scholarly journals Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Nephropathy using Polyphenol-rich Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) Leaves in Rat Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian E. Imafidon ◽  
Rufus O. Akomolafe ◽  
Sanusi A. Abubakar ◽  
Oluwadare J. Ogundipe ◽  
Olaoluwa S. Olukiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively.RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in the kidney tissue of the rats. With marked improvements in renal histoarchitecture, PEVA treatment showed a duration and non dose-dependent ameliorative potential. CONCLUSION: PEVA treatment reversed the compromise of renal function that was induced by Cd toxicity in rat model.

Magnesium supplementation ameliorates toxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shafeeq ◽  
T Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an extensively used herbicide in the field of agriculture, its ever-escalating use induces toxicity, health effects, and environmental impact. Oxidative stress plays a key role in pathogenesis of 2,4-D-induced liver and kidney damage. Magnesium (Mg) is a highly effective antioxidant agent in restoring oxidative damage by directly influencing the metabolic and physiological processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate Mg role in ameliorating the oxidative damages provoked by 2,4-D in rat model. Male Wistar rats (180–220 g) were distributed into four groups and treated intragastrically for 4 weeks. Group 1: control, group 2: 2,4-D (150 mg/kg body weight/day), group 3: simultaneously treated with 2,4-D (150 mg/kg body weight/day) and Mg supplement (50 mg/kg body weight/day), and group 4: Mg supplement (50 mg/kg body weight/day). Under experimental conditions, plasma hepatic and renal biomarkers, tissue oxidative status, and antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated. Results demonstrated that 2,4-D intoxication caused hepatic and renal impairments as indicated by the significantly increased ( p < 0.001) alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. In addition, 2,4-D caused a significant enhancement ( p < 0.001) in the level of malondialdehyde as well as reduction ( p < 0.001) of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities in both hepatic and renal tissues. Mg treatment prevented and reversed the toxic variations induced by 2,4-D. In general, these outcomes suggest that Mg may have antioxidant potential and ameliorative effects against 2,4-D provoking hepatic and renal toxicity in rat model.

scholarly journals The neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera root extract in MPTP-intoxicated mice: An analysis of behavioral and biochemical varibles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasagam Sankar ◽  
Thamilarasan Manivasagam ◽  
Arumugam Krishnamurti ◽  
Manickam Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Reactive Substance

AbstractWe studied the influence of Withania somnifera (Ws) root extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; i.p, 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days), via the analysis of behavioral features and the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the midbrain of mice. A significant alteration in behavior, increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were noticed in this region of brain in MPTP-treated mice. Oral treatment with the root extract resulted in a significant improvement in the mice’s behavoiur and antioxidant status, along with a significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that at least part of the chronic stress-induced pathology may be due to oxidative stress, which is mitigated by Ws. Further studies are needed to assess the precise mechanism to support the clinical use of the plant as an antiparkinsonic drug.

