Morphological and genetic diversity of Mexican guava germplasm

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjuana Hernández-Delgado ◽  
José Saúl Padilla-Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Nava-Cedillo ◽  
Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Aflp Analysis

Fifty morphological characteristics, fruit production over 3 years (from 1999 to 2002) and the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique were used to analyse a set of 48 guava (Psidium guajavaL.) accessions cultivated in Mexico, in order to characterize their genetic relationships. Germplasm was collected from the Calvillo-Cañones region and planted in Huanusco, Mexico. The study included twoP. cattleianum(Sabine) and twoP. friedrichsthalianum(Berg-Niedenzu) accessions from Costa Rica as outgroups. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained less than 30% of total variation and 14 characteristics from trees (1), leaves (2) and fruits (11) were the most informative. PCA analysis separated the germplasm into three major groups of accessions based on fruit size and weight, stem diameter and leaf size. Significant differences in fruit yield were detected among accessions and years, whereP.guajavaproduced 36 kg/year/tree of fresh fruit whileP. cattleianumandP. friedrichsthalianumshowed fruit yield lower than 7 kg/year/tree. The fruit yield broad sense heritability was 0.25. The AFLP analysis produced two clusters ofPsidiumaccessions, the first includedP. cattleianumandP. friedrichsthalianum, and the secondP. guajavaaccessions. This is the first report about the use of AFLP marker methodology for the genetic characterization of Mexican native guava germplasm and the results based on phenotypic and productive characteristics suggest that germplasm was selected from open pollinated trees.

scholarly journals To the question of the origin of the cultural assortment   of Dagestan apricots through assessing the variability   of leaf morphological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
D. M. Anatov ◽  
Z. M. Аsadulaev ◽  
R. M. Osmanov ◽  
K. I. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Aim. The paper presents the results of assessment of the indigenous nature and  degree of similarity of apricot cultivars growing in the collection of the Mountain  Botanical Garden, Gunib, Dagestan, Russia based on a comparative analysis of the  variability of leaf morphological characteristics.   Material and Methods. The material assessed consisted of 33 apricot cultivars of  various ecological and geographical origins aggregated in the following groups: (a)  Dagestan – traditional cultivars; (b) Moscow ‐ selection from the Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences based on wild forms of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; (c) European and (d) Asian ‐ from Central Asia, Tajikistan, China  and Altai.   Results. The closeness of Dagestan and European varieties in comparison with Asian  and Moscow varieties was shown. Most Dagestan (16 of 19) and European varieties  have round‐shaped leaves (leaf shape index 80‐ 100%), while those from Asia and  the Moscow Botanical Garden have leaves which are elongated elliptical and oval  (60‐80%). Using the method of principal component analysis (PCA), it was established that most cultivars of Dagestan origin have similar leaf shapes and sizes, of  which Tlama kurak (wide‐round), Hekobarsh (elongated) were distinguished by leaf  shape and Esdelik by leaf size.   Conclusion. Based on a discriminant analysis (Squared Mahalanobis Distances), it  was found that the indices of indicators of leaf attributes (width/length of leaf lamina; petiole length/length of lamina; apex angle/corner of leaf base) are more reliable criteria for differentiating apricot varieties into ecological and geographical  groups than their morphological characteristics.  

scholarly journals Discrimination of Myrtle Ecotypes from Different Geographic Areas According to Their Morphological Characteristics and Anthocyanins Composition

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana V. González-de-Peredo ◽  
Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa ◽  
Estrella Espada-Bellido ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Antonio Amores-Arrocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Positive Effect

