scholarly journals Economic costs of biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems in Russia

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 103-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kirichenko ◽  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Ross N. Cuthbert ◽  
Evgeny Akulov ◽  
Elena Karimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Invasive Taxa

Terrestrial ecosystems, owing to the presence of key socio-economic sectors such as agriculture and forestry, may be particularly economically affected by biological invasions. The present study uses a subset of the recently developed database of global economic costs of biological invasions (InvaCost) to quantify the monetary costs of biological invasions in Russia, the largest country in the world that spans two continents. From 2007 up to 2019, invasions costed the Russian economy at least US$ 51.52 billion (RUB 1.38 trillion, n = 94 cost entries), with the vast majority of these costs based on predictions or extrapolations (US$ 50.86 billion; n = 87) and, therefore, not empirically observed. Most cost entries exhibited low geographic resolution, being split between European and Asian parts of Russia (US$ 44.17 billion; n = 72). Just US$ 7.35 billion (n = 22) was attributed to the European part solely and none to the Asian part. Invasion costs were documented for 72 species and particularly insects (37 species). The empirically-observed costs, summing up to US$ 660 million (n = 7), were reported only for four species: two insects Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire and Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) and two plants Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. The vast majority of economic costs were related to resource damages and economic losses, with very little reported expenditures on managing invasions in terrestrial ecosystems. In turn, agriculture (US$ 37.42 billion; n = 68) and forestry (US$ 14.0 billion; n = 20) were the most impacted sectors. Overall, we report burgeoning economic costs of invasions in Russia and identify major knowledge gaps, for example, concerning specific habitat types (i.e. aquatic) and management expenditures, as well as for numerous known invasive taxa with no reported economic costs (i.e. vertebrates). Given this massive, largely underestimated economic burden of invasions in Russia, our work is a call for improved reporting of costs nationally and internationally.

scholarly journals The economic costs of biological invasions in Brazil: a first assessment

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 349-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Pires Adelino ◽  
Gustavo Heringer ◽  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Lucas Del Bianco Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Economic Sectors

Biological invasions are one of the leading causes of global environmental change and their impacts can affect biodiversity, ecosystem services, human health and the economy. Yet, the understanding on the impacts of invasive alien species is still limited and mostly related to alien species outbreaks and losses in agricultural yield, followed by the understanding of the ecological impacts on natural systems. Notably, the economic impacts of biological invasions have rarely been quantified. Brazil has at least 1214 known alien species from which 460 are recognized as invasive alien species. Still, there are no comprehensive estimates of the cost of their impact and management. Here, we aimed at filling this gap by providing a comprehensive estimate of the economic cost of biological invasions in Brazil. In order to quantify these costs for species, ecosystems and human well-being we used the InvaCost database which is the first global compilation of the economic costs of biological invasions. We found that Brazil reportedly spent a minimum of USD 105.53 billions over 35 years (1984–2019), with an average spent of USD 3.02 (± 9.8) billions per year. Furthermore, USD 104.33 billion were due to damages and losses caused by invaders, whereas only USD 1.19 billion were invested in their management (prevention, control or eradication). We also found that recorded costs were unevenly distributed across ecosystems, and socio-economic sectors, and were rarely evaluated and published. We found that the economic costs with losses and damages were substantially greater than those used for prevention, control or eradication of IAS. Since our data show costs reported in Brazil for only 16 invasive alien species, our estimates are likely a conservative minimum of the actual economic costs of biological invasions in Brazil. Taken together, they indicate that invasive alien species are an important cause of economic losses and that Brazil has mostly opted for paying for the damage incurred by biological invasions rather than investing in preventing them from happening.

scholarly journals InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Diagne ◽  
B. Leroy ◽  
R. E. Gozlan ◽  
A.-C. Vaissière ◽  
C. Assailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Data Validity