scholarly journals Different Dietary Proportions of Fish Oil Regulate Inflammatory Factors but Do Not Change Intestinal Tight Junction ZO-1 Expression in Ethanol-Fed Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wen Chien ◽  
Hsiang-Chi Peng ◽  
Ya-Ling Chen ◽  
Man-Hui Pai ◽  
Hsiao-Yun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Intracellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Sixty male Wistar rats were fed a control or an ethanol-containing diet in groups C or E. The fat compositions were adjusted with 25% or 57% fish oil substituted for olive oil in groups CF25, CF57, EF25, and EF57. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, cytochrome P450 2E1 protein expression, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, as well as intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 levels were significantly elevated, whereas plasma adiponectin level was significantly reduced in group E (p<0.05). Hepatic histopathological scores of fatty change and inflammation, in group E were significantly higher than those of group C (p<0.05). Hepatic TBARS, plasma ICAM-1, and hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels were significantly lower, and plasma adiponectin levels were significantly higher in groups EF25 and EF57 than those in group E (p<0.05). The immunoreactive area of the intestinal tight junction protein, ZO-1, showed no change between groups C and E. Only group CF57 displayed a significantly higher ZO-1 immunoreactive area compared to group C (p=0.0415). 25% or 57% fish oil substituted for dietary olive oil could prevent ethanol-induced liver damage in rats, but the mechanism might not be related to intestinal tight junction ZO-1 expression.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF WHITE AND RED TABLE WINES ON THE BRAIN OF WISTER RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
A. J. Kukoyi ◽  
T. A. Coker ◽  
K. A. Arowora ◽  
J. E. Ukperoro ◽  
M. A. Alabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Water Control ◽  
The University ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this research was to investigate the possible effects of white and red table wine on the brain using Wister rats. Twenty-four (24) Wister rats weighing an average of 193g were purchased and identified at the zoological department of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups of six rats each. Red wine (12% alcoholic content), white wine (12% alcoholic content), ethanol+H2O (12%) and distilled water (control), were administered orally and respectively for 10 days. Administration was done using syringe and tourniquets to each rat according to the kg body weight (10ml/kg body weight). The rats were later sacrificed and subjected to biochemical and brain homogenate analysis. The results show that the plasma and brain homogenate of rats administered White wines were significantly lower (p<0.05) than control for Total Cholesterol determination. Similarly, the plasma and brain homogenate of rats administered White wine were significantly lower (p<0.05) than control for Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) determination. Meanwhile, other parameters like HDL-cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Glutathione, Triglyceride, Total Protein, Uric acid and Creatinine were not significantly different from the control for plasma and homogenate analysis. In all, White wine was not found to express any trace of toxicity on the brain as opposed to Red wine. The study therefore shows that White wine are more healthy than red wines and as such when given an option between red and white, white wine should be preferred. Kukoyi, A. J. | Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, P.M.B. 1020, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Sesamum Indicum Seeds on Sperm Morphology and Viability in KetoconazoleInduced Testicular Damage in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf MK
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum seeds on sperm morphology and viability in ketoconazole induced testicular damage in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into eight Groups of six rats each. Groups 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 were administered 1ml of normal saline, 100 mg /kg body weight (bwt) of Ketoconazole only, 500 mg/kg bwt of ethanolic extract of sesamum indicum (EESI) seeds then100 mg/kg bwt of Ketoconazole, 100 mg/kg bwt of Ketoconazole then 250 mg /kg body weight of EESI seeds,100 mg/kg bwt of Ketoconazole then 500 mg/kg bwt of EESI, 100 mg/kg body weight of Ketoconazole then 0.36 mg/kg body weight of Mesterolone, 0.36 mg/kg body weight of Mesterolone, 500 mg/kg body weight of EESI respectively. All administrations were carried out orally once per day. The sperm smears were collected for semen analyses. Result: A significant increase in the abnormalities of sperm morphology and viability respectively were noted in the group administered ketoconazole alone (Group 2) compared with other experimental Groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The administration of ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum appeared to have minimized the damages and sperm deaths caused by ketoconazole which may be due to its androgenic properties.

Cardioprotective Role of Theobroma Cacao against Isoproterenol-Induced Acute Myocardial Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Atiang Beshel ◽  
Favour Nyoh Beshel ◽  
Justina Nwandimma Nwangwa ◽  
Idara Okon Asuquo ◽  
Clement Ikani Ejim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Acute Myocardial Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Background: Antioxidants are beneficial in myocardial infarction (MI). It is suggestive that Theobroma cacao (TC) with rich antioxidant properties can be of health benefit in myocardial injury. Aim: The study investigated the effect of Theobroma cacao on cardioprotection in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarc-tion in rats. Material and methods: Male Wistar rats divided into four groups of 6 rats were used for the study. Group 1, the control was administered 0.9% normal saline placebo via oral gavage. Group 2 was the MI induced group administered 100mg/kg body weight isoproterenol subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hours. Group 3 was administered TC for 2 weeks at 100mg/kg body weight via oral route. Group 4 was pretreated with TC (100mg/kg) via oral route for 2 weeks, followed im-mediately with administration of 100mg/kg body weight isoproterenol subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hours. The rats were sacrificed using chloroform anesthesia, and blood samples collected via cardiac puncture. The serum was analyzed for troponin level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Results: The serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in the MI group compared with the control. Pretreatment with TC before MI induction significantly (p<0.01) prevented increased serum troponin, LDH, and MDA levels when compared with the MI group. There was also a significant (p<0.01) decrease in MDA in the TC group compared with the control. Conclusion: These results suggest that Theobroma cacao protects against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury, possibly by preventing oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Ruellia tuberosa L. Extract Improves Histopathology and Lowers Malondialdehyde Levels and TNF Alpha Expression in the Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anna Roosdiana ◽  
Fajar Shodiq Permata ◽  
Riera Indah Fitriani ◽  
Khairul Umam ◽  
Anna Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Ruellia tuberosa L. is a therapeutic plant that is generally consumed in Indonesian traditional medicine to prevent or cure various illnesses, i.e., diabetes. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroethanolic root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. on the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: healthy rats (group 1), diabetic rats (group 2), and treated rats which received extract at dosages of 250 (group 3), 375 (group 4), and 500 (group 5) mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by the administration of five doses of streptozotocin 20 mg/kg body weight within five consecutive days. Significant increases in the value of TNF alpha expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Furthermore, severe histological alterations of kidney tissues occurred in the diabetic rats group. After treatment was applied, the value of TNF alpha expression and MDA levels on the kidney decreased considerably p < 0.05 in groups 3, 4, and 5. The optimum dosage was obtained at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (group 3), which had 42.24% and 52.70% decrease in TNF alpha expression and MDA levels, respectively. The histopathological profiles of the kidney also showed significant improvements in treated groups. The most prominent recoveries were also shown in group 3. The treatments induced repairment in the glomerular and renal tubular damages in the kidney tissues. To conclude, these results emphasize potentially health valuable properties of hydroethanolic root extracts of R. tuberosa L. in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Nephrotoxicity in rats induced by chlorpryfos-ethyl and ameliorating effects of antioxidantsy

