scholarly journals Antidepressant Activity of Alpha-lactalbumin in Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model in Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Gihan F. Asaad ◽  
Rania F. Ahmed ◽  
Somaia A. Nada ◽  
Ezz El-Din S. Eldenshary ◽  
Nadia M. S. Arafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Alpha Lactalbumin

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality. Whey protein components are recently used as functional foods with health benefits. Alpha-lactalbumin (A-LA) is an important component of whey protein. It is a good source of the essential amino acids. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the possible antidepressant effect of whey protein against MDD induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CUS model is used to induce depression in mice for 24 consecutive days and aimed to evaluate the ability of A-LA compared to fluoxetine to recover depression symptoms. Thirty minutes before exposure to the physical stressor, mice were given A-LA daily in a dose of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bwt. RESULTS: The highest dose of A-LA (300 mg/kg bwt.) lessens depression induced in mice. CONCLUSION: This effect might contribute to elevate the level of glutamate and monoamine neurotransmitters, γ-amino-butyric acid inhibition, and enhancement of glutathione in brain tissue.

Sini Tang Prevents Depression-Like Behavior in Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-You Guo ◽  
Hai-Ru Huo ◽  
Lan-Fang Li ◽  
Shu-Ying Guo ◽  
Ting-Liang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Sini Tang, a Chinese traditional prescription containing three herbs, has been widely used for Yang-deficiency. Recent clinical studies have shown that Sini Tang could treat and improve depression symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of Sini Tang remains unknown. In rats with chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), we examined the effects of Sini Tang on sucrose preference and open field exploratory behavior. The levels of corticosterone level in plasma and corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression in hypothalamus were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. Rats subjected to CUS exhibited decreases in sucrose preference and ambulation in the open field test. These were all attenuated by Sini Tang in a dose-dependent manner. Biochemically, Sini Tang also reversed CUS-induced increases in corticosterone in plasma and CRH mRNA in the hypothalamus. The behavioral effects of the Sini Tang were correlated to the biochemical actions. These results suggest that Sini Tang produces an antidepressant-like effect, which appears to involve CRH in the brain.

Facing depression with botulinum toxin: Literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S407-S408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cátia Alves ◽  
G. Sobreira ◽  
M.A. Aleixo ◽  
J.M. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Facial Musculature

IntroductionAffecting over 120 million people, major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by low mood, lack of interest and a cluster of other vegetative and cognitive symptoms causing significant distress of functioning. It has a relapsing and recurring course and frequently becomes chronic. Thus, there is a need to further develop therapeutic techniques to improve the course and the prognosis of depressive disorders. Recent clinical trials suggest that botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment may also have an antidepressant effect.ObjectiveThe authors aim to conduct a non-systematic review in order to understand the relationship between MDD and BTX treatment.AimsTo assess whether current evidence supports the BTX to treat major depressive patients.MethodsA non-systematic review of English scientific literature was conducted through research in the PubMed search engine, using the keywords “botulinum toxin” and “depression”.ResultsThere is a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that botulinum toxin may be useful for the treatment of depression. The main hypothesis for the proposed beneficial effects of botulinum toxin is through the facial feedback. Low mood and depression are often associated with a sad facial expression. Injecting botulinum toxin and improving facial expression would lead to the improvement of depression symptoms.ConclusionsPositive effects on mood have been observed in subjects who underwent treatment of glabellar frown lines with botulinum toxin. It supports the concept that the facial musculature not only expresses, but also regulates mood states.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Symptom Structure of Postdisaster Major Depression: Convergence of Evidence from 11 Disaster Studies Using Consistent Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Carol S. North ◽  
David Baron
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Report Symptom ◽  
Symptom Patterns

Agreement has not been achieved across symptom factor studies of major depressive disorder, and no studies have identified characteristic postdisaster depressive symptom structures. This study examined the symptom structure of major depression across two databases of 1181 survivors of 11 disasters studied using consistent research methods and full diagnostic assessment, addressing limitations of prior self-report symptom-scale studies. The sample included 808 directly-exposed survivors of 10 disasters assessed 1–6 months post disaster and 373 employees of 8 organizations affected by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks assessed nearly 3 years after the attacks. Consistent symptom patterns identifying postdisaster major depression were not found across the 2 databases, and database factor analyses suggested a cohesive grouping of depression symptoms. In conclusion, this study did not find symptom clusters identifying postdisaster major depression to guide the construction and validation of screeners for this disorder. A full diagnostic assessment for identification of postdisaster major depressive disorder remains necessary.

Neuroplasticity: A Key Player in the Antidepressant Action of Chinese Herbal Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Baomei Xia ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
Weiwei Tao
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Neural Apoptosis ◽  
Treatment Theory ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a systematic medicine. It provides alternative strategies for the treatment of depression with its clinical experience, comprehensive diagnosis, and treatment theory. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is the major form of TCM prescription, and numerous CHMs have been demonstrated to possess remarkable antidepressant-like properties. A diversity of mechanisms have been implicated in CHM-associated antidepressant property. This paper reviewed the neuroplastic mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of CHM, finding that CHM repairs neuroplasticity by improving neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, synaptic spine morphology, cell signaling, glutamatergic system, monoamine neurotransmitters, and neural apoptosis. CHM thereby exerts an antidepressant effect, attempting to offer a better understanding of the mechanisms implicated in TCM-related antidepressant-like efficacy and laying a foundation for the scientific evaluation and development of TCM in treating depression.

scholarly journals ANTI-DEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CEFTRIAXONE IN FORCED SWIMMING TEST AND IN TAIL SUSPENSION TEST IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy Borah ◽  
Binita Singha ◽  
Swopna Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Objective: Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide and imposes a substantial health burden on the society. Ceftriaxone has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animals. It has also undergone trials as a treatment option for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of ceftriaxone in mice.Methods: Ceftriaxone was administered at three different doses (0.130, 0.195 and 0.260g/kg) to Swiss albino mice of either sex by intra peritoneal (i. p.) route. The period of immobility in control and drug-treated mice were recorded in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The antidepressant effect of ceftriaxone indicated by the decrease in duration of immobility was compared to that of fluoxetine (0.020 g/kg, i. p.).Results: Ceftriaxone decreased the duration of immobility in mice. It showed a significant dose-dependent antidepressant effect. The antidepressant effect of 0.260g/kg of ceftriaxone was comparable to that of fluoxetine in the TST but not in the FST.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate antidepressant activity of Ceftriaxone. The study shows that ceftriaxone has additional action on the central nervous system other than neuroprotection. Ceftriaxone therapy in cases of encephalomeningitis and in various cases of hemorrhages in the brain can, therefore, prevent the development of depression in future

scholarly journals Ketamine—New Possibilities in the Treatment of Depression: A Narrative Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kowalczyk ◽  
Edward Kowalczyk ◽  
Paweł Kwiatkowski ◽  
Łukasz Łopusiewicz ◽  
Monika Sienkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Rapid Treatment

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus epidemic has led to an increase in the number of people with depression. Symptoms related to the mental sphere (mainly depression and anxiety) may be experienced by one third of the worldwide population. This entails the need for the effective and rapid treatment of depressive episodes. An effective drug seems to be s-ketamine, which was accepted in March 2019 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of drug-resistant depression. This drug provides a quick antidepressant effect with maximum effectiveness achieved after 24 h. It also appears to reduce the occurrence of suicidal thoughts. However, research into undesirable effects, especially in groups of people susceptible to psychotic episodes or those who use alcohol or psychoactive substances, is necessary.

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