Myrtus communis L. is an evergreen shrub that produces berries with a high content in antioxidant compounds. Since these compounds have demonstrated a positive effect on human health, the interest on berries and their usages has increased. However, environmental conditions may affect the productivity of these species and consequently the quality of wild myrtle. Ecotypes from diverse geographical origins may result in significant variations in terms of bioactive compounds content as well as in chemical traits. For this reason, in this work ecotypes from two different localizations have been studied to determine if their differences in morphological and anthocyanins traits can be attributed to their origin and the environmental characteristics of these locations. For this, chemometric analyses such as Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, were employed. The results showed differences between the ecotypes depending on their location. In particular, myrtle berries from maritime zones present greater fruit size and amount of bioactive compounds, which means an improvement in the quality of the final product based on this raw material. It can be concluded that both morphological and anthocyanins traits are related to the location of the ecotype and allow selecting the best ecotype for the required applications.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of guava (Psidium guajava L.) germplasm by RAPD analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ahmed ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
SA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Local Farmers

Psidium guajava L. is a perennial fruit tree in subtropical and tropical areas. In Bangladesh, P. guajava has been used as edible fruits and people use it to treat acute diarrhea, cough and intestinal spasmodic diseases. In the present study, morphological and molecular characterizations were used to display different levels of variability. Molecular marker random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used for the molecular identification of 33 P. guajava germplasm from three selected south-western location of Bangladesh. Among them, eleven commercially cultivated germplasm and the rest twenty two were collected from local farmers. The 10-mer and 12-mer oligonucleotide primers were used in RAPD to amplify. Four primers, A02, A03, S07 and S08, were able to direct the amplification and yield a total of 252 band patterns of which 33.19% were polymorphic. The highest percent of polymorphic loci (37.5%) was observed from primer A03 and the lowest (28.57%) was from primer S08. Results were analyzed by molecular algorithm UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining. Thirty-three genotypes on the dendrogram were identified and divided into two major groups and subgroups on the basis of morphological characteristics and also on the uncultivated and commercial cultivars. The range of genetic distance was observed 0.5253 (Jelly and Thai) to 0.6631 (V30 and V 22). Based on the cluster analysis, the P. guajava samples have morphological difference were grouped independently. The results suggested that RAPD is useful for the discrimination of uncultivated, cultivars P. guajava for high economy.Key words: Guava; Germplasm; RAPD; Marker; Dendrogram.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i3.8823International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(3):62-67

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars using cross species SSR amplification with peach primers

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sz. Ruthner ◽  
A. Pedryc ◽  
B. Kriska ◽  
C. Romero ◽  
M. L. Badenes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Different Sources

Apricot takes an important place in Hungarian fruit production. Considering morphological characteristics of apricots it was concluded that the genetics background of European cultivars is very limited. Molecular markers and their use for genotyping have revolutionized the identification of cultivars. In a classic apricot breeding program, it is important to be able to establish unique DNA profiles of selections to identify them unambiguously and to determine their genetic relationship. Presently SSR is far the most frequently performed technique for genetic diversity studies. In this study there were used peach and apricot primer pairs from four different sources in order to examine microsatellite polymorphism among cultivars and investigate relationships among them. The possibility of cross species amplification among different Prunus species using SSR primers allowed us to use primers developed in peach to study genetic diversity in apricot. In this work, 90% of the primers used were able to amplify SSRs in apricot and more than half of them were polymorphic. With the 10 primer pairs utilized were proven to be sufficient to set unique fingerprint for several cultivars studied. The obtained dendrogram classified of the 45 cultivars included in this study into two major groups and several subgroups.

scholarly journals Gender differences in fruit production and selection of avocado and banana varieties: Case study at Wondo Genet and Wondo Woredas, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Tamirat G. Feyisa ◽  
Habtamu G. Megersa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Selection Of

