scholarly journals A Series of Patients with Kaposi Sarcoma (Mediterranean/Classical Type): Case Presentations and Short Update on Pathogenesis and Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1688-1693
Author(s):  
Ivanka Temelkova ◽  
Michael Tronnier ◽  
Ivan Terziev ◽  
Uwe Wollina ◽  
Ilia Lozev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples

BACKGROUND: Kaposi’s sarcoma was first described in 1872 by Moritz Kaposi. To date, it is considered a malignant disease is originating from the endothelial cells of the lymphatic vessels believed to be infected with HHV-8. The current classification defines four major epidemiological forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma: classical, endemic, AIDS-associated, and iatrogenic. CASE REPORT: A 90-year-old male is presented with multiple plaques- and tumour-shaped brown-violet formations located on an erythematous-livid base in the area of both feet and both shanks. Two samples were taken from the lesions on the skin of the shanks, with histopathological examination and the subsequent immunohistochemistry showing Kaposi’s sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: Kaposi sarcoma is a disease that causes difficulties both in diagnostic and therapeutic respect. The only sure way to determine the correct diagnosis is immunohistochemical staining with the anti-HHV8 antibody. Despite the wide range of systematic and local treatment options, there is still no unified algorithm and a unified strategy for the treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma.

scholarly journals Diode laser as local treatment for oral Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV young patient: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Niccolò Lombardi ◽  
Elena Varoni ◽  
Laura Moneghini ◽  
Giovanni Lodi
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Highly Active

Introduction: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a malignant mucocutaneous neoplasm caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Four types of KS exist and, in each of them, the patient could develop skin and visceral lesions. Surgical excision, radiotherapy, intralesional chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy are widely accepted as treatment options. Observation: The aim of this paper is to present diode laser as minimally invasive procedure in management of oral KS. We report here a case of multiple oral lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated KS, which has been solely treated with diode laser. Discussion: There is no bibliography on local treatment of oral KS with diode laser and this clinical case appears to be the first regarding this technique. Conclusion: This conservative approach, in association with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), is safe and effective, shows fewer side effects than chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical excision and may be evaluated as potential treatment for oral KS.

scholarly journals LYMPHANGIOMA-LIKE KAPOSI SARCOMA: CHALLENGES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
S.R. Georgescu ◽  
◽  
A.M. Limbau ◽  
M. Tampa ◽  
M.D. Tanasescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
Comprehensive Overview

Background. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal vascular neoplasia with uncertain histogenesis, characterized by angioproliferative multifocal tumors affecting mainly the skin. The “lymphangioma-like” or “bullous KS” variant is a rare morphologic expression of KS, accounting for less than 5% of all cases and appearing among all KS epidemiological subtype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with lymphangioma-like Kaposi’s sarcoma LLKS. Methods. We included 93 patients with Kaposi sarcoma, aged between 36 and 90 years; diagnosis was made as a result of the histopathological examination. The surgical excision samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, paraffin embedded and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for histopathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the following antibodies: CD34, CD31, actin, myoglobin, desmin, cytokeratin and vimentin. Results. The histological features of LLKS vary considerably from the traditional KS, classic KS areas have been absent from some lymphangioma-like KS. Most of the patients were diagnosed in nodular stage and confirmed by positive immunohistochemical staining. Clinically, each patient presented with violaceous patches, papules or plaques; some of the patients presented with bullous lesions. All tumour cells, including those associated with LLKS foci, showed a strong and diffuse reactivity for anti-HHV-8 LNA-1and anti-CD34. Conclusions. Differential diagnosis of lymphangioma-like Kaposi’s sarcoma LLKS with other vascular tumors may be very difficult and a detailed histologic study in combination with immunohistochemistry, such as staining for HHV-8 latent nuclear antigen, is essential for correctly diagnosing lymphangioma-like KS.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Evolutionary Patterns Associated with Metastatic Kaposi’s Sarcoma during AIDS