Abstract Biological invasions are responsible for tremendous impacts globally, including huge economic losses and management expenditures. Efficiently mitigating this major driver of global change requires the improvement of public awareness and policy regarding its substantial impacts on our socio-ecosystems. One option to contribute to this overall objective is to inform people on the economic costs linked to these impacts; however, until now, a reliable synthesis of invasion costs has never been produced at a global scale. Here, we introduce InvaCost as the most up-to-date, comprehensive, harmonised and robust compilation and description of economic cost estimates associated with biological invasions worldwide. We have developed a systematic, standardised methodology to collect information from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, while ensuring data validity and method repeatability for further transparent inputs. Our manuscript presents the methodology and tools used to build and populate this living and publicly available database. InvaCost provides an essential basis (2419 cost estimates currently compiled) for worldwide research, management efforts and, ultimately, for data-driven and evidence-based policymaking.

scholarly journals Economic costs of biological invasions in Asia

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlong Liu ◽  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
Elena Angulo ◽  
Achyut-Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Yifeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
India And China

Invasive species have caused severe impacts on biodiversity and human society. Although the estimation of environmental impacts caused by invasive species has increased in recent years, economic losses associated with biological invasions are only sporadically estimated in space and time. In this study, we synthesized the losses incurred by invasions in Asia, based on the most comprehensive database of economic costs of invasive species worldwide, including 560 cost records for 88 invasive species in 22 countries. We also assessed the differences in economic costs across taxonomic groups, geographical regions and impacted sectors, and further identified the major gaps of current knowledge in Asia. Reported economic costs of biological invasions were estimated between 1965 and 2017, and reached a total of US$ 432.6 billion (2017 value), with dramatic increases in 2000–2002 and in 2004. The highest costs were recorded for terrestrial ectotherms, for species estimated in South Asia, and for species estimated at the country level, and were related to more than one impacted sector. Two taxonomic groups with the highest reported costs were insects and mammals, and two countries with the highest costs were India and China. Non-English data covered all of 12 taxonomic groups, whereas English data only covered six groups, highlighting the importance of considering data from non-English sources to have a more comprehensive estimation of economic costs associated with biological invasions. However, we found that the estimation of economic costs was lacking for most Asian countries and for more than 96% of introduced species in Asia. Further, the estimation is heavily biased towards insects and mammals and is very limited concerning expenditures on invasion management. To optimize the allocation of limited resources, there is an important need to better and more widely study the economic costs of invasive alien species. In this way, improved cost reporting and more collaborations between scientists and stakeholders are needed across Asia.

scholarly journals What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Christophe Diagne ◽  
Jane A. Catford ◽  
Franz Essl ◽  
Martín A. Nuñez ◽  
Franck Courchamp
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Invasion Impacts ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
Management Approaches

Biological invasions can cause substantial economic losses and expenses for management, as well as harm biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. A comprehensive assessment of the economic costs of invasions is a challenging but essential prerequisite for efficient and sustainable management of invasive alien species. Indeed, these costs were shown to be inherently heterogeneous and complex to determine, and substantial knowledge gaps prevent a full understanding of their nature and distribution. Hence, the development of a still-missing global, standard framework for assessing and deciphering invasion costs is essential to identify effective management approaches and optimise legislation. The recent advent of the InvaCost database – the first comprehensive and harmonised compilation of the economic costs associated with biological invasions worldwide – offers unique opportunities to investigate these complex and diverse costs at different scales. Insights provided by such a dataset are likely to be greatest when a diverse range of experience and expertise are combined. For this purpose, an international and multidisciplinary workshop was held from 12th to 15th November 2019 near Paris (France) to launch several project papers based on the data available in InvaCost. Here, we highlight how the innovative research arising from this workshop offers a major step forward in invasion science. We collectively identified five core research opportunities that InvaCost can help to address: (i) decipher how existing costs of invasions are actually distributed in human society; (ii) bridge taxonomic and geographic gaps identified in the costs currently estimated; (iii) harmonise terminology and reporting of costs through a consensual and interdisciplinary framework; (iv) develop innovative methodological approaches to deal with cost estimations and assessments; and (v) provide cost-based information and tools for applied management of invasions. Moreover, we attribute part of the success of the workshop to its consideration of diversity, equity and societal engagement, which increased research efficiency, creativity and productivity. This workshop provides a strong foundation for substantially advancing our knowledge of invasion impacts, fosters the establishment of a dynamic collaborative network on the topic of invasion economics, and highlights new key features for future scientific meetings.

