Comparative Analysis of Root Dentin Loss when Using Modern Mechanical Cleaning Instruments in Immature Permanent Teeth

Introduction: The full decontamination and disinfection of the root canal system is essential for the success of regenerative endodontic procedures. The current literature does not have information regarding mechanical cleaning of immature teeth with contemporary endodontic instuments. Aim: To compare the thickness and volume of the dentin removed from the roots of immature teeth after endodontic preparation using XP-endo Finisher, GentleFile Brush and a standard H-file scraping technique through micro-computed tomography. Methods: The study included 51 immature permanent molars. Endodontic access was prepared and without performing preliminary extirpation of the pulp, the teeth were divided into three groups. The first group of teeth were instrumented for two minutes with XP-endo Finisher, the second - two minutes with Gentlefile Brush, in the third group the root canals walls were scraped with a No. 40 H-file. The thickness and the volume of the removed dentin was assessed using micro-CT imaging before and after the use of the instruments. Results: There is no statistically significant difference in the mean values of thickness of dentin removed between the teeth, prepared with XP-endo finisher and Gentlefile Brush. When comparing the mean values of volume of dentin removed between the separate groups, a statistically significant difference was discovered for every compared pair with the highest volume of removed dentin in the group prepared with a hand instrument. Conclusion: The endodontic systems tested when used in immature permanent teeth remove significantly less quantity of hard dental structures compared to a hand file for scraping the root canal.

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Quantitative Analysis of Root Canal System and Apical Part with Vertucci Type II Configuration Following Preparation with Three Different Preparation Systems: A Micro-computed Tomography Study

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405614666181115115352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 438-443

Author(s):

Ali Keleş ◽

Cangül Keskin

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Apical Part ◽

Type Ii ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Chi Square ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Canal Systems

Objective: Isthmuses are narrow communications between root canals, and form as the result of the merging of the two root canals widening in a buccolingual direction. This widening causes the high ovality of isthmuses. The shaping and cleaning of all root canal systems are regarded as one of the major difficulties in long-oval shaped root canals. This study aims to make quantitative analysis of Vertucci type II root canal systems following preparation with Self- Adjusting file (SAF), Reciproc or Revo-S. Methods: Major diameter and roundness values were measured at the level 1.2 mm from apical foramen before and after preparation. A ‘post-preparation node’ point was described when the minimum minor diameter value was smaller than major diameter of apical 1.2 mm. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Chi-square tests. Results: Preparation resulted in a significant increase in the major diameter values regardless of the instrumentation (p = 0.000). Preparation with Reciproc led to the significant increase in roundness values (p = 0.000), whereas no significant difference was detected in specimens prepared with SAF (p = 0.21) and Revo-S (p = 0.15). Conclusion: Root canal preparation with SAF, Reciproc and Revo-S led to a significant increase in the major diameter of apical 1.2 mm and resulted in high frequencies of the post-preparation node.

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The comparison of the rate of apical displacement in curved root canals using Neoniti and RaCe files by cone beam CT Scan

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2019.v22i3.1748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 313-320

Author(s):

Mostafa Godiny ◽

Nafiseh Nikkerdar ◽

Reza Hatam ◽

Leila Shahsavand ◽

Atefeh Khavid

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

File Systems ◽

Root Canals ◽

Mandibular Molar ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

Canal Transportation ◽

The Mean

Background and aim: There is a high prevalence of root canal transportation in the teeth with the curve. effect of root canal transportation on the success of root canal therapy of tooth is negative and there is no study about comparing RaCe and Neoniti files in root canal transportation. The aim of this study is assessment and comparing two different RaCe and Neoniti files to determine transportation error in various parts of root using CBCT assessment and comparing them with each other.Method: In this experimental study 50 extracted mandibular molar teeth selected. Teeth were divided randomly into two groups i.e. 25 teeth threated with RaCe file (first group) and 25 teeth threated with Neonitu files (second group). in this study to measurement thickness of dentine in the scan ,before and after instrumentation at the same time we used axial images that obtain from NNT viewer 6.1.0 software .Findings: in the first group ,The mean tooth transportation in 5 mm of apex was 0.15 and in the second group The mean tooth transportation in 5 mm of apex was 0.18 mm that there was no statistically significant difference in canal transportation between RaCe and Neoniti files in five millimeters distant from apex area (p=0.492) and the mean transportation from 9 mm of apex was 0.14 in the second group that There was no statistically significant difference in canal transportation between two groups (p=0.911).Conclusion: The results indicated that there was no significant difference of tooth transportation between two file systems in 3, 9, 7, 5 and 11mm from the apex and both files were safe.