Sarcoma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna L. Lamers ◽  
Rebecca Rose ◽  
David J. Nolan ◽  
Gary B. Fogel ◽  
Andrew E. Barbier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Single Genome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Autopsy Tissues

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in HIV-infected individuals can have a wide range of clinical outcomes, from indolent skin tumors to a life-threatening visceral cancer. KS tumors contain endothelial-related cells and inflammatory cells that may be HIV-infected. In this study we tested if HIV evolutionary patterns distinguish KS tumor relatedness and progression. Multisite autopsies from participants who died from HIV-AIDS with KS prior to the availability of antiretroviral therapy were identified at the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR). Two patients (KS1 and KS2) died predominantly from non-KS-associated disease and KS3 died due to aggressive and metastatic KS within one month of diagnosis. Skin and visceral tumor and nontumor autopsy tissues were obtained (n=12). Single genome sequencing was used to amplify HIV RNA and DNA, which was present in all tumors. Independent HIV tumor clades in phylogenies differentiated KS1 and KS2 from KS3, whose sequences were interrelated by both phylogeny and selection. HIV compartmentalization was confirmed in KS1 and KS2 tumors; however, in KS3, no compartmentalization was observed among sampled tissues. While the sample size is small, the HIV evolutionary patterns observed in all patients suggest an interplay between tumor cells and HIV-infected cells which provides a selective advantage and could promote KS progression.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical detection of the latent nuclear antigen-1 of the human herpesvirus type 8 to differentiate cutaneous epidemic Kaposi sarcoma and its histological simulators

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fonseca Pereira ◽  
Tullia Cuzzi ◽  
Maria Clara Gutierrez Galhardo
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Human Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Latent Nuclear Antigen

Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common neoplasia diagnosed in AIDS patients and the expression of the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) latent nuclear antigen-1 has been useful for its histological diagnosis. The aim of this study is to confirm that immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool for differentiating KS from its simulators in skin biopsies of HIV patients. Immunohistochemical and histological analyses were performed in 49 Kaposi's sarcoma skin biopsies and 60 of its histological simulators. Positivity was present in the 49 Kaposi's sarcoma skin biopsies and no staining was observed in the 60 simulators analyzed, resulting in sensibility and specificity of 100%. HHV-8 immunohistochemical detection is an effective tool for diagnosing Kaposi's sarcoma, especially in early lesions in which neoplastic features are not evident. It also contributes to its histological differential diagnosis.

Kaposi Sarcoma of the Lower Extremity with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Selma Bakar Dertlioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Common Malignancy

Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common malignancy seen with HIV infection. It is a lymphoangioproliferous tumor first described by Moritz Kaposi in 1872. It is characterized by bluish red or dark brown plaques and nodules, especially in the distal of the lower extremities, often the heels and feet. Organ involvement without skin findings is observed in approximately 15% of the cases. There are four clinical variants, the classical, endemic, iatrogenic and the epidemic associated with AIDS. Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS cases apart from the skin, it can also be seen in the oral cavity, gastro-intestinal system and respiratory system. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be started immediately in newly diagnosed HIV infected patients. In this research, a 65 year old male patient, who was diagnosed AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma at the same time, is described.

A Case of Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a HIV Negative Patient with CLL Treated with Rituximab