Financing of regional projects for digital development of the economy and individual industries of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-629
Author(s):  
V.N. Edronova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
Regional Projects

Subject. This article analyzes the current level and prospects for the digitalization of the Russian economy as a whole, depending on investments in the digital economy and individual economic sectors of the regions. Objectives. The article aims to investigate the financial support of regional projects and assess the results of digitalization in the regions of the Volga Federal District. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of assembling, analyzing, and generalizing of the regional project passport data. Results. The article presents the results of the regions' digital development, a summary assessment of the volume and structure of the planned financial investments in the digital development of the Volga Federal District entities, and identifies their features, general and distinctive characteristics by region, digitalization area, and source of funds. Conclusions and Relevance. All the regions under study have developed the passports of regional projects to digitalize the economy and are increasing their digital potential with varying degrees of activity. The financial support of projects differs significantly in volume and structure of financing, depending on the financial capabilities of a particular region and the strategic objectives set. The findings can be used in further research to assess the financial components of the digital economy and are of interest to scientists, undergraduates, and graduate students whose research is related to the digital economics, as well as specialists in regions involved in the implementation of regional projects.

scholarly journals Continuous exposure to ambient air pollution and chronic diseases: prevalence, burden, and economic costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-399
Author(s):  
Seyed M. Karimi ◽  
Ali Maziyaki ◽  
Samaneh Ahmadian Moghadam ◽  
Mahtab Jafarkhani ◽  
Hamid Zarei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Unit Change ◽  
Data Limitations

AbstractStudies that assess the connection between the prevalence of chronic diseases and continuous exposure to air pollution are scarce in developing countries, mainly due to data limitations. Largely overcoming data limitations, this study aimed to investigate the association between the likelihood of reporting a set of chronic diseases (diabetes, cancer, stroke and myocardial infarction, asthma, and hypertension) and continuous exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and coarse particulate matter (PM10). Using the estimated associations, the disease burden and economic costs of continuous exposure to air pollutants were also approximated. A 2011 Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool survey from Tehran, Iran, was used in the main analyses. A sample of 67,049 individuals who had not changed their place of residence for at least 2 years before the survey and reported all relevant socioeconomic information was selected. The individuals were assigned with the average monthly air pollutant levels of the nearest of 16 air quality monitors during the 2 years leading to the survey. Both single- and multi-pollutant analyses were conducted. The country’s annual household surveys from 2002 to 2011 were used to calculate the associated economic losses. The single-pollutant analysis showed that a one-unit increase in monthly CO (ppm), NO2 (ppb), O3 (ppb), and PM10 (μg/m3) during the 2 years was associated with 751 [confidence interval (CI): 512–990], 18 (CI: 12–24), 46 (CI: −27–120), and 24 (CI: 13–35) more reported chronic diseases in 100,000, respectively. The disease-specific analyses showed that a unit change in average monthly CO was associated with 329, 321, 232, and 129 more reported cases of diabetes, hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction, and asthma in 100,000, respectively. The measured associations were greater in samples with older individuals. Also, a unit change in average monthly O3 was associated with 21 (in 100,000) more reported cases of asthma. The multi-pollutant analyses confirmed the results from single-pollutant analyses. The supplementary analyses showed that a one-unit decrease in monthly CO level could have been associated with about 208 (CI: 147–275) years of life gained or 15.195 (CI: 10.296–20.094) thousand US dollars (USD) in life-time labor market income gained per 100,000 30-plus-year-old Tehranis.