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Influence of Apical Patency and Cleaning of the Apical Foramen on Periapical Extrusion in Retreatment

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201302016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 482-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marili Doro Andrade Deonizio ◽

Gilson Blitzkow Sydney ◽

Antonio Batista ◽

Roberto Pontarolo ◽

Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Material Removal ◽

Filling Material ◽

Mean Values ◽

Filtration System ◽

Root Canal Retreatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Removal Technique

This study evaluated the influence of apical patency, root filling removal technique and cleaning of the apical foramen, concerning the amount of debris extruded during root canal retreatment. Forty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups - GIM (n=10), GIIM (n=10), GIPT (n=10) and GIIPT (n=10), which were named according to leaving (I) or not (II) apical patency during canal preparation and filling removal technique (manual - M or ProTaper system - PT). After filling material removal, each specimen of each group had the apical foramen cleaned by sizes 15, 20 and 25 instruments, generating 12 subgroups: GIM15, GIM20, GIM25, GIIM15, GIIM20, GIIM25, GIPT15, GIPT20, GIPT25, GIIPT15, GIIPT20 and GIIPT25. Extruded filling debris was collected by a Milipore filtration system, an HV-durapore, 0.45 µm pore filter with a 25 mm diameter. The filters were weighed before and after the collection on an analytical scale (10–5 g), and the difference was calculated. The mean weight of extruded filling debris was analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman ANOVA tests (α=0.05). The mean values found in the groups (in mg) were: GIM (0.95±0.94), GIIM (0.47±0.62), GIPT (0.30±0.31) and GIIPT (0.32±0.44). There was no statistically significant difference among any of the groups or subgroups (p>0.05). ProTaper provided the smallest amount of extruded filling material, regardless of presence or absence of apical patency, followed by manual technique, without and with apical patency. Additional amounts of debris were collected during cleaning of the apical foramen, regardless of the instrument, presence/absence of patency or root filling removal technique.

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Fracture resistance of immature teeth filled with mineral trioxide aggregate, bioaggregate, and biodentine

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.178310 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 220-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Emre Bayram ◽

Huda Melike Bayram

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Mean Values ◽

Root Canals ◽

Immature Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance of teeth with immature apices treated with coronal placement of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bioaggregate (BA), and Biodentine. Materials and Methods: Forty-one freshly extracted, single-rooted human premolar teeth were used for the study. At first, the root length was standardized to 9 mm. The crown-down technique was used for the preparation of the root canals using the rotary ProTaper system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) of F3 (30). Peeso reamer no. 6 was stepped out from the apex to simulate an incompletely formed root. The prepared roots were randomly assigned to one control (n = 5) and three experimental (n = 12) groups, as described below. Group 1: White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) was prepared as per the manufacturer's instructions and compacted into the root canal using MAP system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and condensed by pluggers (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil). Group 2: The canals were filled with DiaRoot-BA (DiaDent Group International, Canada). Group 3: Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) solution was mixed with the capsule powder and condensed using pluggers. Instron was used to determine the maximum horizontal load to fracture the tooth, placing the tip 3 mm incisal to the cementoenamel junction. Mean values of the fracture strength were compared by ANOVA followed by a post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was observed among the MTA, BA, and biodentine experimental groups. Conclusion: All the three materials tested, may be used as effective strengthening agents for immature teeth.

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Comparison of Obturation Removal Efficiency from Straight Root Canals with ProTaper Gold or Reciproc Blue: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9041164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vicente Faus-Matoses ◽