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4970-4970
Author(s):  
Anuradha Avinash Belur ◽  
Arun Kumar Arumugam Raajasekar ◽  
Srikant Nannapaneni ◽  
Thandavababu Chelliah
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Negative Patient ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Case Description: - A 76 year old lady was diagnosed with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) with 11 q deletion after she presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and anemia. She was treated with rituximab 375mg/m2 day1 and bendamustine 60mg/m2 on day 1 and day 2 and completed six cycles of treatment. After the sixth cycle she developed multiple itchy, papular lesions with bleeding on both lower extremities. She was evaluated multiple times by vascular surgery and dermatology without a definitive diagnosis. She underwent a biopsy with staining for HHV-8, CD31 and CD34 which was positive confirming the diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma. ELISA test for HIV was negative. She was started on treatment with Doxorubicin 20 mg/m2every 3 weeks and with 3 cycles there was significant regression of the lesions. Discussion-: We describe a case of CLL which was initially started on treatment with rituximab and bendamustine. She tolerated the treatment well, but a few months later presented with skin lesions which on biopsy was diagnosed as Kaposi sarcoma. It is very uncommon for Kaposi sarcoma to develop in a HIV negative patient. This patient was immunocompromised with recent chemotherapy. Rituximab specifically depletes B cells and leads to impaired T cell mediated immunity. This case illustrates the importance of a high index of suspicion in patients treated with rituximab as it is used for a number of hematologic malignancies like leukemia, lymphoma as well as non-malignant conditions like autoimmune disorders. While infusion reactions and reactivation of hepatitis B are side effects physicians are aware of and cautious of while using rituximab, Kaposi’s Sarcoma remains a less known side effect. Awareness of this possibility is important in physicians prescribing rituximab. Footnotes * Asterisk with author names denotes non-ASH members. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Cavernous Hemangioma-Like Kaposi Sarcoma: Histomorphologic Features and Differential Diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Onak Kandemir ◽  
Figen Barut ◽  
Banu Doğan Gün ◽  
Nilgün Solak Tekin ◽  
Sevinç Hallaç Keser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Superficial Dermis ◽  
Morphologic Type ◽  
Hiv 1

Aim. Cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma is a rare morphologic type of Kaposi sarcoma. So far there are no cases in the literature defining the histological features of this morphologic spectrum in detail. In this study we presented two classical-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma cases with histologic findings resembling cavernous hemangioma in company with clinical and histopathological data.Cases. One hundred and eighty-five classical-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma lesions in 79 patients were assessed retrospectively in terms of histopathological features. Findings of two cases showing features of cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma whose clinical data could be accessed were presented in accompany with the literature data. Both cases were detected to have bluish-purple, protruded, irregularly bordered cutaneous lesions. Histopathological examination revealed a lesion formed by cavernous hemangioma-like vascular structures organized in a lobular pattern that became dilated and filled with blood. Typical histological findings of early-stage KS, consisting of mononuclear inflammation, extravasated erythrocytes, and a few immature vascular structures in superficial dermis, were observed. All cases were serologically HIV-1 negative. A positive reaction with HHV-8, CD31, CD34, and D2-40 monoclonal antibodies was identified at both cavernous hemangioma-like areas and in immature vascular structures.Results. Cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma is a rare Kaposi sarcoma variant presenting with diagnostic challenges, that may be confused with hemangioma. As characteristic morphological features may not be observed in every case, it is important for diagnostic purposes to show immunohistochemical HHV-8 positivity in this variant.

Local treatment of AIDS-associated bulky Kaposi’s sarcoma in the head and neck region

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Shimomura ◽  
Yoshimi Kikuchi ◽  
Shinichi Oka ◽  
Junichi Ishitoya
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Head And Neck Region

scholarly journals Giant Fibroepithelial Polyp of Vulva: A Case Report and Review of Literature

PRILOZI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meral Rexhepi ◽  
Elizabeta Trajkovska ◽  
Florin Besimi ◽  
Nagip Rufati
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Polypoid Lesion ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fibroepithelial Polyps ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Fibroepithelial stromal polyps of vulva are the type of mesenchymal lesion that typically occurs in women of reproductive period. They are common, usually small and hystologically benign. Larger lesions are rare and likely arise from proliferation of mesenchymal cells within the hormonally sensitive subepithelial stromal layer of the lower genital tract. We present a case of 16 year old female with a giant polypoid lesion of the vulva localized on the right labium. The mass measure was 18×12×3 cm. Total surgical resection of the lesion was performed. Histopathological examination reported a fibroepithelial stromal polyp of the vulva. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence four years after the resection. Fibroepithelial polyps of the vulvar region are benign lesions that have a wide range of morphologic appearances and may be misinterpreted as malignant. Total excision is the best treatment options and histopathological examination is strongly recommended to rule out a malignant neoplasm.

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