scholarly journals Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Malagasy pig and poultry non-industrial farmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiry Rasamiravaka ◽  
Tojo Tiana Andriatsitohanana ◽  
Andry Rasamindrakotroka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Introduction: The laboratory of Training and Research in Medical Biology of Madagascar conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage of pig and poultry Malagasy farmers. Methodology: Pig and poultry farmers from capital town of Madagascar were selected for nasal swabs collection with information on potential risk factors for S. aureus colonization, including animal exposure. Results: Nasal swabs from 180 farmers (M/F sex ratio: 0.74), enabled isolation after culture and biochemical identification, 69 (38.33%) S. aureus strains among which 45 (25%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Risk factors analysis revealed that farming duration, number of animals, direct contact with poultry, and frequent contact with manure increased risk of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage. Likewise, farm practices that imply close contact with pigs such as food distribution and pigsty washing increased risk of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage among pig farmers. Among MRSA isolates, resistance rate to other antibiotics was similar to that of MRSA isolates from the non-farmer Malagasy population. However, gentamycin resistance was noticeably higher (32.5% versus 4.44%). Conclusions: This study shows a high rate of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage with high rate of multidrug resistance among healthy people frequently in contact with animals. A strategic policy against the spread of multidrug-resistant strains is desirable in farms and veterinary areas.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S.aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001).In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only, from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention.Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in livestock in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background : In Morocco, data of LA-MRSA nasal carriage are still limited. The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact. Methods : From 2015 to 2016, 480 nasal swab samples were collected from 27 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2016. The presence of nuc , mec A and his homologue mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results : The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR = 14.321; 95% CI = 7.484- 27.405; p< 0.0001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the higher resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been found only in animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively). Conclusion : Despite the lower colonization rate of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention. Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus , nasal carriage, animals, breeders, MRSA, Morocco

A cross sectional study to assess nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fibhaa Syed ◽  
Nasim Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Arif ◽  
Adil Ramzan ◽  
Rauf Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Objective: To determine the nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from April to July 2018, and comprised healthcare workers at the institution. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar. Mannitol fermenting colonies which were gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-positive were identified as staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 210 nasal swabs, 52(24.76%) had a staphylococcus aureus growth, and, of them, 15(7.1%) were methicillin-resistant. No association could be established with either any single category of healthcare worker or an inter-department variation (p>0.05). Likewise, there was no association with age, gender, duration of service, smoking, co-morbidities, use of antibiotics in the preceding six months, treating a patient with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the preceding six months and hospitalisation in the preceding year (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus amongst healthcare workers was regardless of the nature of their professional engagement. Key Words: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriage, Continuous...

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in the community: a survey from central Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ZANELLI ◽  
A. SANSONI ◽  
A. ZANCHI ◽  
S. CRESTI ◽  
S. POLLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Recently, concern has increased regarding the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community. We studied 812 subjects from central Italy to establish the rates of nasal carriage of S. aureus, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns, in the community. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 30.5%. Only one subject, with predisposing risk factors for acquisition, was identified as carrier of MRSA (prevalence of 0.12%). The presence of MRSA in the community of our area still appears to be a rare event. Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, a surprisingly high rate (18%) of resistance to rifampin was observed.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of Staphylococcus. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates. Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different Livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates. Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Hemodialyzed Patients at the Hospital de Clínicas of Paraguay: A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Arturo Silvero Isidre, ◽  
Fátima Rodríguez Acosta ◽  
César Rodrigo Cristaldo Vargas ◽  
Genaro Américo Velázquez Romero ◽  
José Félix Plans Perrota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Variable Analysis

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are susceptible to the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, increasing the risk of developing infections associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of S. aureus carriage in hemodialysis patients and to perform molecular analysis of isolates by applying multiple-locus variable analysis. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling that included 28 hemodialysis patients attending the Nephrology Department of Hospital de Clínicas in Asunción, Paraguay. We obtained clinical data from medical records and interviews with patients. Nasal swabs were collected and analyzed by microbiological and molecular methods. Results: The frequency of S. aureus carriage was 50% (14/28), 93% of which (13/14) were methicillin resistant, 57% (6/14) were gentamicin resistant and 36% (5/14) were resistant to more than 4 antibiotic classes. S. aureus carriers showed higher frequency of rhinitis (p=0.02 odds ratio [OR]=6.6 (1.2- 34.4)). Seven methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates had been analyzed by multiple-locus variable analysis, two of them showed identical pattern bands. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and the presence of two isolates with identical profile in the multiple-locus variable analysis indicating the possibility of transmission between patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muath Alkhunizan ◽  
Abdullah Alkhenizan ◽  
Loay Basudan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: The age of the population in Saudi Arabia is shifting toward elderly, which can lead to an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment (MCI and dementia) among elderly patients in a community-based setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients aged 60 years and above who were seen in the Family Medicine Clinics affiliated with King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Patients with delirium, active depression, and patients with a history of severe head trauma in the past 3 months were excluded. Patients were interviewed during their regular visit by a trained physician to collect demographic data and to administer the validated Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Results: One hundred seventy-one Saudi patients were recruited based on a calculated sample size for the aim of this study. The mean age of included sample was 67 ± 6 years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 45%. The prevalence of MCI was 38.6% and the prevalence of dementia was 6.4%. Age, low level of education, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were risk factors for cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Prevalence of MCI and dementia in Saudi Arabia using MoCA were in the upper range compared to developed and developing countries. The high rate of risk factors for cognitive impairment in Saudi Arabia is contributing to this finding.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), remains the predominant cause of infections in drug users. This cross-sectional study aims to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: All eligible drug users, with both injection and non-injection route of drug administration , were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs by trained personal during the period between May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus . Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus carriage. Results: Overall, 353 drug users were included in the study and the prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 15.01% (53/353). The prevalence of MRSA carriage was 6.80% (24/353). Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99). The proportion of multidrug resistance was 54.72% for S. aureus isolates and most of these isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seventeen MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant. The results of clonal complexes (CCs) and sequence types (STs) for S. aureus were diverse. The three predominant types for CCs were CC5 (64.15%, 34/53), CC59 (11.32%, 6/53), and CC7 (7.55%, 4/53); and for STs were ST188 (20.75%, 11/53), ST5 (11.32%, 6/53), and ST59 (11.32%, 6/53). Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA carriage was moderate compared to previous studies. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates, particularly MRSA isolates, revealed high proportions of antibiotic resistance, indicating the existence of cross-circulation, and implying high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization and antibiotic stewardship might be implemented for drug users with MRSA carriage.

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