruit yield were detected among accessions and years, whereP.guajavaproduced 36 kg/year/tree of fresh fruit whileP. cattleianumandP. friedrichsthalianumshowed fruit yield lower than 7 kg/year/tree. The fruit yield broad sense heritability was 0.25. The AFLP analysis produced two clusters ofPsidiumaccessions, the first includedP. cattleianumandP. friedrichsthalianum, and the secondP. guajavaaccessions. This is the first report about the use of AFLP marker methodology for the genetic characterization of Mexican native guava germplasm and the results based on phenotypic and productive characteristics suggest that germplasm was selected from open pollinated trees.

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Characterization of Pantoea ananatis Isolated from Garlic and Shallot

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.27407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Nanik Nurjanah ◽

Tri Joko ◽

Siti Subandiyah

Keyword(s):

Allium Sativum ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Gyrb Gene ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Pantoea Ananatis ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Central Java

The new disease on garlic (Allium sativum) and shallot (A. cepa L. aggregatum group) have been found in several production centers of garlic and shallot in Tawangmangu and Temanggung, Central Java. The infected plants showed symptoms of leaf blight accompanied by chlorosis. The objective of this study was to determine the pathogen that causes leaf blight and chlorosis based on the phenotypic characterization and gyrB gene sequences analysis. The research started from the isolation of pathogen, physiological and biochemical test, DNA extraction, and sequence analysis of gyrB using gyrB 01-F and gyrB 02-R primer. The results showed that the isolated bacterial pathogen have a yellow pigment, slimy colonies with regular borders, convex, gram-negative, non-spore, facultative anaerobic, motile, catalase production, indole production, and acid production from D-glucose, D-mannitol, sucrose, and lactose. From the pathogenicity test, it was found that the bacteria produced the typical symptom of leaf blight. Characterization of pathogens based on gyrB gene sequence revealed that the pathogen was placed in the group of Pantoea ananatis. IntisariPenyakit baru pada bawang putih (Allium sativum) dan bawang merah (A. cepa L. aggregatum group) telah ditemukan di beberapa sentra produksi bawang putih dan bawang merah di Tawangmangu dan Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Tanaman yang terinfeksi menunjukkan gejala hawar daun disertai klorosis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakter patogen berdasarkan fenotipik dan sekuen gen gyrB. Penelitian dimulai dengan isolasi bagian tanaman yang sakit, uji fisiologi dan biokimia, ekstraksi DNA dengan metode CTAB/NaCl dan amplifikasi gen gyrB menggunakan primer gyrB 01-F and gyrB 02-R. Hasil uji menunjukkan koloni berlendir, cembung, pigmen berwarna kuning, gram negative, tidak berspora, aerob fakultatif, motil, produksi katalase, indol, membentuk asam dari D-glukosa, D-monnitol, sukrosa dan laktosa, dan patogenesitas positif. Karakterisasi patogen berdasarkan sekuen gen gyrB, menunjukkan patogen hawar daun berkerabat dekat dengan Pantoea ananatis.

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