This study was designed to assess differences in gender roles and preferences of female and male-headed fruit producers regarding the selection of avocado and banana varieties. Two woredas were selected purposively based on the availability of avocado and banana production trends in the woredas. Then, a model avocado and banana producing female and male-headed households were identified and about 34 households were selected randomly from both woredas. A structured questioner was used to collect primary information from the selected households. The collected data were analyzed by STATA 12 software. The obtained results indicated that the male household members exceedingly participated in land preparation (93%), seedling preparation (90%), transplanting (90%) and weeding (76%) whereas, female household members highly participated in fruit collection (72%), transporting fruits to the market (83%), selling the fruit (90%) and deciding on money obtained from fruit sale (83%). The increased participation of female household members indicated that the contribution of female-headed households on many farming activities. The major criteria considered in selection of avocado varieties were plant height (75%), fruit size (75%), fruit yield (84%), fruit test (97%) whereas, fruit yield (91%), fruit color (72%), fruit test (94%) and fruit smell (53%) were important criteria for banana varieties. There were no statistically significant differences (P0.05) in avocado and banana varieties selection criteria between female and male headed households. Therefore, breeders need not develop different avocado and banana varieties for female and male-headed producers. Gender based labor division in the study areas should be taken into consideration whenever technology is demonstrated and farmers' training is given on avocado and banana production technologies to ensure their effective implementation

scholarly journals Partial Defoliation Can Decrease Average Leaf Size but Has Little Effect on Orange Tree Growth, Fruit Yield and Juice Quality

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2011-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongcai Yuan ◽  
Fernando Alferez ◽  
Igor Kostenyuk ◽  
Shila Singh ◽  
James P. Syvertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Orange Trees

The effects of 2 consecutive years of annual defoliation during the harvest season on fruit size, yield, juice quality, leaf size and number were examined in trees of the midseason cultivar `Hamlin' and the late-season cultivar `Valencia' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.]. In `Hamlin', removal of up to 50% of the leaves in late November had no effect on fruit yield, fruit number, fruit size, soluble solids yield, juice °Brix, and °Brix to acid ratio of juice the following year. In `Valencia', removal of 50% of the leaves in late March decreased fruit yield and soluble solids yield but did not affect Brix or the Brix to acid ratio of the juice. Leaf size of new flush was reduced by removal of 50% of the leaves in both cultivars but there was little effect on total canopy size. There were no measured effects of removing 25% of leaves from tree canopies. Thus, canopy growth, fruit yield, fruit quality, and leaf size were not negatively impacted when annual defoliations did not exceed 25% of the total canopy leaf area in `Valencia' and `Hamlin' orange trees for two consecutive years. Overall, fruit weight increased linearly with increasing ratio of leaf area to fruit number, suggesting that fruit enlargement can be limited by leaf area.

Rhizome sectioning and fertilization increase the productivity of cloudberry in natural peatlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bellemare ◽  
L. Rochefort ◽  
L. Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rubus Chamaemorus ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Second Year

The effects of combining rhizome sectioning and in-depth mineral fertilization on cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) growth and production in a natural peat bog were determined over four growing seasons. Observed enhancements of growth and fruit production included: increases in the density of ramets and leaves from the second year; increased flower density from the third year; and increased fruit density from the fourth year. No effect on fruit size was observed. These results demonstrate that it is possible to stimulate growth and productivity of cloudberry by cultural treatments applied to natural mires.Key words: Wild berry, Rubus chamaemorus, fruit yield, rhizome sectioning, mineral fertilization, cloudberry

scholarly journals How plant allometry influences bud phenology and fruit yield in two Vaccinium species

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pier Fournier ◽  
Maxime C Paré ◽  
Valentina Buttò ◽  
Sylvain Delagrange ◽  
Jean Lafond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Flower Phenology