Cristina Pasarín-Linares ◽

Ignacio Faus-Matoses ◽

Federico Foschi ◽

Salvatore Sauro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Background: The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of ProTaper Gold (PTG) and Reciproc Blue (RB) NiTi files in obturation material removal from straight root canals assessed by micro-computed tomography. Methods: Fifty-two anterior human teeth were shaped with a PTG rotary system until F2 (25/.08). Specimens were obturated with a continuous wave of condensation technique. For retreatment, specimens were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: PTG group (F4 file) and RB (R40 file). Micro-CT scans were performed before and after retreatment procedures. The percentage of the remaining obturation material compared to the original volume was calculated, as well as the retreatment time. The presence of separated files was recorded. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and nonparametric tests were employed. Results: The mean percentages of remaining obturation material in the PTG group and the RB group were 4.14 ± 4.30% and 4.18 ± 4.29%, respectively. The mean retreatment times for the PTG and RB groups were 144 ± 51 and 163 ± 88 s, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences, neither in removal efficiency (p > 0.05) nor in retreatment time (p > 0.05), between the two groups. The coronal and middle thirds presented significantly more remaining obturation material than the apical third (p < 0.05). No file separation occurred. Conclusions: ProTaper Gold and Reciproc Blue present with comparable efficiency in removing the obturation material, with a similar mean retreatment time.

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Evaluation of the Results of Arthroscopic Release in Limits of Movement in Knees

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v27i9.2308 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Sobhan ◽

Seyed Hossein Saeed Banadaky ◽

Mohammad Shafiee ◽

Mohammad Gheisari

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Knee Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Arthroscopic Release ◽

Lysholm Knee Score ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Limits of movement in knees is one of the most common complications following trauma and surgery. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment choices, knee replacement and performance improvement are expected in many patients. However, limits of movement in knees is unpleasant and should be corrected as soon as possible. In this study, we decided to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in motion limits of knees. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.14 patients who referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from 2014 to 2016 and diagnosed with knee limitation (flexion or extension restriction of more than 10 degrees) were selected. Patients were undergone arthroscopic release and followed-up for 6 months. Lysholm knee score, degrees of flexion and extension, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 and statistical tests Paired T-test as well as Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.92±10.99 years. The most common type of trauma in the patients was femoral distal fracture (46.7%). The frequency of the patients' satisfaction with arthroscopy was as followed: 50% (7 patients), had moderate satisfaction, 28.6% (4 ones), high satisfaction, and 21.4% (3 ones) had low satisfaction.The mean difference in Lysholm Knee Score, improvement in degree of extension, improvement in degree of flexion and pain score before and after arthroscopy were 26.21±14.11,64.78±26.13,3.57±2.92 and 4.13±1.65,respectively.There was a significant difference between the mean values of these factors before and after arthroscopy. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, we can conclude that arthroscopic release is an effective and low-complication method in motion limits of knees.

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Effect of glide path on transportation promoted by NiTi and M-Wire instruments

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2018.v21i1.1525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Tatiane Pires Nogueira ◽

Ellen Roberta Lima Bessa ◽

Eduardo Da Costa Nunes ◽

André Augusto Franco Marques ◽

Lucas Da Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Path Creation ◽

Dental Instruments ◽

Glide Path ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Objective: To evaluate the effect of glide path creation on transportation promoted by NiTi and M-Wire instruments. Material and Methods: Sixty polyester resin blocks containing a simulated root canal were distributed into four groups (n=15), according to the protocols/systems used for root canal preparation: GPR group - glide path + Revo-S system; R group - no glide path + Revo-S system; GPPN group - glide path + ProTaper Next system and PN group - no glide path + ProTaper Next system. Root canals were photographed before and after preparation, and the images were superimposed to evaluate the transportation at the apical, middle and coronal thirds. The time spent to perform preparation was also measured (seconds). Data were submitted to the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05) for statistical analysis. Results: In the apical third, there was no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). GPR and R groups were similar in the middle third (p>0.05). However, the transportation value in GPR group was statistically higher in comparison with GPPN and PN groups (p<0.05). In the coronal third, GPR and R groups were similar (p>0.05). Only R group presented significant difference in comparison with GPPN and PN groups (p<0.05). There was no difference among groups about time spent to perform preparation (p>0.05). Conclusion: None of the systems were capable of maintaining the original trajectory of the simulated root canal, and the glide path had no effect on the transportation promoted by instruments.KeywordsDental instruments; Endodontics; Root canal preparation.