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Oncu ◽  
F Gultekin ◽  
E Karaöz ◽  
I Altuntas ◽  
N Delibas
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

Nephrotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CE) and ameliorating effects of melatonin and vitamin E plus vitamin C were evaluated in rats exposed to CE. Experimental groups were as follows: control (C), CE treated (CE), vitamin E plus vitamin C treated (Vit), melatonin treated (Mel), vitamin E plus vitamin C plus CE treated (Vit+CE), and melatonin plus CE treated (Mel+CE). The rats in the CE, Vit+CE and Mel+CE groups were administered orally with CE in two equal doses of 41 mg/kg body weight (0.25 LD50). Melatonin and vitamins E and C were administrated intramuscularly at the doses of 10, 150 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and antioxidant potential (AOP), and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in the homogenates of kidney tissue. There were no significant differences in the activities of SOD and CAT between the experimental groups. The level of TBARS increased significantly (P<0.05) while AOP decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the CE group compared with the C group. GSH-Px activity was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the CE group and higher in the melatonin group than the control group. Histopathological changes were found in the kidney tissue of rats treated with CE. These were infiltration in mononuclear cells at perivascular and peritubular areas, hydropic degenerations in tubule epithelium and glomerular sclerosis. The severity of the lesions was reduced by administration of vitamins and melatonin. These results suggest that CE increases lipid peroxidation and decreases AOP by increasing oxidative stress, and that high doses of melatonin and a combination of vitamin E plus vitamin C considerably reduce the toxic effect of CE on kidney tissue of rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Obesity in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Mulyati Sri Rahayu ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Yuziani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely employed food enhancers. Although the umami compound, controversy persists regarding the effects of MSG intake on body weight. Chronic MSG intake may result in excessive body weight gain and obesity. Consumption of MSG result in organ damage, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and also risk factors for obesity. This study aims to determine the effect of oral MSG on obesity in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: This true experimental study used the post-test control group design. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received distilled water), Group 1 (MSG 0.378 mg/gr BW), Group 2 (0.756 mg/gr BW) and Group 3 (1.512 mg/gr BW). The obesity parameter was obtained by the Lee index. Kruskal-Wallis test follows by Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the Lee index between groups.Results: Lee’s index mean for each group was 358.4%, 314.1%, 287.8%, and 320.9%, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in the Lee index between groups (p = 0.043). A follow-up test using Mann-Whitney found a significant difference between group 2 and the control group (p = 0.043, p <0.05). The mean of Lee index of group 2 was 70.51% lower than the control group.Conclusion: This study concluded that Lee index was not increased in MSG-treated rats than in the control group after oral MSG intervention for 21 days.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Effect of Methanolic Extract of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind on Prednisolone Suppressed Immunity in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nyejirime Young Wike ◽  
Mobisson Samuel Kelechi ◽  
Godspower Onyeso ◽  
Okekem Amadi ◽  
Elizabeth Eepho Krukru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Citrullus lanatus thumb (Cucurbitaceae) commonly called watermelon is widely consumed in this part of the world as food and medicine. This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanolic extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind on prednisolone suppressed immunity in male wistar rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 150-294g were used in 4 groups with five rats each. Group 1, the control group was given distilled water and feed, Group 2 was given 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind, Group 3 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and Group 4 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind. Prednisolone and the methanolic extract of watermelon rind were administered orally for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were collected by cardio puncture from the rats for white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and granulocyte and monocyte counts at the end of the experiment.  The data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Data were considered significant at p<0.05. The results obtained showed that methanolic extract of watermelon rind caused a significant increasen in immune function of rats when compared with the control and immune suppressed rats.

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