scholarly journals Modeling regional impacts and resilience to water service disruptions in urban economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832199870
Author(s):  
Sheree A Pagsuyoin ◽  
Joost R Santos
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Water is a critical natural resource that sustains the productivity of many economic sectors, whether directly or indirectly. Climate change alongside rapid growth and development are a threat to water sustainability and regional productivity. In this paper, we develop an extension to the economic input-output model to assess the impact of water supply disruptions to regional economies. The model utilizes the inoperability variable, which measures the extent to which an infrastructure system or economic sector is unable to deliver its intended output. While the inoperability concept has been utilized in previous applications, this paper offers extensions that capture the time-varying nature of inoperability as the sectors recover from a disruptive event, such as drought. The model extension is capable of inserting inoperability adjustments within the drought timeline to capture time-varying likelihoods and severities, as well as the dependencies of various economic sectors on water. The model was applied to case studies of severe drought in two regions: (1) the state of Massachusetts (MA) and (2) the US National Capital Region (NCR). These regions were selected to contrast drought resilience between a mixed urban–rural region (MA) and a highly urban region (NCR). These regions also have comparable overall gross domestic products despite significant differences in the distribution and share of the economic sectors comprising each region. The results of the case studies indicate that in both regions, the utility and real estate sectors suffer the largest economic loss; nonetheless, results also identify region-specific sectors that incur significant losses. For the NCR, three sectors in the top 10 ranking of highest economic losses are government-related, whereas in the MA, four sectors in the top 10 are manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, the accommodation sector has also been included in the NCR case intuitively because of the high concentration of museums and famous landmarks. In contrast, the Wholesale Trade sector was among the sectors with the highest economic losses in the MA case study because of its large geographic size conducive for warehouses used as nodes for large-scale supply chain networks. Future modeling extensions could potentially include analysis of water demand and supply management strategies that can enhance regional resilience against droughts. Other regional case studies can also be pursued in future efforts to analyze various categories of drought severity beyond the case studies featured in this paper.

scholarly journals Economic costs of biological invasions in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 151318
Author(s):  
Jean E. Fantle-Lepczyk ◽  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Andrew M. Kramer ◽  
Ross N. Cuthbert ◽  
Anna J. Turbelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Costs

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF VARIOUS OUTCOMES OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION SURGERY ON ECONOMIC COSTS UNDER TREATMENT OF KIDNEYS CHRONIC DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
I. A. Lakman ◽  
A. A. Khalikova ◽  
Alexey A. Korzhenevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Transplantation Surgery ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Given

The growth of number of patients suffering with chronic kidneys disease became a reverse side of increasing of population life-span during recent decades. The treatment of the given pathology places a heavy burden on state economics. Nowadays, the implementation of kidneys transplantation is the main and only one mode of treatment of this disease permitting both to prolong human life and to significantly ameliorate its quality. The actual problem is the evaluation of economic costs occurring under both successful and unsuccessful outcomes of transplantation. The last one results in returning patient to dialysis procedure. The assessment was applied to direct and indirect expenses of kidney transplantation surgery and post-operational monitoring of patient, including application of dialysis. The expenses of treatment of patient with chronic kidneys disease per one person made annually up to: 1 266 967,88 rubles using dialysis therapy; 1 665 110,19 rubles using transplantation with positive outcome; 2 922 078,07 rubles using transplantation with unsuccessful outcome. Besides, in case of unsuccessful outcome of transplantation total amount of economic losses increased more on 91 343,77 rubles annually at the expense of decreasing of tax levy and increasing of disability compensation.

The impact of corona crisis on the economies of major metropolitan areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Т. Д. Polidi ◽  
A. Y. Gershovich
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operational Assessment

The article presents the results of an operational assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the change in the gross urban product (GUP) in 17 metropolitan areas of Russia with a population of more than 1 million people in 2020. The goal of the authors was to try to answer the most actual questions nowadays (early 2021): how deep was the fall of the largest agglomerations economies in Russia and abroad; did the corona crisis have a more negative impact on the largest metropolitan areas then on the rest of the economy? In order to answer these questions, two main tasks were: 1) to assess GUP in 17 largest metropolitan areas of Russia; 2) to consider foreign estimates of the GUP in 2020. For foreign comparisons, the authors use the first published data on changes in GDP and gross urban/regional product in the United States, Canada and Australia. The assessment of GUP in this work is carried out through the assessment of the component of employee compensation and then the transition to the GUP indicator on the assumption that such a ratio of compensation of employees to GDP in a city equals the average of the said ratios for the 17 metropolitan areas. The assessment showed that the real GDP growth rates in 2020 were negative not in all metropolitan areas, and in most of them economic losses turned out to be less than those of the Russian economy as a whole.

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