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Microtomographic Evaluation of Canal Centralization and Dentine Removal after Canal Preparation with Two Rotary Systems: HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Next

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1739440 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Vivian Ronquete ◽

Alexandre Sigrist de Martin ◽

Karin Zuim ◽

Thais Machado de Carvalho Coutinho ◽

Eduardo Fagury Videira Marceliano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Type Iv ◽

Canal Diameter ◽

Mandibular Molar ◽

Apical Transportation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Abstract Objective This study compared the ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States) and HyFlex EDM (HEDM; Coltene/Whaledent AG, Alstätten, Switzerland) systems using micro–computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods Twenty-one mesial roots classified as Vertucci's type IV from extracted mandibular first molars with curvatures between 20 and 40 degrees were selected. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT before and after root canal preparation by both systems, applied to the same root, in alternating canals. The following parameters were analyzed: canal centering, apical transportation, root canal diameter/root diameter. Results No statistically significant differences between both systems were observed for any of the assessed morphological parameters (p > 0.05). All canals presented diameter enlargement of more than 40% in relation to root diameter in the cervical and middle segments. No statistically significant difference was noted between the HEDM and PTN groups. The wear percentage for the HEDM group in the cervical and middle thirds were 49.66 ± 8.65 and 46.48 ± 14.29, respectively, and 51.02 ± 11.81 and 45.48 ± 10.79 for the PTN group, respectively. Conclusion Both systems displayed similar mandibular molar mesial canals preparation, with no differences noted for any of the assessed parameters. Both groups showed increased canal diameter in the cervical and middle thirds by more than 40%.

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The Effect of Ultrasonic Agitation on the Porosity Distribution in Apically Perforated Root Canals Filled with Different Bioceramic Materials and Techniques: A Micro-CT Assessment

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10214977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 4977

Author(s):

Saulius Drukteinis ◽

Goda Bilvinaite ◽

Hagay Shemesh ◽

Paulius Tusas ◽

Vytaute Peciuliene

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Porosity Distribution ◽

Significance Level ◽

Ultrasonic Agitation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Before And After ◽

Rotary Instrument

The present study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the porosity distribution of BioRoot RCS/single gutta-percha cone (BR/SC) and MTA Flow (MF) root canals fillings used as apical plugs in moderately curved and apically perforated roots. Eighty mesial root canals of mandibular first molars were enlarged up to ProTaper NEXT X5 rotary instrument 2 mm beyond the apical foramen, simulating apical perforations. Specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups (20 canals per group) according to the material and technique used for root canal obturation: BR/SC, BR/SC with ultrasonic agitation (BR/SC-UA), MF and MF with ultrasonic agitation (MF-UA). The ultrasonic tip was passively inserted into the root canal after the injection of flowable cement and activated for 10 s. The specimens were scanned before and after obturation with a high-resolution micro-computed tomography scanner, and the porosity of the apical plugs was assessed. The differences between groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, with the significance level set at 5%. None of the obturation materials and techniques used in this study was able to provide a pore-free root canal filling in the apical 5 mm. Considerably higher percentages of open and closed pores were observed in the MF and MF-UA groups, with the highest porosity being in the MF-UA group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the BR/SC and BR/SC-UA groups, where the quantity of open and closed pores remained similar (p > 0.05).

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Second Root Canal in Mandibular Incisors: an Ex Vivo Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.2478/bjdm-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Maria Elpida Kalaitzoglou ◽

Eleni Kantilieraki ◽

Charalampos Beltes ◽

Christos Angelopoulos ◽

Panagiotis Beltes

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Mean Values ◽

Root Canals ◽

The Mean ◽

Type 3 ◽

Mandibular Incisors

SummaryBackground/Aim: To analyze the internal morphology of mandibular incisors with two root canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: 289 (143 central and 146 lateral) extracted intact mandibular incisors were radiographed for detection of a second root canal. The teeth presenting a second root canal were imaged with CBCT and evaluated regarding: root canal type, the distance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bifurcation of the canals and the distance of the canal fusion to the apical foramen (in teeth in which canals rejoined). Results: Out of 143 central and 146 lateral mandibular incisors, 41 (28.7%) and 44 (30.1%) teeth respectively showed a second root canal. Types II, III, V and an additional type to Vertucci’s classification were identified. Type III was the most prevalent and presented in 30 (73.2%) central and 34 (77.3%) lateral mandibular incisors with two root canals. The mean values of the distance of the CEJ to the canal bifurcation were 4.2 mm and 4.0 mm for central and lateral mandibular incisors respectively. The mean values of the distance of the canal fusion to the apical foramen 5.5 mm and 5.1 mm for central and lateral mandibular incisors respectively. Conclusions: Mandibular incisors with two root canals mainly present with Vertucci’s Type 3 canal configuration. The canal bifurcation was identified mostly at the coronal and middle thirds of the root, while the canal fusion occurred in the middle third of the root.

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