Abstract Background and Aims Understanding how plant allometry, plant architecture and phenology contribute to fruit production can identify those plant traits that maximize fruit yield. In this study, we compared these variables and fruit yield for two shrub species, Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium myrtilloides, to test the hypothesis that phenology is linked to the plants’ allometric traits, which are predictors of fruit production. Methods We measured leaf and flower phenology and the above-ground biomass of both Vaccinium species in a commercial wild lowbush blueberry field (Quebec, Canada) over a 2-year crop cycle; 1 year of pruning followed by 1 year of harvest. Leaf and flower phenology were measured, and the allometric traits of shoots and buds were monitored over the crop cycle. We hand-collected the fruits of each plant to determine fruit attributes and biomass. Key Results During the harvesting year, the leafing and flowering of V. angustifolium occurred earlier than that of V. myrtilloides. This difference was related to the allometric characteristics of the buds due to differences in carbon partitioning by the plants during the pruning year. Through structural equation modelling, we identified that the earlier leafing in V. angustifolium was related to a lower leaf bud number, while earlier flowering was linked to a lower number of flowers per bud. Despite differences in reproductive allometric traits, vegetative biomass still determined reproductive biomass in a log–log scale model. Conclusions Growing buds are competing sinks for non-structural carbohydrates. Their differences in both number and characteristics (e.g. number of flowers per bud) influence levels of fruit production and explain some of the phenological differences observed between the two Vaccinium species. For similar above-ground biomass, both Vaccinium species had similar reproductive outputs in terms of fruit biomass, despite differences in reproductive traits such as fruit size and number.

scholarly journals Changes in the Morphological Characteristics of Potato Plants Attributed to Seasonal Variability

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Olga Escuredo ◽  
Ana Seijo-Rodríguez ◽  
M. Shantal Rodríguez-Flores ◽  
Laura Meno ◽  
M. Carmen Seijo
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Lower Temperature

The development of a potato crop differs according to the environmental conditions and growing season of an area. Periods of high temperatures and drought have been frequent in recent years, and this has affected crops worldwide. The effect of meteorological factors on the plant morphology of potato cultivars growing in A Limia was analyzed for three consecutive years. The crop cycle with the highest temperatures and least accumulated rainfall (2016) showed plants with a higher number of leaflets, which were shorter in length. The crop cycle (2014) with a lower temperature and more rainfall had the tallest plants, the highest degree of flowering, fewer pairs of leaflets and the highest length of the floral peduncle. Kennebec and Fontane were the varieties that showed the least variability in morphological characteristics during the seasons analyzed. Considering the meteorological and morphological data, a principal component analysis was carried out, which explained 80.1% of the variance of the data. Spearman rank correlations showed higher significant coefficients between the temperature and foliar characteristics. The leaf size of plants was estimated using a multiple linear regression analysis, which included the mean temperature, explaining 64% of the variability of the data.

scholarly journals Transferability of ISSR, SCoT and SSR Markers for Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat and Genetic Relationships among Commercial Russian Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Lidia S. Samarina ◽  
Valentina I. Malyarovskaya ◽  
Stefanie Reim ◽  
Lyudmila G. Yakushina ◽  
Natalia G. Koninskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
New Findings

Characterization of genetic diversity in germplasm collections requires an efficient set of molecular markers. We assessed the efficiency of 36 new SCoT markers, 10 new ISSR markers, and 5 microsatellites for the characterization of genetic diversity in chrysanthemum core collection of 95 accessions (Russian and foreign cultivars). Seven new SCoT (SCoT12, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, 34) and six new ISSR markers ((GA)8T, (CT)8G, (CTTCA)3, (GGAGA)3, (TC)8C, (CT)8TG) were efficient for the genetic diversity analysis in Chrysanthemum × morifolium collection. After STRUCTURE analysis, most Russian cultivars showed 20–50% of genetic admixtures of the foreign cultivars. Neighbor joining analysis based on the combination of SSR, ISSR, and SCoT data showed the best accordance with phenotype and origin compared to the separate analysis by each marker type. The position of the accessions within the phylogenetic tree corresponded with the origin and with some important traits, namely, plant height, stem and peduncle thickness, inflorescence type, composite flower and floret types, flower color, and disc color. In addition, several SCoT markers were suitable to separate the groups distinctly by the phenotypical traits such as plant height (SCoT29, SCoT34), thickness of the stem and peduncle (SCoT31, SCoT34), and leaf size and the floret type (SCoT31). These results provide new findings for the selection of markers associated with important traits in Chrysanthemum for trait-oriented breeding and germplasm characterization.

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